Astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsions preparation using spontaneous microemulsification technique: optimization and their physico–chemical properties
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Seyedalireza Mortazavi Tabrizi
,
Navideh Anarjan
Abstract
Garlic oil in water nanoemulsion was resulted through subcritical water method (temperature of 120 °C and pressure of 1.5 bar, for 2 h), using aponin, as emulsifier. Based on the prepared garlic oil nanoemulsion, astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsions were prepared using spontaneous microemulsification technique. Response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of independent variables namely, amount of garlic oil nanoemulsion (1–9 mL) and amount of provided astaxanthin powder (1–9 g) on particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulted nanoemulsions. Results of optimization indicated that well dispersed and spherical nanodroplets were formed in the nanoemulsions with minimum particle size (76 nm) and polydispersity index (PDI, 0.358) and maximum zeta potential value (−8.01 mV), using garlic oil nanoemulsion amount of 8.27 mL and 4.15 g of astaxanthin powder. Strong antioxidant activity (>100%) of the prepared astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsion, using obtained optimum amounts of the components, could be related to the highest antioxidant activity of the colloidal astaxanthin (>100%) as compared to that of the garlic oil nanoemulsion (16.4%). However, higher bactericidal activity of the resulted nanoemulsion against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were related to the main sulfur bioactive components of the garlic oil in which their main functional groups were detected by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy.
Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Solubility determination, computational modeling, Hansen solubility parameters and apparent thermodynamic analysis of brigatinib in (ethanol + water) mixtures
- Solubilization, Hansen solubility parameters and apparent thermodynamic parameters of Osimertinib in (propylene glycol + water) cosolvent mixtures
- Astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsions preparation using spontaneous microemulsification technique: optimization and their physico–chemical properties
- In-situ stabilization of silver nanoparticles in polymer hydrogels for enhanced catalytic reduction of macro and micro pollutants
- Kinetic and equilibrium study of (poly amido amine) PAMAM dendrimers for the removal of chromium from tannery wastewater
- Experimental modeling, optimization and comparison of coagulants for removal of metallic pollutants from wastewater
- ZnO, CuO and Fe2O3 green synthesis for the adsorptive removal of direct golden yellow dye adsorption: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies
- Kinetic and thermodynamic studies for evaluation of adsorption capacity of fungal dead biomass for direct dye
