Tweed, twins, and holes
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Ekhard K.H. Salje
Abstract
Tweed, twin, and porous microstructures are traditionally studied in mineralogy to understand the thermal history of minerals, and to identify their properties such as chemical transport and elastic behavior. Recently, the same research area has blossomed in material sciences and physics with the aim to design and build devices that are based on the properties of nano-structures. Only the very existence and the properties of tweed, twins, and holes matters in this quest while the crystalline matrix plays only a minor role in the current search for novel device materials. This development has largely bypassed mineralogists while physicists did not profit from the age-long experience of mineralogists in dealing with such materials.
In this Invited Centennial article, I will first discuss some key findings and approaches to foster the transfer of ideas in both directions: mineralogists can potentially inspire material scientists while the physics of the fine structure of twin walls and tweed can help mineralogists understand mineral properties in much more detail than hereto possible. Besides the observation that novel physical properties can spring from microstructures, most recent work also includes the dynamics of microstructures under external stress or electric fields. The dynamics is virtually always non-smooth or “jerky.” One of the best studied jerk distribution is that of collapsing porous minerals under stress, where the main focus of research is the identification of precursor effects as warning signs for larger events such as the collapse of mines, boreholes, or even regional earthquakes. The underlying physics is the same as in large earthquakes (which can be modeled but not observed in laboratory experiments). The agreement between laboratory experiments of porous collapse and large-scale earthquakes goes well beyond each quake’s statistics and includes waiting-time distributions and the Omori law of after-shocks. The same approach is used to characterize high-tech materials in aircraft industry and functional materials such as used in electronic memory devices, ferroelectric sensors and non-volatile memories and ferromagnets.
© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Anhydrite: An important sulfur binder limiting the climatic impact of subaerial volcanic eruptions
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- In situ observation of the pyroxene-majorite transition in Na2MgSi5O12 using synchrotron radiation and Raman spectroscopy of Na-majorite
- Prevalence of growth twins among anhedral plagioclase microlites
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- Cathodoluminescence dependence on feldspar mineral structure and implications for forensic geology
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- Experimental study along the magnesio-hornblende–glaucophane join
- Direct observation of Ca-Na ordering and structure polarity in Ca-rich intermediate plagioclase feldspar with incommensurate modulated structure
- Stability and adhesion of calcite/montmorillonite assembly
- Experimental and modeled chlorine solubilities in aluminosilicate melts at 1 to 7000 bars and 700 to 1250 °C: Applications to magmas of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
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- Mössbauer spectroscopic study of natural eosphorite, [(Mn,Fe)AlPO4(OH)2H2O]
- P-V-T equation of state of Ca3Cr2Si3O12 uvarovite garnet by using a diamond-anvil cell and in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction
- Possible new Ca-REE-Bi phosphate minerals from a tungsten-rich calcsilicate skarn, Sierra Nevada Mountains, California
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- Prediction of enthalpies of formation of hydrous sulfates
- Complete substitution of Fe2+ by Mg in Fe4O5: The crystal structure of the Mg2Fe2O5 end-member
- The effect of H2O on F and Cl solubility and solution mechanisms of in aluminosilicate melts at high pressure and high temperature
- The elasticity of MgAl2O4–MnAl2O4 spinels by Brillouin scattering and an empirical approach for bulk modulus prediction
- Synthesis of stoichiometric nickel aluminate spinel nanoparticles
- New Mineral Names
- Book Review
- American Mineralogist thanks the year 2014 reviewers
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Anhydrite: An important sulfur binder limiting the climatic impact of subaerial volcanic eruptions
- Tweed, twins, and holes
- The chemical behavior of fluids released during deep subduction based on fluid inclusions
- In situ observation of the pyroxene-majorite transition in Na2MgSi5O12 using synchrotron radiation and Raman spectroscopy of Na-majorite
- Prevalence of growth twins among anhedral plagioclase microlites
- Intrinsic conditions of magma genesis at the Lunar Crater Volcanic Field (Nevada), and implications for internal plumbing and magma ascent
- A rock fragment related to the magnesian suite in lunar meteorite Allan Hills (ALHA) 81005
- Trinitite redux: Mineralogy and petrology
- Pauloabibite, trigonal NaNbO3, isostructural with ilmenite, from the Jacupiranga carbonatite, Cajati, São Paulo, Brazil
- Kojonenite, a new palladium tin telluride mineral from the Stillwater Layered Igneous Intrusion, Montana, U.S.A.
- Cathodoluminescence dependence on feldspar mineral structure and implications for forensic geology
- Non-invasive assessment of the formation of tourmaline nodules by X-ray microtomography and computer modeling
- Alkali influence on the water speciation and the environment of protons in silicate glasses revealed by 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy
- Carbonate mineralization in percolated olivine aggregates: Linking effects of crystallographic orientation and fluid flow
- The catalytic effect of bound extracellular polymeric substances excreted by anaerobic microorganisms on Ca-Mg carbonate precipitation: Implications for the “dolomite problem”
- Experimental study along the magnesio-hornblende–glaucophane join
- Direct observation of Ca-Na ordering and structure polarity in Ca-rich intermediate plagioclase feldspar with incommensurate modulated structure
- Stability and adhesion of calcite/montmorillonite assembly
- Experimental and modeled chlorine solubilities in aluminosilicate melts at 1 to 7000 bars and 700 to 1250 °C: Applications to magmas of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
- Cation order-disorder in Fe-bearing pyrope and grossular garnets: A 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy study
- Trace and minor elements in galena: A reconnaissance LA-ICP-MS study
- A refined monoclinic structure for a variety of “hydrohematite”
- Mössbauer spectroscopic study of natural eosphorite, [(Mn,Fe)AlPO4(OH)2H2O]
- P-V-T equation of state of Ca3Cr2Si3O12 uvarovite garnet by using a diamond-anvil cell and in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction
- Possible new Ca-REE-Bi phosphate minerals from a tungsten-rich calcsilicate skarn, Sierra Nevada Mountains, California
- Klebelsbergite, Sb4O4SO4(OH)2: Stability relationships, formation in Nature, and refinement of its structure
- Balestraite, KLi2VSi4O10O2, the first member of the mica group with octahedral V5+
- Prediction of enthalpies of formation of hydrous sulfates
- Complete substitution of Fe2+ by Mg in Fe4O5: The crystal structure of the Mg2Fe2O5 end-member
- The effect of H2O on F and Cl solubility and solution mechanisms of in aluminosilicate melts at high pressure and high temperature
- The elasticity of MgAl2O4–MnAl2O4 spinels by Brillouin scattering and an empirical approach for bulk modulus prediction
- Synthesis of stoichiometric nickel aluminate spinel nanoparticles
- New Mineral Names
- Book Review
- American Mineralogist thanks the year 2014 reviewers
