Synthesis and properties of amide-based cationic gemini surfactants with semi-rigid spacer
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Yue Zhou
Yue Zhou: he is studying for a Master's degree at Jiangnan University. His research field is the chemistry of surfactants and detergents in the School of Chemical and Material Engineering, at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China.
Haiyan Gao: associate professor, she received a doctorate in science from the Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003. Research direction is physical chemistry, synthesis and application of chemicals, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Hujun Xu
Hujun Xu: professor, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2005 from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, P.R. China. He has been involved in surfactants and detergents for over 30 years. He has published over 200 papers in the field of surfactants and detergents; School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
Ying Li: engineer, has a bachelor's degree in pharmacy from Jilin University. Her research focuses on traditional Chinese medicine cosmetics and cleaning products at Shanxi Zhendong Health Care Technology Co., Ltd, Changzhi, Shanxi, P.R. China.
Hongqiang Zhang: engineer, obtained a Master of Science degree from Southwest University of Science and Technology in 2011, and his research focuses on traditional Chinese medicine cosmetics and cleaning products at Shanxi Zhendong Health Care Technology Co., Ltd, Changzhi, Shanxi, P.R. China.
Zirui Lu: he graduated from Central China Normal University in 2008 with a Master's degree in Education. His research focuses on traditional Chinese medicine cosmetics and cleaning products at Shanxi Zhendong Health Care Technology Co. Ltd. Changzhi, Shanxi, P.R. China.
Abstract
A series of novel gemini surfactants (m-E2Ph-m) with ester groups and a benzene ring as rigid spacer were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectrometry. The effect of hydrophobic chain length on the surface properties and aggregation behavior of the gemini surfactants were investigated by the measurements of surface tension, electrical conductivity, fluorescence. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of these surfactants decreases with increasing alkyl chain length. The thermodynamic parameters exhibited that the micellization was a spontaneous and exothermic process in environment. The micellization process became more beneficial with the increase of alkyl chain length and the decrease of temperature.
About the authors
Yue Zhou: he is studying for a Master's degree at Jiangnan University. His research field is the chemistry of surfactants and detergents in the School of Chemical and Material Engineering, at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China.
Haiyan Gao: associate professor, she received a doctorate in science from the Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003. Research direction is physical chemistry, synthesis and application of chemicals, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
Hujun Xu: professor, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2005 from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, P.R. China. He has been involved in surfactants and detergents for over 30 years. He has published over 200 papers in the field of surfactants and detergents; School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
Ying Li: engineer, has a bachelor's degree in pharmacy from Jilin University. Her research focuses on traditional Chinese medicine cosmetics and cleaning products at Shanxi Zhendong Health Care Technology Co., Ltd, Changzhi, Shanxi, P.R. China.
Hongqiang Zhang: engineer, obtained a Master of Science degree from Southwest University of Science and Technology in 2011, and his research focuses on traditional Chinese medicine cosmetics and cleaning products at Shanxi Zhendong Health Care Technology Co., Ltd, Changzhi, Shanxi, P.R. China.
Zirui Lu: he graduated from Central China Normal University in 2008 with a Master's degree in Education. His research focuses on traditional Chinese medicine cosmetics and cleaning products at Shanxi Zhendong Health Care Technology Co. Ltd. Changzhi, Shanxi, P.R. China.
Acknowledgement
I am most indebted to my teacher Haiyan Gao, who has spent much of her precious time in offering valuable advice and guidance in my writing, and whose intellectual insights have contributed greatly to the completion of this thesis. Thanks also to other authors for providing practical experience for this experiment.
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Author contributions: Y.Z.: Conceived and designed the experiments. Performed the experiments: Analyzed the data and wrote this article. H.G.: helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions. H.X, Y.L., H.Z., Z.L.: Contributed reagents and polished the article.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author [Yue Zhou], upon reasonable request.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Application
- Change in gastric-lipase adsorption on lipid layer by stigmasterols
- Biosurfactant Production (Special Topic Section)
- Oil displacement properties of surfactin: a comparative study
- Investigation of process variable effects on palm kernelamidopropyl betaine production
- Environmental Chemistry
- Facile synthesis of novel interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) from semi-IPN: comparative analysis of biodegradation studies for environmental remediation
- Green removal of low and high levels of Cu(II) and Cr(III) cations from concentrated saline chloride medium achieved by a mixture of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-thiocarbohydrazide-TritonX-100 micellar system via cloud point extraction process
- Adsorption of Ni2+ by functionalized hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite
- Physical Chemistry
- Influence of isopropanol on the rheological behavior of wormlike micelles
- Influence of tetrabutylammonium bromide based ionic liquid on the aggregation behavior of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in the range (293.15 K–313.15 K): acoustic and volumetric investigation
- Study on the synergistic effect of the binary compound system of cardanol sulfonate
- Gemini Surfactants
- Synthesis and properties of amide-based cationic gemini surfactants with semi-rigid spacer
