Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents ix
3. Illustrations xi
4. Acknowledgments xiii
5. Note on Citation, Transliteration, and Translation xv
6. Introduction 1
7. Part I. scientific Knowledge and scientific inquiry
8. Introduction 9
9. 1 Conception and Assertion 13
10. 2 Scientific and Nonscientific Assertions 41
11. 3 The Types and Order of Scientific Inquiry 62
12. Part II. The Organization of Scientific Knowledge
13. Introduction 81
14. 4 The Internal Structure of a Science 85
15. 5 Division and Hierarchy of the Sciences 113
16. Part III Modality
17. Introduction 133
18. 6 Necessity and Scientific Reasoning 137
19. 7 Scientific Attributes 162
20. 8 The Logic of Essence 181
21. Part IV Causality and Explanation
22. Introduction 213
23. 9 Causal and Noncausal Demonstration 217
24. 10 Explanation across Sciences, Subordination, and the Transfer of Demonstration 239
25. 11 The Four Causes in Demonstration and Definition 264
26. Part V Definition
27. Introduction 283
28. 12 Definition and Description: Structure and Types 287
29. 13 The Epistemology of Essence 305
30. Conclusion 331
31. Appendix A. Conditions of Certainty 347
32. Appendix B. The Logic of Scientific Reasoning 351
33. Appendix C. A Map of Kitāb al- Burhān (Book of Demonstration) 357
34. Appendix D. English- Arabic Glossary 373
35. References 387
36. Index of Subjects 407
37. Index of Lemmata 413
38. Index of Avicenna’s Works with Passages Cited 417
39. Index of Aristotle’s Works with Passages Cited 425
40. Index of Other Authors’ Works with Passages Cited 427