Study on the synthesis and properties of cardanol sulfonate
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Yue Liu
Yue Liu, postgraduate.
Hujun Xu: professor, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2005 from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, P.R. China. He has been involved in surfactants and detergents for over 30 years. He has published over 200 papers in the field of surfactants and detergents.
Jingguo Yang: engineer, graduated at Wuxi University of Light Industry in 1996, majoring in fine chemicals. Main direction is in research of chemical technology and equipment.
Haiyan Gao: associate professor, she received a doctorate in science from the Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003. Research direction is physical chemistry, synthesis and application of chemicals.
Abstract
In this work, using the natural product cardanol and chlorosulfonic acid as the main raw materials, the anionic surfactant cardanol sulfonate (CDS) was synthesised and investigated for its surface properties and thermodynamic properties using surface tension, conductivity and fluorescence methods. In addition, the application properties of CDS, such as foaming and cleaning ability were investigated and compared with those of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). The structure of the surfactant was characterised by FTIR, 1H NMR and MS. The Krafft point of the surfactant was below 25 °C, indicating good water solubility. The CMC values were determined by surface tension, conductivity and micropolarity measurements. The obtained CMCs agreed well within the measuring accuracy. The CMC increased with increasing temperature. As a function of temperature, the following CMC values were obtained: 5.13 × 10−3 mol L−1 (25 °C), 5.63 × 10−3 mol L−1 (35 °C) and 5.77 × 10−3 mol L−1 (45 °C). The values of surface tensions at the respective CMCs were γ CMC = 44.47 mN m−1 (25 °C), 43.53 mN m−1 (35 °C), and 42.45 mN m−1 (45 °C). The application property results showed that the foaming capacity, foam stabilisation and cleaning ability of CDS and SDBS were similar to each other, indicating that CDS can be used as a raw material for commercial detergent production.
About the authors
Yue Liu, postgraduate.
Hujun Xu: professor, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2005 from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, P.R. China. He has been involved in surfactants and detergents for over 30 years. He has published over 200 papers in the field of surfactants and detergents.
Jingguo Yang: engineer, graduated at Wuxi University of Light Industry in 1996, majoring in fine chemicals. Main direction is in research of chemical technology and equipment.
Haiyan Gao: associate professor, she received a doctorate in science from the Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003. Research direction is physical chemistry, synthesis and application of chemicals.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Automatic Dishwashing
- How many resources can be saved by changing consumers’ automatic dishwashing behaviour?
- Textile Treatment
- Stain removal performance of moisture-wicking fabric during home laundry
- Physical Chemistry
- Tensiometric and rheological investigations of single and mixed systems consisting of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) in aqueous solutions
- Dilute hydrochloric acid induced switching from antagonism to synergism in the binary mixed systems of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)
- Study on the properties of amide Gemini surfactants
- Application
- Potential of binary mixtures of sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (SLSA) and alkyl polyglucoside (APG10) as oil degreaser
- The effects of SDS, APG, and DTAB surfactants on the morphology of micro-nano RDX particles prepared in a microfluidic reactor
- Synthesis
- Synthesis and properties of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate
- Study on the synthesis and properties of cardanol sulfonate
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Automatic Dishwashing
- How many resources can be saved by changing consumers’ automatic dishwashing behaviour?
- Textile Treatment
- Stain removal performance of moisture-wicking fabric during home laundry
- Physical Chemistry
- Tensiometric and rheological investigations of single and mixed systems consisting of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) in aqueous solutions
- Dilute hydrochloric acid induced switching from antagonism to synergism in the binary mixed systems of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)
- Study on the properties of amide Gemini surfactants
- Application
- Potential of binary mixtures of sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (SLSA) and alkyl polyglucoside (APG10) as oil degreaser
- The effects of SDS, APG, and DTAB surfactants on the morphology of micro-nano RDX particles prepared in a microfluidic reactor
- Synthesis
- Synthesis and properties of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate
- Study on the synthesis and properties of cardanol sulfonate
