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Using mineral equilibria to estimate H2O activities in peridotites from the Western Gneiss Region of Norway

  • Patricia Kang , William M. Lamb EMAIL logo and Martyn Drury
Published/Copyright: May 6, 2017
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 102 Issue 5

Abstract

The Earth’s mantle is an important reservoir of H2O, and even a small amount of H2O has a significant influence on the physical properties of mantle rocks. Estimating the amount of H2O in rocks from the Earth’s mantle would, therefore, provide some insights into the physical properties of this volumetrically dominant portion of the Earth. The goal of this study is to use mineral equilibria to determine the activities of H2O (aH2O) in orogenic mantle peridotites from the Western Gneiss Region of Norway. An amphibole dehydration reaction yielded values of aH2O ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 for these samples. Values of fO2 of approximately 1 to 2 log units below the FMQ oxygen buffer were estimated from afO2-buffering reaction between olivine, orthopyroxene, and spinel for these same samples. These results demonstrate that the presence of amphibole in the mantle does not require elevated values of aH2O (i.e., aH2O ≈ 1) nor relatively oxidizing values offO2 (i.e., >FMQ).

It is possible to estimate a minimum value of aH2O by characterizing fluid speciation in C-O-H system for a given value of oxygen fugacity fO2). Our results show that the estimates of aH2O obtained from the amphibole dehydration equilibrium are significantly lower than values of aH2O estimated from this combination of fO2 and C-O-H calculations. This suggests that fluid pressure (Pfluid) is less than lithostatic pressure (Plith) and, for metamorphic rocks, implies the absence of a free fluid phase.

Fluid absent condition could be generated by amphibole growth during exhumation. If small amounts of H2O were added to these rocks, the formation of amphibole could yield low values of aH2O by consuming all available H2O. On the other hand, if the nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) contained significant H2O at conditions outside of the stability field of amphibole they might have served as a reservoir of H2O. In this case, NAMs could supply the OH necessary for amphibole growth once retrograde P-T conditions were consistent with amphibole stability. Thus, amphibole growth may effectively dehydrate coexisting NAMs and enhance the strength of rocks as long as the NAMs controlled the rheology of the rock.

Keywords: Amphibole equilibria; C-O-H fluid equilibria; H solubility; nominally anhydrous minerals; mantle fluid; peridotite

Acknowledgments

We thank Ray Guillemette who provided invaluable assistance with the electron microprobe analyses. Dirk Spengler is thanked for providing some of the samples for this study. Evan Smith is acknowledged for his contribution to the data included in this study (electron microprobe analyses on selected minerals from some of the samples). Support for this research was provided, in part, by a grant awarded to W. Lamb and R. Popp from the Texas Advanced Research Program. This paper benefitted from input by Costanza Bonadiman and anonymous reviewers.

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Received: 2016-7-18
Accepted: 2016-12-23
Published Online: 2017-5-6
Published in Print: 2017-5-24

© 2017 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Defining minerals in the age of humans
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Bottled samples of Earth’s lower mantle
  5. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  6. Two ways of looking at chemical bonding
  7. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  8. Diamonds from the lower mantle?
  9. Review
  10. A review and update of mantle thermobarometry for primitive arc magmas
  11. Special collection: New advances in subduction zone magma genesis
  12. Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc
  13. Special collection: From magmas to ore deposits
  14. Sperrylite saturation in magmatic sulfide melts: Implications for formation of PGE-bearing arsenides and sulfarsenides
  15. Special collection: Water in nominally hydrous and anhydrous minerals
  16. Water transport by subduction: Clues from garnet of Erzgebirge UHP eclogite
  17. Special collection: Apatite: A common mineral, uncommonly versatile
  18. Single-track length measurements of step-etched fission tracks in Durango apatite: “Vorsprung durch Technik”
  20. Transformation of halloysite and kaolinite into beidellite under hydrothermal condition
  22. Controls on trace-element partitioning among co-crystallizing minerals: Evidence from the Panzhihua layered intrusion, SW China
  24. Using mineral equilibria to estimate H2O activities in peridotites from the Western Gneiss Region of Norway
  26. Rowleyite, [Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][ V25+,4+(P,As)O8]6⋅n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl], a new mineral with a microporous framework structure
  28. Textures and high field strength elements in hydrothermal magnetite from a skarn system: Implications for coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions
  30. X-ray spectroscopy study of the chemical state of “invisible” Au in synthetic minerals in the Fe-As-S system
  32. Dry annealing of metamict zircon: A differential scanning calorimetry study
  34. Tightly bound water in smectites
  36. Mineralogical controls on antimony and arsenic mobility during tetrahedrite-tennantite weathering at historic mine sites Špania Dolina-Piesky and Ľubietová-Svätodušná, Slovakia
  38. Deep mantle origin and ultra-reducing conditions in podiform chromitite: Diamond, moissanite, and other unusual minerals in podiform chromitites from the Pozanti-Karsanti ophiolite, southern Turkey
  40. Trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopes of scheelite: Implications for the W-Cu-Mo polymetallic mineralization of the Shimensi deposit, South China
  41. Letter
  42. Crystal structure of abelsonite, the only known crystalline geoporphyrin
  44. Presentation of the 2016 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America to Robert M. Hazen
  46. Acceptance of the 2016 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America
  48. Presentation of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2016 to Anat Shahar
  50. Acceptance of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2016
  52. Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2016 to Sumit Chakraborty
  54. Acceptance of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2016
  56. New Mineral Names
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5915
Keywords for this article
Amphibole equilibria; C-O-H fluid equilibria; H solubility; nominally anhydrous minerals; mantle fluid; peridotite

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Defining minerals in the age of humans
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Bottled samples of Earth’s lower mantle
  5. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  6. Two ways of looking at chemical bonding
  7. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  8. Diamonds from the lower mantle?
  9. Review
  10. A review and update of mantle thermobarometry for primitive arc magmas
  11. Special collection: New advances in subduction zone magma genesis
  12. Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc
  13. Special collection: From magmas to ore deposits
  14. Sperrylite saturation in magmatic sulfide melts: Implications for formation of PGE-bearing arsenides and sulfarsenides
  15. Special collection: Water in nominally hydrous and anhydrous minerals
  16. Water transport by subduction: Clues from garnet of Erzgebirge UHP eclogite
  17. Special collection: Apatite: A common mineral, uncommonly versatile
  18. Single-track length measurements of step-etched fission tracks in Durango apatite: “Vorsprung durch Technik”
  20. Transformation of halloysite and kaolinite into beidellite under hydrothermal condition
  22. Controls on trace-element partitioning among co-crystallizing minerals: Evidence from the Panzhihua layered intrusion, SW China
  24. Using mineral equilibria to estimate H2O activities in peridotites from the Western Gneiss Region of Norway
  26. Rowleyite, [Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][ V25+,4+(P,As)O8]6⋅n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl], a new mineral with a microporous framework structure
  28. Textures and high field strength elements in hydrothermal magnetite from a skarn system: Implications for coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions
  30. X-ray spectroscopy study of the chemical state of “invisible” Au in synthetic minerals in the Fe-As-S system
  32. Dry annealing of metamict zircon: A differential scanning calorimetry study
  34. Tightly bound water in smectites
  36. Mineralogical controls on antimony and arsenic mobility during tetrahedrite-tennantite weathering at historic mine sites Špania Dolina-Piesky and Ľubietová-Svätodušná, Slovakia
  38. Deep mantle origin and ultra-reducing conditions in podiform chromitite: Diamond, moissanite, and other unusual minerals in podiform chromitites from the Pozanti-Karsanti ophiolite, southern Turkey
  40. Trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopes of scheelite: Implications for the W-Cu-Mo polymetallic mineralization of the Shimensi deposit, South China
  41. Letter
  42. Crystal structure of abelsonite, the only known crystalline geoporphyrin
  44. Presentation of the 2016 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America to Robert M. Hazen
  46. Acceptance of the 2016 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America
  48. Presentation of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2016 to Anat Shahar
  50. Acceptance of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2016
  52. Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2016 to Sumit Chakraborty
  54. Acceptance of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2016
  56. New Mineral Names
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