Stability of the PEG Fatty Acid Glycerides Based O/W Emulsions
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Zihan Wang
Zihan Wang: postgraduate, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Liangliang Lin: is associate professor at Jiangnan University, P.R. China, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2018 from the Eindhoven University of Technology, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Hujun Xu: is professor at Jiangnan University, P. R. China, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2005 from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, P. R. China. He has been involved in surfactants and detergents for over 30 years. He has published over 100 papers in the field of surfactants and detergents, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Abstract
In the present work, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion systems were prepared by using the PEG-7 lauric acid glycerides as the emulsifiers and the liquid paraffin as the oil phase. The influence of processing parameters such as emulsification temperature, stirring speed, emulsifier concentration, oil-water volume ratio and polymer addition on the stability of the emulsion systems was investigated. In order to determine the optimal conditions for the preparation of the emulsion systems based on PEG-7 lauric acid glycerides, a laser drop size analyser and a rotational rheometer were used. As the stability of the O/W emulsion systems increased, the average droplet size of the O/W emulsions measured by the laser droplet size analyser became smaller and the viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus of the O/W emulsions measured by the rotational rheometer became larger. The following optimal conditions were determined in this study: emulsification temperature 80°C, stirring speed 500 r/min, emulsifier concentration 5 wt%, oil-water volume ratio 1:1 and added amount of xanthan gum 0.2 wt%. The droplet morphology of the O/W emulsion prepared under the optimal conditions, which was characterised by a super high magnification microscope, is small. Furthermore, the long-term stability of the emulsion system prepared under the optimal conditions was investigated over a period of time (4 weeks). The O/W emulsion proves to be well stable even after 4 weeks, with a water separation rate of 0%.
Zusammenfassung
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Öl-in-Wasser (O/W)-Emulsionssysteme aus Wasser und flüssigem Paraffin als Ölphase unter Verwendung der PEG-7-Laurinsäureglyceride hergestellt. Der Einfluss der Verarbeitungsparameter wie Emulgiertemperatur, Rührgeschwindigkeit, Emulgatorkonzentration, Öl-Wasser-Volumenverhältnis und Polymerzugabe auf die Stabilität der Emulsionssysteme wurde untersucht. Um die optimalen Bedingungen für die Herstellung der Emulsionssysteme auf Basis von PEG-7-Laurinsäureglyceriden zu bestimmen, wurden ein Lasertropfengrößenanalysator und ein Rotationsrheometer eingesetzt. Mit zunehmender Stabilität der O/W-Emulsionssysteme, wurde die mit dem Lasertropfengrößenanalysator gemessene durchschnittliche Tröpfchengröße der O/W-Emulsionen kleiner und die mit dem Rotationsrheometer gemessene Viskosität, der Speichermodul und der Verlustmodul der O/W-Emulsionen wurden größer. Folgende optimale Bedingungen wurden in dieser Untersuchung ermittelt: Emulgiertemperatur 80°C, Rührgeschwindigkeit 500 r/min, Emulgatorenkonzentration 5 Gew.-%, Öl-Wasser-Volumenverhältnis 1:1 und zugegebene Menge an Xanthangummi 0,2 Gew.-%. Die Tröpfchenmorphologie der unter den optimalen Bedingungen hergestellten O/W-Emulsion, die mit einem superstarken Vergrößerungsmikroskop charakterisiert wurde, ist klein. Des Weiteren wurde die Langzeitstabilität des unter der optimalen Bedingung hergestellten Emulsionssystems über einen Zeitraum (4 Wochen) untersucht. Die O/W-Emulsion erweist sich auch nach 4 Wochen noch als sehr stabil, mit einer Wasserausscheidungsrate von 0%.
About the authors
Zihan Wang: postgraduate, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Liangliang Lin: is associate professor at Jiangnan University, P.R. China, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2018 from the Eindhoven University of Technology, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Hujun Xu: is professor at Jiangnan University, P. R. China, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2005 from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, P. R. China. He has been involved in surfactants and detergents for over 30 years. He has published over 100 papers in the field of surfactants and detergents, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Acknowledgements
The authors greatly appreciate the funding support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JUSRP221018), Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University (YJ2020-05), and Key Laboratory of Cosmetic Safety Assessment, National Medical Products Administration, Guangdong Institute for Drug Control (KF2021014).
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Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Biosufractants
- Fermentative Production of Mannosylerythritol Lipids using Sweetwater as Waste Substrate by Pseudozyma antarctica (MTCC 2706)
- Environmental chemistry
- Heavy Oil Storage Tanks Clean-up Using Biosurfactants and Investigation of the Synergistic Effect with Silica Nanoparticles
- Physical chemistry
- Phase Studies and Efficient Recovery of Inorganic Metal Salts from the Microemulsion System Using a Sugar-Based Non-Ionic Surfactant
- Stability of the PEG Fatty Acid Glycerides Based O/W Emulsions
- The Effect of Halide Counter Ions and Methanol on the Foaming Behavior of Cationic Surfactants and a Mechanism Study
- Synthesis
- Reaction of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester with Monoethanolamine and Diethanolamine
- Micellar catalysis
- Aggregation of Surfactants: Catalytic Reinforcement in Oxidation of Unsaturated E-Crotonaldehyde
- Application
- Enhancing the Stability of Asphalt Emulsion Using Environmentally Friendly Cationically Modified Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (CMHEC) at Different Concentrations and pH Values
- Preparation of Ammonium Oleic Acid Salts and Their Evaluation as Shale Swelling Inhibitors in Water-Based Drilling Fluid
