Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Illustrations xi
4. Acknowledgments xiii
5. Notes on Dates and Transliterations xv
6. Introduction 1
7. PART ONE. Generals
8. 1. Guo Kan: Military Exchanges between China and the Middle East 27
9. 2. Baiju: The Mongol Conqueror at the Crossfire of Dynastic Struggle 44
10. 3. Qutulun: The Warrior Princess of Mongol Central Asia 64
11. 4. Yang Tingbi: Mongol Expansion along the Maritime Silk Roads 83
12. 5. Sayf al-Dīn Qipchaq al-Mans.ūrī: Defection and Ethnicity between Mongols and Mamluks 102
13. 6. Tuqtuqa and His Descendants: Cross-Regional Mobility and Political Intrigue in the Mongol Yuan Army 120
14. PART TWO. Merchants
15. 7. Jaʿfar Khwāja: Sayyid, Merchant, Spy, and Military Commander of Chinggis Khan 143
16. 8. Diplomacy, Black Sea Trade, and the Mission of Baldwin of Hainaut 160
17. 9. Jamāl al-Dīn al-T. ībī: The Iraqi Trader Who Traversed Asia 175
18. 10. Taydula: A Golden Horde Queen and Patron of Christian Merchants 194
19. PART THREE. Intellectuals
20. 11. Rashīd al-Dīn: Buddhism in Iran and the Mongol Silk Roads 215
21. 12. Fu Mengzhi: “The Sage of Cathay” in Mongol Iran and Astral Sciences along the Silk Roads 238
22. 13. ʿĪsa Kelemechi: A Translator Turned Envoy between Asia and Europe 255
23. 14. Pādshāh Khatun: An Example of Architectural, Religious, and Literary Patronage in Ilkhanid Iran 270
24. 15. Islamic Learning on the Silk Roads: The Career of Jalāl al-Dīn al-Akhawī 290
25. Glossary 315
26. Chronology 317
27. Contributors 321
28. Index 323