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Rowleyite, [Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][ V25+,4+(P,As)O8]6⋅n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl], a new mineral with a microporous framework structure

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Published/Copyright: May 6, 2017
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 102 Issue 5

Abstract

Rowleyite, [Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][ V25+,4+(P,As)O8]6⋅n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl], is a new mineral species from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, U.S.A. It was found in an unusual low-temperature, apparently post-mining suite of phases that include various vanadates, phosphates, oxalates, and chlorides, some containing NH4+. Other secondary minerals found in association with rowleyite are antipinite, fluorite, mimetite, mottramite, quartz, salammoniac, struvite, vanadinite, willemite, wulfenite, and several other potentially new minerals. Analyzed δ13C values for the antipinite in association with rowleyite are consistent with a bat guano source. Crystals of rowleyite are very dark brownish green (appearing black) truncated octahedra up to about 50 μm in diameter. The streak is brownish green, the luster is vitreous, very thin fragments are transparent. The Mohs hardness is about 2, the tenacity is brittle, fracture is irregular, there is no cleavage, and the measured density is 2.23(2) g/cm3. Rowleyite is optically isotropic with n = 1.715(5). Electron microprobe analyses yielded the empirical formula [(NH4)8.81Na3.54K2.58)Σ14.93Cl6.29(H2O)16] [(V9.365+V2.644+)Σ12(P5.28As0.725+)Σ6O48]. Raman and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of NH4 and H2O. Rowleyite is cubic, Fd3¯m, with a = 31.704(14) Å, V = 31867(42) Å3, and Z = 16. The crystal structure of rowleyite (R1 = 0.040 for 1218 Fo > 4σF reflections) contains [V4O16]12+ polyoxovanadate units that link to one another via shared vertices with [(P,As)O4]3– tetrahedra to form a 3D framework possessing large interconnected channels. The channels contain a 3D ordered [Na(NH4,K)9Cl4]6+ salt net, which apparently served as a template for the formation of the framework. In that respect, rowleyite can be considered a salt-inclusion solid (SIS). The rowleyite framework is among the most porous known.

Keywords: Rowleyite; new mineral species; polyoxovanadate; microporous framework; salt-inclusion solid; crystal structure; Rowley mine; Arizona

Acknowledgments

Reviewers Giovanni Ferraris and Herta Effenberger are thanked for constructive comments, which improved the manuscript. Frank Hawthorne is thanked for providing use of the X-ray diffractometer at the University of Manitoba for collection of the structure data. Keith Wentz, claim holder of the Rowley mine, is thanked for allowing underground access for the study of the occurrence and the collecting of specimens. This study was funded, in part, by the John Jago Trelawney Endowment to the Mineral Sciences Department of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.

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Received: 2016-10-5
Accepted: 2016-12-28
Published Online: 2017-5-6
Published in Print: 2017-5-24

© 2017 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5977
Keywords for this article
Rowleyite; new mineral species; polyoxovanadate; microporous framework; salt-inclusion solid; crystal structure; Rowley mine; Arizona

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Defining minerals in the age of humans
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  4. Bottled samples of Earth’s lower mantle
  5. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  6. Two ways of looking at chemical bonding
  7. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  8. Diamonds from the lower mantle?
  9. Review
  10. A review and update of mantle thermobarometry for primitive arc magmas
  11. Special collection: New advances in subduction zone magma genesis
  12. Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc
  13. Special collection: From magmas to ore deposits
  14. Sperrylite saturation in magmatic sulfide melts: Implications for formation of PGE-bearing arsenides and sulfarsenides
  15. Special collection: Water in nominally hydrous and anhydrous minerals
  16. Water transport by subduction: Clues from garnet of Erzgebirge UHP eclogite
  17. Special collection: Apatite: A common mineral, uncommonly versatile
  18. Single-track length measurements of step-etched fission tracks in Durango apatite: “Vorsprung durch Technik”
  20. Transformation of halloysite and kaolinite into beidellite under hydrothermal condition
  22. Controls on trace-element partitioning among co-crystallizing minerals: Evidence from the Panzhihua layered intrusion, SW China
  24. Using mineral equilibria to estimate H2O activities in peridotites from the Western Gneiss Region of Norway
  26. Rowleyite, [Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][ V25+,4+(P,As)O8]6⋅n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl], a new mineral with a microporous framework structure
  28. Textures and high field strength elements in hydrothermal magnetite from a skarn system: Implications for coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions
  30. X-ray spectroscopy study of the chemical state of “invisible” Au in synthetic minerals in the Fe-As-S system
  32. Dry annealing of metamict zircon: A differential scanning calorimetry study
  34. Tightly bound water in smectites
  36. Mineralogical controls on antimony and arsenic mobility during tetrahedrite-tennantite weathering at historic mine sites Špania Dolina-Piesky and Ľubietová-Svätodušná, Slovakia
  38. Deep mantle origin and ultra-reducing conditions in podiform chromitite: Diamond, moissanite, and other unusual minerals in podiform chromitites from the Pozanti-Karsanti ophiolite, southern Turkey
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  46. Acceptance of the 2016 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America
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