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Evidence for syngenetic micro-inclusions of As3+- and As5+-containing Cu sulfides in hydrothermal pyrite

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Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 23. Januar 2019
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 104 Heft 2

Abstract

Most frequently arsenic is nominally monovalent (As1–) in pyrite (FeS2) and substituted for S. Nominally trivalent arsenic (As3+) has been reported previously in hydrothermal Peruvian pyrite and was considered to be substituted for Fe based on the negative correlation between the concentrations of the two elements. Here, we provide the first observation of the incorporation of As3+ in goldfieldite [Cu12(As,Sb,Bi)2Te2S13] and As5+ in colusite [Cu26V2(As,Sb)4Sn2S32] inclusions in As1–-pyrite from high-sulfidation deposits in Peru. This information was obtained by combining spatially resolved electron probe (EPMA), synchrotron-based X‑ray fluorescence (SXRF), and absorption spectroscopy (micro-XANES and micro-EXAFS) with new high energy-resolution XANES spectroscopy (HR-XANES). The two Cu sulfide inclusions range from several to one hundred micrometers in size, and the As3+/As5+ concentration varies from a few parts per million (ppm) to a maximum of 17.33 wt% compared to a maximum of 50 ppm As1– in pyrite. They also contain variable amounts of Sn (18.47 wt% max), Te (15.91 wt% max), Sb (8.54 wt% max), Bi (5.53 wt% max), and V (3.25 wt% max). The occurrence of As3+/As5+-containing sulfosalts in As1–-containing pyrite grains indicates that oxidizing hydrothermal conditions prevailed during the late stage of the mineralization process in the ore deposits from Peru. From an environmental perspective, high concentrations of potentially toxic As, contained in what appear to be non-As-bearing pyrite, may pose a heretofore unrecognized threat to ecosystems in acid mine drainage settings. More generally, the combination of techniques used in this study offers a new perspective on the mineralogy and crystal chemistry of hazardous elements in pyrite, such as highly toxic and little studied thallium.

Keywords: Pyrite; goldfieldite; colusite; arsenic; high-sulfidation deposits

  1. Funding

    The study was funded by ANR under Grant No. ANR-10-EQPX-27-01 (EcoX Equipex).

Acknowledgments

We thank N. Findling for the XRD measurements and I. Sniguireva for help with the SEM measurements.

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Received: 2018-09-03
Accepted: 2018-11-02
Published Online: 2019-01-23
Published in Print: 2019-02-25

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

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  3. In situ measurements of lead and other trace elements in abyssal peridotite sulfides
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  6. Special collection: Understanding of reaction and deformation microstructures
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  10. Nanoscale study of lamellar exsolutions in clinopyroxene from olivine gabbro: Recording crystallization sequences in iron-rich layered intrusions
  11. Elasticity of single-crystal periclase at high pressure and temperature: The effect of iron on the elasticity and seismic parameters of ferropericlase in the lower mantle
  12. Elastic plastic self-consistent (EPSC) modeling of San Carlos olivine deformed in a D-DIA apparatus
  13. Kinetics of antigorite dehydration: Rapid dehydration as a trigger for lower-plane seismicity in subduction zones
  14. Sound wave velocities of Fe5Si at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions: Implications to lunar and planetary cores
  15. Evidence for syngenetic micro-inclusions of As3+- and As5+-containing Cu sulfides in hydrothermal pyrite
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  17. Reviewers 2018
  18. American Mineralogist thanks the 2018 reviewers
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6807
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Pyrite; goldfieldite; colusite; arsenic; high-sulfidation deposits

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Special collection: Planetary processes as revealed by sulfides and chalcophile elements
  2. Dating mantle peridotites using Re-Os isotopes: The complex message from whole rocks, base metal sulfides, and platinum group minerals
  3. In situ measurements of lead and other trace elements in abyssal peridotite sulfides
  4. Special collection: Volatile elements in differentiated planetary interiors
  5. A terrestrial magmatic hibonite-grossite-vanadium assemblage: Desilication and extreme reduction in a volcanic plumbing system, Mount Carmel, Israel
  6. Special collection: Understanding of reaction and deformation microstructures
  7. Intragranular plasticity vs. grain boundary sliding (GBS) in forsterite: Microstructural evidence at high pressures (3.5–5.0 GPa)
  8. Articles
  9. Excess functions of chlorite solid solutions and neoformation of Fe-chlorites: Some implications of recent thermochemical measurements
  10. Nanoscale study of lamellar exsolutions in clinopyroxene from olivine gabbro: Recording crystallization sequences in iron-rich layered intrusions
  11. Elasticity of single-crystal periclase at high pressure and temperature: The effect of iron on the elasticity and seismic parameters of ferropericlase in the lower mantle
  12. Elastic plastic self-consistent (EPSC) modeling of San Carlos olivine deformed in a D-DIA apparatus
  13. Kinetics of antigorite dehydration: Rapid dehydration as a trigger for lower-plane seismicity in subduction zones
  14. Sound wave velocities of Fe5Si at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions: Implications to lunar and planetary cores
  15. Evidence for syngenetic micro-inclusions of As3+- and As5+-containing Cu sulfides in hydrothermal pyrite
  16. The oxidation state of sulfur in lunar apatite
  17. Reviewers 2018
  18. American Mineralogist thanks the 2018 reviewers
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