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Metallradien, Ionenradien und Wertigkeiten fester metallischer Elemente / Metallradien, Ionenradien und Wertigkeiten fester metallischer Elemente
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Martin Trömel
Veröffentlicht/Copyright:
2. Juni 2014
Abstract
Metallic radii rm are correlated with the ionic radii ri by linear relationships. For groups 1 up to 7 as well as for AI, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, and Pb the ionic radii refer to the maximum valences (oxidation states) as known from compounds according to rm ≈ 1.16 • (ri + 0.64) [Å], For groups 8 up to 12, rm ≈ 0.48 · (ri + 2.26) [Å] with valences W = 14 -G (G = group number). These valences are considered regular (Wr). For groups 1 up to 12, they obey the equation Wr = 7 -[G -71]. According to this equation all outer s electrons and the unpaired d electrons should be involved in chemical bonding, i.e. in the cohesion of the element in the solid state. From the melting temperatures and the atomic volumes it is concluded, however, that only 19 out of the 30 d-block elements have regular valences, namely the elements of groups 3, 5, 6, 10, 11 as well as Os, Ir, Zn, Cd, and possibly Ru. All of the non-regular valences are lower than the regular ones. Four of them are integers: Mn 3; Fe, Co 4; Re 6.
Received: 1999-12-2
Published Online: 2014-6-2
Published in Print: 2000-4-1
© 1946 – 2014: Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Characterization of the Inorganic/Organometallic Osmium(IV) Compound [Cp2 OsIVCl]2 [OsIVCl6] as Formed by the Reaction of OSCI3 with Pentamethylcyclopentadiene in Air
- Synthesis and Spectroscopic Investigations of New Linear Heterobimetallic Clusters [Me4N]3[(TOS3 )2Ag] (T = Mo, W). Crystal Structure of [Me4N]3[(MoOS3 )2Ag]
- Metallradien, Ionenradien und Wertigkeiten fester metallischer Elemente / Metallradien, Ionenradien und Wertigkeiten fester metallischer Elemente
- Komplexe gemischter Siliciumhalogenide mit 3,4-Lutidin / Complexes of Mixed Silicon Halides with 3,4-Lutidine
- Vierzähnige Benzamidin-Liganden in ein-und mehrkemigen Kupfer(II)-Komplexen / Quadridentate Benzamidine Ligands in Mono-and Oligonuclear Copper(II) Complexes
- Coordination Compounds of Lanthanide Nitrates with Dimorpholido-N-trichloroacetylphosphorylamide. The Structure of Di(dimorpholido-N-trichloroacetylphosphorylamide)- diaqua Neodymium(III)trinitrate
- A Diazenidoborate: Formation and Structure of Cs[(CF3)3BN=NCF3]
- The Crystal Structure of Bi3Se4Br
- Complexation of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), and Copper(II) Ions with Pyridine, 2-Methylpyridine, 3-Methylpyridine, and 4-Methylpyridine in Acetonitrile
- Syntheses and Structures of Thorium(IV) Complexes with Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane Dioxide, Ph2P(O)CH2CH2P(O)Ph2, and Bis(diphenylphosphoryl)amide, [Ph2P(O)NP(O)Ph2]
- A Novel Convenient Synthesis of Mixed-Valence TiIII/TiIV Double Phosphates Starting with Titanium Nitride TiN
- Polysulfonylamine, CXXV [1]. Neue Komplexe von Disulfonylaminen mit Kronenethern - im voraus entworfen oder zufällig entdeckt / Polysulfonylamines, CXXV [1]. New Complexes of Disulfonylam ines with Crown Ethers - Preconceived or Discovered by Serendipity
- An Expeditious Approach to Trisubstituted Chiral Tetrahydrofurans
- β-Enaminonitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of New 1,4-Dihydropyridine, PyrazoIo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, Aminothiophene and Pyridine Derivatives
- Extraktionen von Ginsenosiden aus Ginseng-Wurzeln mit flüssigem Ammoniak, Methanol-Wasser oder Wasser/ Extractions of Ginsenosidesj from Ginseng Roots with Liquid Ammonia, Methanol-Water or Water
- Uber die Isolierung von Sitosterin-(6'-O-acyl)-β-D-glucopyranosiden aus Flacourtia indica und über unerwartete Gelbildungen durch das Triacetat / On the Isolation of Sitosterin-(6'-O-acyl)-β-D-glucopyranosides from Flacourtia indica and on Unexpected Formation of Gels by the Triacetate
- A Conformational Study of 5,10,15,20-Tetraalkyl-22H+,24H+-porphyrindiium Salts (Dication Salts)
- Synthese und Kristallstruktur von 2,4-Bis(methyIamino)-2-pentenium - chlorid [1] / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2,4- Bis(methylamino)-2-pentenium Chloride [1]
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Characterization of the Inorganic/Organometallic Osmium(IV) Compound [Cp2 OsIVCl]2 [OsIVCl6] as Formed by the Reaction of OSCI3 with Pentamethylcyclopentadiene in Air
- Synthesis and Spectroscopic Investigations of New Linear Heterobimetallic Clusters [Me4N]3[(TOS3 )2Ag] (T = Mo, W). Crystal Structure of [Me4N]3[(MoOS3 )2Ag]
- Metallradien, Ionenradien und Wertigkeiten fester metallischer Elemente / Metallradien, Ionenradien und Wertigkeiten fester metallischer Elemente
- Komplexe gemischter Siliciumhalogenide mit 3,4-Lutidin / Complexes of Mixed Silicon Halides with 3,4-Lutidine
- Vierzähnige Benzamidin-Liganden in ein-und mehrkemigen Kupfer(II)-Komplexen / Quadridentate Benzamidine Ligands in Mono-and Oligonuclear Copper(II) Complexes
- Coordination Compounds of Lanthanide Nitrates with Dimorpholido-N-trichloroacetylphosphorylamide. The Structure of Di(dimorpholido-N-trichloroacetylphosphorylamide)- diaqua Neodymium(III)trinitrate
- A Diazenidoborate: Formation and Structure of Cs[(CF3)3BN=NCF3]
- The Crystal Structure of Bi3Se4Br
- Complexation of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), and Copper(II) Ions with Pyridine, 2-Methylpyridine, 3-Methylpyridine, and 4-Methylpyridine in Acetonitrile
- Syntheses and Structures of Thorium(IV) Complexes with Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane Dioxide, Ph2P(O)CH2CH2P(O)Ph2, and Bis(diphenylphosphoryl)amide, [Ph2P(O)NP(O)Ph2]
- A Novel Convenient Synthesis of Mixed-Valence TiIII/TiIV Double Phosphates Starting with Titanium Nitride TiN
- Polysulfonylamine, CXXV [1]. Neue Komplexe von Disulfonylaminen mit Kronenethern - im voraus entworfen oder zufällig entdeckt / Polysulfonylamines, CXXV [1]. New Complexes of Disulfonylam ines with Crown Ethers - Preconceived or Discovered by Serendipity
- An Expeditious Approach to Trisubstituted Chiral Tetrahydrofurans
- β-Enaminonitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of New 1,4-Dihydropyridine, PyrazoIo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, Aminothiophene and Pyridine Derivatives
- Extraktionen von Ginsenosiden aus Ginseng-Wurzeln mit flüssigem Ammoniak, Methanol-Wasser oder Wasser/ Extractions of Ginsenosidesj from Ginseng Roots with Liquid Ammonia, Methanol-Water or Water
- Uber die Isolierung von Sitosterin-(6'-O-acyl)-β-D-glucopyranosiden aus Flacourtia indica und über unerwartete Gelbildungen durch das Triacetat / On the Isolation of Sitosterin-(6'-O-acyl)-β-D-glucopyranosides from Flacourtia indica and on Unexpected Formation of Gels by the Triacetate
- A Conformational Study of 5,10,15,20-Tetraalkyl-22H+,24H+-porphyrindiium Salts (Dication Salts)
- Synthese und Kristallstruktur von 2,4-Bis(methyIamino)-2-pentenium - chlorid [1] / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2,4- Bis(methylamino)-2-pentenium Chloride [1]
