Startseite The Magnitostroi of Health: Sochi and the Transformation of the Caucasian Black Sea Coast as a Model for Regional Development in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

The Magnitostroi of Health: Sochi and the Transformation of the Caucasian Black Sea Coast as a Model for Regional Development in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation

  • Christian Noack

    Christian Noack

    Christian Noack is Associate Professor in East European Studies at the University of Amsterdam and Director of the Amsterdam School for Regional, Transnational and European Studies (ARTES): His research interests comprise comparative memory studies in Europe and the social and cultural history of the Soviet Union in the post-Stalinist period. He has published extensively on the history of tourism in the USSR.

    EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 10. Mai 2017

Abstract

In the run-up to the Sochi Winter Olympics in 2014, the Russian leadership repeatedly declared the games to be exemplary for future regional development projects within the country. Treating Sochi as a model case for regional development has a long pre-history, going back to the period of ‘high Stalinism’. Discussing the consecutive development plans for Sochi since the 1930s, this article suggests that in the case of Sochi, Moscow’s methods of octroying centrally planned grandiose schemes with massive short-term investment ‘against all odds’ displayed a high degree of consistency over time. Stalin’s plans to create a ‘world-class’ resort, the ambitious plans to accommodate a genuine Soviet mass tourism in the 1960s and 70s in ‘Great Sochi’ as well as the preparation of the 2014 Olympics habitually produced significant discrepancies between the aspired aims of Soviet development and its socio-economic and ecologic consequences in the region.

About the author

Christian Noack

Christian Noack

Christian Noack is Associate Professor in East European Studies at the University of Amsterdam and Director of the Amsterdam School for Regional, Transnational and European Studies (ARTES): His research interests comprise comparative memory studies in Europe and the social and cultural history of the Soviet Union in the post-Stalinist period. He has published extensively on the history of tourism in the USSR.

Bibliography

Alekseyeva, A. (2014). Sochi 2014 and the rhetoric of a new Russia: Image construction through mega-events, East European Politics, 30(2), 158–174.10.1080/21599165.2013.877710Suche in Google Scholar

Anonymous (1934). Pervoklassnomu kurortu – dostoinnuiu gazetu, Pravda No. 284, 14 October 1934, p. 4.Suche in Google Scholar

Bagdasarjan, S. D. (2007). Ekonomicheskie razvitie bol’shogo sochi na zakate ‘perestroiki’ (1989–1991 gg.): istoriko-sotsiologicheskoe issledovanie. Bylye gody, 30(1), 19–26.Suche in Google Scholar

Bagdasarjan, S. D. (2008). Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia v Sochi na zakate ‘perestroiki’ (1990–1991 gg. Bylyegody, 31(4), 35–41.Suche in Google Scholar

Bakharev, I. (2009, July 14). Genplan s prirodnymi iz”ianami. Gazeta.ru. Retrieved from http://www.gazeta.ru/business/2009/07/14/3222554.html (accessed 2015/08/19).Suche in Google Scholar

Borisov, A. D., & Nevraev, G. A. (1959). Nekotorye voprosy razvitiia kurortov v period semi-letnogo plana. Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kul’tury, 1, 3–11.Suche in Google Scholar

Chernogaeva, G. M., & Federov, E. K. (1992). The impact of recreation in the Black Sea region on surface and sea water quality – Sochi case study. GeoJournal, 27, 179–184.10.1007/BF00717702Suche in Google Scholar

Conterio, J. (2014). The Soviet Sanatorium: Medicine, Nature and Mass Culture in Sochi, 1917–1991. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University.Suche in Google Scholar

Conterio, J. (2015). Inventing the subtropics: An environmental history of Sochi, 1929–36. Kritika, 16(1), 91–210.10.1353/kri.2015.0004Suche in Google Scholar

Dmitrieva, O. (1996). Regional Development. The USSR and After. London: UCL Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Ermachkov, I. A., & Cherkasov, A. A. (2007). Ekologicheskaia obstanovka v g. sochi v period perestroika (1985–1991 gg.). Bylye gody, 30(1), 27–29.Suche in Google Scholar

Ermachkov, I. A. (2010a). Sochi v period perestroika (1985–1991 gg.): Sanatorno-kurortnaia otrasl. Bylye gody, 33(1), 74–82.Suche in Google Scholar

Ermachkov, I. A. (2010b). K voprosu o chrezvychainykh situatsiiakh na territorii bol’shogo sochi v period perestroiki. Bylye gody, 33(3), 57–60.Suche in Google Scholar

Foucault, M. (1986). Of other spaces. Diacritics, 16(1), 22–27.10.2307/464648Suche in Google Scholar

Henningsen, M. (1993). Der Freizeit- und Fremdenverkehr in der (ehemaligen) Sowjetunion unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Baltischen Raumes. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Suche in Google Scholar

Koenker, D. P. (2013). Club Red. Vacation, Travel, and the Soviet Dream. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.10.7591/cornell/9780801451539.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar

Kulikov, N. A. (2009). Regional’naia istoriia: problem podgotovitel’nogo etapa k zimnei olimpiade-2014 v g. sochi (po materialam periodiki 2008–2009 gg.). Nauchnye problem gumanitarnykh issledovanii, 122. Retrieved from http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/regionalnaya-istoriya-problemy-podgotovitelnogo-etapa-k-zimney-olimpiade-2014-v-g-sochi-pomaterialam-periodiki-2008–2009-gg (accessed 2015/08/19).Suche in Google Scholar

Kurorty (1983). Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar. Moskva: Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia.Suche in Google Scholar

Kurorty SSSR (1936). Spravochnik. Moskva-Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo biologicheskoi i meditsinskoi literatury.Suche in Google Scholar

Kuznetsova, L. (2012). Sovetskii kurort kak mesto pamiati. Bulletin des DHI Moscow, 6, 184–205.Suche in Google Scholar

Kuznetsova, L. (2014). Postranstvo sovetskogo kurorta: svoboda ili kontrol? Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 126. Retrieved from http://magazines.russ.ru/nlo/2014/126/15k.html (accessed 2015/09/02).Suche in Google Scholar

Lipodaev, Y. I. (1987). Sochi, Sochi, Sotschi. Kurorty SSSR, Soviet Health Resorts, Kurorte in der UdSSR. Moscow: Planeta.Suche in Google Scholar

Martel, E.-A. (1908). La Côte d’Azur Russe (Riviera du Caucase): voyage en Russie méridionale, au Caucase occidental et en Transcaucasie (mission du gouvernement russe, 1903). Paris: Delagrave.Suche in Google Scholar

Müller, M. (2015). (Im-) Mobile policies: Why sustainability went wrong in the 2014 Olympics in Sochi. European Urban and Regional Studies, 22(2), 191–209.10.1177/0969776414523801Suche in Google Scholar

Müller, M. (2014). Introduction : Winter Olympics sochi 2014 : What Is at Stake ? East European Politics, 30(2), 153–157.10.1080/21599165.2014.880694Suche in Google Scholar

Natolochnaia, O. V. (2008a). Osobennosti rezhimnogo goroda-kurorta Sochi. Bylye gody, 31(1), 21–25.Suche in Google Scholar

Natolochnaia, O. V. (2008b). Ratsionalizatorstvo i trudovoi poryv sochintsev po vosstanovleniiu i razvitiiu goroda sochi v 1945–1950-e gg. Bylye gody, 31(3), 14–23.Suche in Google Scholar

Natolochnaia, O. V. (2009). Sochi poslevoennyi: gorodskoi poriadok kak osobennost’ rezhimnogo goroda. Bylye gody, 32(1), 20–24.Suche in Google Scholar

Natolochnaia, O. V. (2010). Zhilishchnyi fond goroda sochi v poslevoennyi period (1945–1953 gg.): Problemy i perspektivy. Bylye gody, 33(3), 51–56.Suche in Google Scholar

Noack, C. (2006). Coping with the Tourist: Planned and ‘Wild’ Mass Tourism on the Soviet Black Sea Coast. In A. E. Gorsuch & D. P. Koenker (Eds.), Turizm: The Russian and East European Tourist under Socialism (pp. 281–304). Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.10.7591/9781501727238-016Suche in Google Scholar

Noack, C. (2011). Building Tourism in One Country? The Sovietization of Vacationing, 1917–1941. In E.G.E. Zuelow (Ed.), Touring Beyond the Nation: A Transnational Approach to European Tourism History (pp. 171–194). Farnham: Ashgate.Suche in Google Scholar

Noack, C. (2012). ‘Andere Räume’: sowjetische Kurorte als Heterotopien. Das Beispiel Sotschi. In K. Schlögel (Ed.), Mastering Russian Spaces: Raum und Raumbewältigung als Probleme der russischen Geschichte (pp. 187–197). München: Oldenbourg.10.1515/9783110446647-010Suche in Google Scholar

Noack, C. (2016). Brezhnev’s ‘Little Freedoms’: Tourism, Individuality, and Mobility in the Late Soviet Period. In D. Fainberg & A. Kalinovsky (Eds.), Reconsidering Stagnation in the Brezhnev Era. Ideology and Exchange (pp. 59–76). Lanham: Lexington Books.Suche in Google Scholar

Oppengeim, D. G. (1966). Nekotorye organizatsionnye voprosy kurortnogo stroitel’stvo. Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kul’tury, 5, 452–455.Suche in Google Scholar

Richmond, W. (2013). Preparations for the Sochi Olympics. In R. B. Ware (Ed.), The Fire Below. How the Caucasus Shaped Russia (pp. 203–223). New York: Bloomsbury.Suche in Google Scholar

Samsonenko, T. A. (2007). Sochi – vsesojuznyi: nachalo sotsialisticheskoi stroiki. Bylye gody, 30(3), 8–15.Suche in Google Scholar

Samsonenko, T. A. (2008). Sovetskaia imperiia: Sochi – udarnaia stroika (1930 gg.) Bylye gody, 31(4), 4–12.Suche in Google Scholar

Stadelbauer, J. (1986). Der Fremdenverkehr in Sowjet-Kaukasien. Gesamtstaatliche Bedeutung, räumliche Strukturen und Entwicklungsprobleme. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie, 30, 1–21.Suche in Google Scholar

Suchkov, V. (2009, January 27). Zimniaia Olimpiada pod ugrozy sryva. Kavkaskii uzel. Retrieved from http//www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/148012 (accessed 2015/08/19).Suche in Google Scholar

Tveritinov, I. A. (2008). Bol’shoi sochi v nachale 1990-x gg. Demograficheskaia situatsia. Bylye gody, 31(1), 26–29.Suche in Google Scholar

Vershadskaia, O. V. (2006). Vsesoiuznaia perepis’ 1926g.: Chislennost’ i sostav naseleniia Sochi. Bylye gody, 29(2), 20–25.Suche in Google Scholar

Vershadskaia, O. V. (2009). Chernomorskaia derevnia v pervoi treti xx v. Sotsial’noekonomicheskii aspekt. Bylye gody, 32(3), 37–45.Suche in Google Scholar

Zaitsev, I., Komarov, A., & Maksimov, I. (1963). Sochi: Putevoditel’po gorodu. Krasnodar: Krasnodarskoe knizhnoe izdate’stvo.Suche in Google Scholar

Zaitsev, A. M. (2008). Bol’shoi Sochi v 1960-e-1970-e gg.: K istorii vsesoiuznoi zdravnitsy – otraslevoi podkhod. Bylye gody, 31(2), 29–31.Suche in Google Scholar

Zaitsev, A. M. (2009). Kurortnoe stroitel’stvo na territorii bol’shogo sochi v 1960 – seredine 1970-x gg. Bylye gody, 32(2), 38,46.Suche in Google Scholar

Zakharova, N. (2009). Udarnaia stroika 1930-x: chto sdelano? Arkhitektura Sochi. Internet Zhurnal ob arkhitekture, nedvizhimosti i storitelstve v gorode Sochi. Retrieved from http://arch-sochi.ru/2009/11/stroyka1930-e/ (accessed 2015/09/20).Suche in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2017-5-10
Published in Print: 2017-5-1

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 1.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/tw-2017-0004/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen