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Enhancing charge transport and photoluminescence characteristics via transition metals doping in ITO thin films

  • Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Muhammad Ahmad , Rub Nawaz Bhuttee , Maryam Tahir , Muhammad Azhar , Sabah Haider , Nadia Anwar , Muhammad Bilal , Sabeen Ameen , Syed Sajjad Hussain , Saira Riaz and Shahzad Naseem
Published/Copyright: February 9, 2024
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A
From the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A Volume 79 Issue 6

Abstract

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of pristine and transition metal (Co, Fe, and Zr)-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films fabricated via RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of transition metal doping on ITO thin films properties was comprehensively examined using numerous spectroscopic and microscopic methods such as XRD, FTIR, and SEM coupled with EDX, UV–visible and PL spectroscopy, and four-probe and J–V measurements. The cubic crystal structure of the materials was confirmed through XRD spectroscopy, while FTIR results validated the existence of chemical bonds, signified by sharp peaks at 608 cm−1 and 667 cm−1 in the fingerprint region. SEM imaging revealed a granular-like agglomerated structure, with EDX confirming the elemental composition of the samples. The incorporation of Co, Fe, and Zr ions into ITO is aimed at improving photoconductivity and the optical bandgap, with the ultimate objective of enhancing performance in photovoltaic applications. Our findings showed a significant decrease in optical transmission in the visible spectrum. The bandgap also experienced a minor decrease from 3.67 eV to 3.53 eV. Analysis of the photoluminescence spectra exhibited the majority of emission peaks in the UV region, ascribed to electronic transitions occurring via band-to-band and band-to-impurity interactions within the ITO. Electrical measurements indicated lower resistance, higher current flow, and increased carrier concentration in transition metals–doped ITO compared to the undoped ITO, with Zr-doped ITO exhibiting the highest conductivity and optimal charge flow among all dopants. These promising findings in terms of optical, structural, and electrical attributes signal the potential of these materials for photovoltaic system applications.

Keywords: ITO; thin films; transition metals; solar cells; photoluminescence
Corresponding author: Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan, Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Director, Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab for providing us with the necessary lab facilities to conduct this research. The authors acknowledge the support provided by Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: None declared.

  5. Data availability: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Received: 2023-08-01
Accepted: 2024-01-21
Published Online: 2024-02-09
Published in Print: 2024-06-25

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0214
Keywords for this article
ITO; thin films; transition metals; solar cells; photoluminescence

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Atomic, Molecular & Chemical Physics
  3. Atom-bond-connectivity (ABC) indices of graphene sheets, zigzag single walled carbon nanotubes and single walled carbon nanotori
  4. Calibration-free approaches for quantitative analysis of a brass sample
  5. Dynamical Systems & Nonlinear Phenomena
  6. Significance of hafnium nanoparticles in hydromagnetic non-Newtonian fluid-particle suspension model through divergent channel with uniform heat source: thermal analysis
  7. Evolution of shock waves in dusty nonideal gas flow with magnetic field
  8. Quantum Theory
  9. Analysis of microstrip low pass filter at terahertz frequency range in finite difference time domain method for radar applications
  10. Solid State Physics & Materials Science
  11. Enhancing charge transport and photoluminescence characteristics via transition metals doping in ITO thin films
  12. Effect of zinc doping on structural, bonding nature and magnetic properties of co-precipitated magnesium–nickel ferrites
  13. Nonreciprocal transmission in composite structure with Weyl semimetal defect layer
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