Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Preface vii
3. Contents xi
4. 1. The Historical and Classificatory Setting 1
5. 2. Vowel Systems 20
6. 3. Consonant Systems 46
7. 4. Tonal Systems 77
8. 5. Functions of Tone 116
9. 6. Noun Class and Concord Systems: An Introduction 159
10. 7. Functional and Vestigial Noun Class Systems 184
11. 8. Nonclass Noun Systems 211
12. 9. Adjectives and Un-adjectives 249
13. 10. Other Noun Modifiers; Conjunction 275
14. 11. Being, Having, and Verbs 308
15. 12. Verbal Constructions in Niger-Congo 343
16. 13. Verbal Systems 384
17. 14. Questions, Relatives, Subordination 416
18. 15. Adverbials, Ideophones, Semantic Ranges 446
19. References 478
20. Index of Language Names 485