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Infrared spectra of carbonate apatites: Evidence for a connection between bone mineral and body fluids

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Published/Copyright: January 3, 2017
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 102 Issue 1

Abstract

The complex asymmetric stretch (ν3) region infrared (IR) spectrum of synthetic sodium- and carbonate-bearing hydroxylapatites (CHAP) has been interpreted using overlapped Gaussian distributions for individual carbonate ion species. There is now good agreement for the distribution of carbonate ions between phosphate (type B) and c-axis channel (type A) positions using three independent methods: X-ray structure site occupancies, out-of-plane bend (ν2) band areas, and asymmetric stretch (ν3) band areas; B/A ratios for a well-crystallized CHAP sample being 0.77, 0.78, and 0.75, respectively. The reported dominance of type B carbonate ions in bone mineral and dental enamel is attributed to the anomalous shift of type A band frequencies into the spectral region of type B, resulting from the substitution of Ca2+ by Na+ in the nearest-neighbor cation shell of the channel carbonate ions. The infrared spectra show that the hydrogencarbonate (bicarbonate) ion in apatite crystals is a channel species, as are its room-temperature decomposition products, type A carbonate and labile (type L) carbonate. The research suggests that bone mineral crystals may actively communicate with body fluids through the apatite channel, pointing to a possible role for the apatite channel in mediating acid-base reactions in the body.

Keywords: Apatite structure; carbonate ion; biomineralization; biological apatite; infrared spectra; CO2 sequestration

Acknowledgements

I thank Xi Liu for crystal synthesis and FTIR measurements, Chris Tacker and a second unnamed reviewer for helpful comments, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for financial support.

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Received: 2016-2-1
Accepted: 2016-8-25
Published Online: 2017-1-3
Published in Print: 2017-1-1

© 2017 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5704
Keywords for this article
Apatite structure; carbonate ion; biomineralization; biological apatite; infrared spectra; CO2 sequestration

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  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Periodic activity in continental magmatic arcs
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Early warning signs for mining accidents: Detecting crackling noise
  5. Review
  6. Fluids and trace element transport in subduction zones
  7. Solved: The enigma of labradorite feldspar with incommensurately modulated structure
  8. Solved: The enigma of labradorite feldspar with incommensurately modulated structure
  9. Special Collection: Earth Analogs for Martian Geological Materials and Processes
  10. Formation of the ferruginous smectite SWa-1 by alteration of soil clays
  11. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  12. Dissolving dolomite in a stable UHP mineral assemblage: Evidence from Cal-Dol marbles of the Dora-Maira Massif (Italian Western Alps)
  13. Special collection: Apatite: a common mineral, uncommonly versatile
  14. Hydroxyl, Cl, and F partitioning between high-silica rhyolitic melts-apatite-fluid(s) at 50–200 MPa and 700–1000 °C
  15. Special collection: Apatite: a common mineral, uncommonly versatile
  16. Apatite trace element and isotope applications to petrogenesis and provenance
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  30. An experimental kinetic study on the structural evolution of natural carbonaceous material to graphite
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  34. Experimental investigation into the substitution mechanisms and solubility of Ti in garnet
  36. XAFS spectroscopic study of Ti coordination in garnet
  38. Effect of composition on compressibility of skiagite-Fe-majorite garnet
  40. An integrated EPMA-EBSD study of metamorphic histories recorded in garnet
  42. A new formula and crystal structure for nickelskutterudite, (Ni,Co,Fe)As3, and occupancy of the icosahedral cation site in the skutterudite group
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