Startseite The Halo Effect: Perceptions of Diffuse Threat and SVP Vote Share
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

The Halo Effect: Perceptions of Diffuse Threat and SVP Vote Share

  • Noemi Martig und Julian Bernauer EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 4. Mai 2018
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

The voter strength of right-wing populist parties is regularly attributed either to a feeling of threat from a high proportion of local foreigners or to the lack of opportunities for contact between the majority and the minority. This contribution is theoretically based on a synthesis of these perspectives, known as the Halo effect. Accordingly, it is not so much the local size of the local population, which is perceived as foreign, but rather its relative proportion in the surrounding countryside, which leads to a diffuse feeling of threat. The electoral success of the Swiss People’s Party (SVP) at the level of the Swiss municipalities serves as a basis for the empirical investigation, which is conducted alternatively with the proportions of the foreign and Muslim population. For both groups, spatial multilevel regression models provide indications of a coexistence of direct negative effects of minority populations on the share of the SVP (in the sense of the contact hypothesis) and of Halo effects, with the direct effects appearing to be somewhat more pronounced. Socio-structural factors can reduce these correlations (high unemployment neutralises the negative effect of the proportion of foreigners) or intensify these correlations (a higher income level accentuates the Halo effect for Muslims).

References

Allen, C. and J. Nielsen (2002) Summary Report on Islamophobia in the EU after 11 September 2001. Vienna: EUMC. Online: http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/199-Synthesis-report_en.pdf [last accesssed 19 October 2015].Suche in Google Scholar

Allport, G. (1954) The Nature of Prejudice. Reading: Addison-Wesley.Suche in Google Scholar

Arzheimer, K. (2009) “Contextual Factors and the Extreme Right Vote in Western Europe, 1980–2002,” American Journal of Political Science, 53(2):259–275.10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00369.xSuche in Google Scholar

Arzheimer, K. and E. Carter (2006) “Political Opportunity Structures and Right-Wing Extremist Party Success,” European Journal of Political Research, 45(3):419–443.10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00304.xSuche in Google Scholar

Bivand, R., E. Pebesma and V. Gómez-Rubio (2008) Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R. New York: Springer.Suche in Google Scholar

Blalock, H. (1957) “Per Cent Non-White and Discrimination in the South,” American Sociological Review, 22(6):677–682.10.2307/2089197Suche in Google Scholar

Blalock, H. (1967) Toward a Theory of Minority-Group Relations. New York: Wiley.Suche in Google Scholar

Bleich, E. (2009) “Where do Muslims Stand on Ethno-Racial Hierarchies in Britain and France? Evidence from Public Opinion Surveys, 1988–2008,” Patterns of Prejudice, 43(3–4):379–400.10.1080/00313220903109326Suche in Google Scholar

Bonanomi Feuz, A. (2012) “Die Stabilisierungspolitik des Bandes 2008–2010: Warum die Schweiz die Krise rasch bewaltigt hat,” Die Volkswirtschaft, 85(3):3–6. Online: http://www.dievolkswirtschaft.ch/de/editions/201205/pdf/Feuz.pdf [accessed 18 February 2015].Suche in Google Scholar

Bowyer, B. (2008) “Local Context and Extreme Right Support in England: The British National Party in the 2002 and 2003 Local Elections,” Electoral Studies, 27(4):611–620.10.1016/j.electstud.2008.05.001Suche in Google Scholar

Brewer, M. and N. Miller (1984) (Hrsg.). Groups in Contact: The Psychology of Desegregation. Orlando: Academic Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Campbell, A., P. Converse, W. Miller and D. Stokes (1960) The American Voter. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Suche in Google Scholar

Coffé, H., B. Heyndels and J. Vermeir (2007) “Fertile Groands for Extreme Right-Wing Parties: Explaining the Vlaams Blok’s Electoral Success,” Electoral Studies, 26(1):142–155.10.1016/j.electstud.2006.01.005Suche in Google Scholar

Dülmer, H. and M. Klein (2005) “Extreme Right-Wing Voting in Germany in a Multilevel Perspective: A Rejoinder to Lubbers and Scheepers,” European Journal of Political Research, 44(2):243–263.10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00226.xSuche in Google Scholar

Freitag, M., A. Vatter and S. Mueller (2015) “Switzerland’s Immigration Challenge. Viewpoints and Insights in the Aftermath of the Mass Immigration Initiative,” Swiss Political Science Review, 21(1):1–4.10.1111/spsr.12149Suche in Google Scholar

Giger, N., J. Rosset and J. Bernauer (2012) “The Poor Political Representation of the Poor in a Comparative Perspective,” Representation, 48(1):47–61.10.1080/00344893.2012.653238Suche in Google Scholar

Golder, M. (2003) “Explaining Variation in the Success of Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe,” Comparative Political Studies, 36(4):432–466.10.1177/0010414003251176Suche in Google Scholar

Hewstone, M. and R. Brown (1986) Contact and Conflict in Intergroup Encounters. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar

Jackman, S. (2009) Bayesian Analysis for the Social Sciences. Chichester: Wiley.10.1002/9780470686621Suche in Google Scholar

Jackman, R. and K. Volpert (1996) “Conditions Favouring Parties of the Extreme Right in Western Europe,” British Journal of Political Science, 26(4):501–521.10.1017/S0007123400007584Suche in Google Scholar

Kestilä, E. and P. Söderlund (2007) “Subnational Political Opportunity Structures and the Success of the Radical Right: Evidence from the March 2004 Regional Elections in France,” European Journal of Political Research, 46(6):773–796.10.1111/j.1475-6765.2007.00715.xSuche in Google Scholar

Kitschelt, H. (1997) The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.10.3998/mpub.14501Suche in Google Scholar

Knigge, P. (1998) “The Ecological Correlates of Right-Wing Extremism in Western Europe,” European Journal of Political Research, 34(2):249–279.10.1111/1475-6765.00407Suche in Google Scholar

Kriesi, H. (2005) (Ed.). Der Aufstieg der SVP: Acht Kantone im Vergleich. Zürich: Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung.Suche in Google Scholar

Lazarsfeld, P. F., B. Berelson and H. Gaudet (1944) The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes Up his Mind in a Presidential Campaign. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce.Suche in Google Scholar

Lipset, S. (1981) Political Man (Expanded Edition). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Lubbers, M. and P. Scheepers (2001) “Explaining the Trend in Extreme Right-Wing Voting: Germany 1989–1998,” European Sociological Review, 17(4):431–449.10.1093/esr/17.4.431Suche in Google Scholar

Manatschal, A. and C. Rapp (2015) “Welche Schweizer wählen die SVP und warum?” In: (M. Freitag and A. Vatter, eds.) Wahlen and Wählerschaft in der Schweiz. Zürich: Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, pp. 187–215.Suche in Google Scholar

Mayer, N. (2002) Ces français qui votent Le Pen. Paris: Flammarion.Suche in Google Scholar

Norris, P. (2005) Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511615955Suche in Google Scholar

Pettigrew, T., L. Tropp, U. Wagner and O. Christ (2011) “Recent Advances in Intergroup Contact Theory,” International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(3):271–280.10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.03.001Suche in Google Scholar

Quillian, L. (1995) “Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat: Population Composition and Anti-Immigrant and Racial Prejudice in Europe,” American Sociological Review, 60(4):586–611.10.2307/2096296Suche in Google Scholar

Rattinger, H. (1981) “Unemployment and the 1976 Election in Germany: Some Findings at the Aggregate and the Individual Level of Analysis.” In: (D. Hibbs and H. Fassbender, eds.) Contemporary Political Economy. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, pp. 121–135.Suche in Google Scholar

Rydgren, J. and P. Ruth (2011) “Voting for the Radical Right in Swedish Municipalities: Social Marginality and Ethnic Competition?” Scandinavian Political Studies, 34(3):202–225.10.1111/j.1467-9477.2011.00269.xSuche in Google Scholar

Rydgren, J. and P. Ruth (2013) “Contextual Explanations of Radical Right-Wing Support in Sweden: Socioeconomic Marginalization, Group Threat, and the Halo Effect,” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36(4):711–728.10.1080/01419870.2011.623786Suche in Google Scholar

Schneider, S. (2008) “Anti-Immigrant Attitudes in Europe: Outgroup Size and Perceived Ethnic Threat,” European Sociological Review, 24(1):53–67.10.1093/esr/jcm034Suche in Google Scholar

Spruyt, B. and M. Elchardus (2012) “Are Anti-Muslim Feelings More Widespread than Anti-Foreigner Feelings? Evidence from two Split-Sample Experiments,” Ethnicities, 12(6):800–820.10.1177/1468796812449707Suche in Google Scholar

Teney, C. (2012) “Space Matters. The Group Threat Hypothesis Revisited with Geographically Weighted Regression. The Case of the NPD 2009 Electoral Success,” Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 41(3):207–226.10.1515/zfsoz-2012-0304Suche in Google Scholar

Valdez, S. (2014) “Visibility and Votes: A Spatial Analysis of Anti-Immigrant Voting in Sweden,” Migration Studies, 2(2):162–188.10.1093/migration/mnu029Suche in Google Scholar

Van der Waal, J., W. de Koster and P. Achterberg (2013) “Ethnic Segregation and Radical Right-Wing Voting in Dutch Cities,” Urban Affairs Review, 49(5):748–777.10.1177/1078087412473067Suche in Google Scholar

Vatter, A. (2011) (ed.). Vom Schächt- zum Minarettverbot: Religiöse Minderheiten in der direkten Demokratie. Zürich: Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung.Suche in Google Scholar

Williams, R. (1964) Strangers Next Door. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.Suche in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2018-5-4
Published in Print: 2018-4-25

©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 27.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/wps-2018-0002/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen