Abstract
According to a linguistic tradition here termed ‘Cartesian’, language is relegated to an expressive system considered to provide the means to encode or communicate an independently constituted thought process. An alternative vision here termed ‘un-Cartesian’ regards language as an organizational principle of human-specific thought, with the implication that thought of the same type would not become available to a cognitive system without language and that clinical thought disturbances implicate language dysfunction. I here explore the latter view in the context of intra-species variation of the human cognitive type: cognitive disorders that, as in the case of autism and schizophrenia, come with language-related clinical symptoms. If language is the configurator of human-specific thought, cognitive and linguistic phenotypes should illuminate one another. I specifically review evidence for impairment in one universal linguistic function, namely reference. Linguistic meaning is referential meaning: we cannot utter sentences without referring to persons, objects, and events, based on lexicalized concepts that provide descriptions of these referents. Reference in this sense takes a number of human-specific forms, from generic to specific, deictic and personal ones, which empirically co-vary with forms of grammatical organization. As reference in some of these forms proves to be highly vulnerable across major mental disorders, grammar is thereby linked to forms of thought and selfhood critical to normal cognitive functioning. In this way clinical linguistic and cognitive diversity provides an important new window into the foundational question of the thought-language relationship and the cognitive significance of grammar.
Funding statement: Research leading to this paper has been supported by the grants ‘Language and Mental Health’, AH/L004070/1, and ‘Un-Cartesian linguistics’, AH/H50009X/1 awarded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, UK, and the grant ‘Language, Deixis, and the Disordered Mind’ (FFI2013-40526-P) awarded by the Ministerio de economia y competitividad, Madrid.
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to Joana Rossello for discussion and comments, and especially Hans-Martin Gärtner for meticulous readings of this manuscript.
References
Ahmed, Samrah, Anne-Marie Haigh, Celeste de Jager & Peter Garrard. 2013. Connected speech as a marker of disease progression in autopsy-proven Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 136(12). 3727–3737.10.1093/brain/awt269Suche in Google Scholar
Akbar, Maysa, Rebecca Loomis & Rhea Paul. 2013. The interplay of language on executive functions in children with ASD. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 7. 494–501.10.1016/j.rasd.2012.09.001Suche in Google Scholar
Alcantara, José, Emma Weisblatt, Brian Moore & Patrick Bolton. 2004. Speech-in-noise perception in highfunctioning individuals with autism or Asperger’s syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 45. 1107–1114.10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00303.xSuche in Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596Suche in Google Scholar
Arnold, Kate & Klaus Zuberbühler. 2008. Meaningful call combinations in a non-human primate. Current Biology 18(5). R202–R203.10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.040Suche in Google Scholar
Arsenijevic, Boban & Wolfram Hinzen. 2012. On the absence of X-within-X recursion in human grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 43(3). 423–440.10.1162/LING_a_00095Suche in Google Scholar
Astington, Janet W. & Jenkins, Jennifer M. 1999. A longitudinal study of the relation between language and theory-of-mind development. Developmental Psychology 35, 1311–1320.10.1037/0012-1649.35.5.1311Suche in Google Scholar
Baethge, Christopher, Ross Baldessarini, Klaus Freudenthal, Anna Streeruwitz, Michael Bauer & Tom Bschor. 2005. Hallucinations in bipolar disorder: Characteristics and comparison to unipolar depression and schizophrenia. Bipolar Disorders 7(2). 136–145.10.1111/j.1399-5618.2004.00175.xSuche in Google Scholar
Bal, Vanessa, Terry Katz, Somer Bishop & Kate Krasileva. 2016. Understanding definitions of minimally verbal across instruments: Evidence for subgroups within minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry doi:10.1111/jcpp.12609.Suche in Google Scholar
Balboni, Giulia, Alessandra Tasso, Filippo Muratori & Roberto Cubelli. 2015. The Vineland-II in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders: An item content category analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 46. 42–52.10.1007/s10803-015-2533-3Suche in Google Scholar
Baldo, Juliana, Silvia Bunge, Stephen Wilson & Nina Dronkers. 2010. Is relational reasoning dependent on language? A voxel-based lesion symptom mapping study. Brain & Language 113. 59–64.10.1016/j.bandl.2010.01.004Suche in Google Scholar
Baltaxe, Christiane & Nora D’Angiola. 1996. Referencing skills in children with autism and specific language impairment. European Journal Disorders Communicable 31(3). 245–258.10.3109/13682829609033156Suche in Google Scholar
Banney, Rebecca, Keely Harper-Hill & Wendy Arnott. 2015. The autism diagnostic observation schedule and narrative assessment: Evidence for specific narrative impairments in autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 17(2). 159–171.10.3109/17549507.2014.977348Suche in Google Scholar
Barch, Deanna & Howard Berenbaum. 1996. Language production and thought disorder in Schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 105(1). 81–88.10.1037/0021-843X.105.1.81Suche in Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, Simon. 1989. Are autistic children ‘Behaviorists’? An examination of their mental-physical and appearance-reality distinctions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 19(4), 579–600.10.1007/BF02212859Suche in Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, Simon, Allen Leslie & Uta Frith. 1985. Does the autistic child have a ‘theory of mind’?. Cognition 21(1). 37–46.10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8Suche in Google Scholar
Bartolucci, Giampiero, Sandra Pierce & David Streiner. 1980. Cross-sectional studies of grammatical morphemes in autistic and mentally retarded children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 10(I). 39–50.10.1007/BF02408431Suche in Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek. 2009. Adam’s tongue. New York: Hill and Wang.Suche in Google Scholar
Binder, Jeffrey, Rutvik Desai, William Graves & Lisa Conant. 2009. Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies. Cerebral Cortex 19(12). 2767–2796.10.1093/cercor/bhp055Suche in Google Scholar
Bleuler, Eugen. 1911. Dementia praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Giessen: Psychosozial Verlag.Suche in Google Scholar
Boddaert, N., N. Chabane, P. Belin, M. Bourgeois, V. Royer, C. Barthelemy, M.-C. Mouren-Simeoni, M.D., A. Philippe, M.D., F. Brunelle, Y. Samson & M.D., M. Zilbovicius. 2004. Perception of complex sounds in autism: Abnormal auditory cortical processing in children. The American journal of psychiatry 161(11). 2117–2120.10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2117Suche in Google Scholar
Boucher, Jill. 2012. Research Review: Structural language in autistic spectrum disorder – characteristics and causes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 53(3). 219–233.10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02508.xSuche in Google Scholar
Boucher, Jill & Andrew Mayes. 2011. Memory in ASD. In D. Fein (ed.), The neuropsychology of autism, 139–160. Oxford: OUP.Suche in Google Scholar
Brady, Nancy & Deb Keen. 2016. Individualized assessment of prelinguistic communication. In D. Keen, et al. (eds.), Prelinguistic and minimally verbal communicators on the autism spectrum, 101–119. Singapore: Springer.10.1007/978-981-10-0713-2_6Suche in Google Scholar
Brezis, Rachel. 2015. Memory integration in the autobiographical narratives of individuals with autism. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9. 76. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00076.Suche in Google Scholar
Bull, Rebecca, Louise Phillips & Claire Conway. 2008. The role of control functions in mentalizing: Dual-task studies of theory of mind and executive function. Cognition 107. 663–672.10.1016/j.cognition.2007.07.015Suche in Google Scholar
Butterfill, Stephen & Ian Apperly. 2013. How to construct a minimal theory of mind. Mind & Language 28(5). 606–637.10.1111/mila.12036Suche in Google Scholar
Butterworth, George. 2003. Pointing is the royal road to language for babies. In S. Kita (ed), Pointing: Where language, culture, and cognition meet, 9–33. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Suche in Google Scholar
Camaioni, L., P. Perucchini, F. Muratori, B. Parrini & A. Cesari. 2003. The communicative use of pointing in autism: Developmental profile and factors related to change. European Psychiatry 18. 6–12.10.1016/S0924-9338(02)00013-5Suche in Google Scholar
Carruthers, Peter. 1996. Language, thought and consciousness: An essay in philosophical psychology. CUP.10.1017/CBO9780511583360Suche in Google Scholar
Carruthers, Peter. 2002. The cognitive functions of language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25. 657–726.10.1017/S0140525X02000122Suche in Google Scholar
Cartmill, Erica, Özlem Demir & Susan Goldin-Meadow. 2012. Studying gesture. In E. Hoff (ed.), Research methods in child language: A practical guide, 208–225. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.10.1002/9781444344035.ch14Suche in Google Scholar
Cartmill, Erica, Dea Hunsicker & Susan Goldin-Meadow. 2014. Pointing and naming are not redundant: Children use gesture to modify nouns before they modify nouns in speech. Developmental Psychology 50(6). 1660–1666.10.1037/a0036003Suche in Google Scholar
Chaika, Elaine. 1974. A linguist looks at ‘schizophrenic’ language. Brain and Language 1. 257–276.10.1016/0093-934X(74)90040-6Suche in Google Scholar
Chaika, Elaine & Richard Lambe. 1989. Cohesion in schizophrenic narratives, revisited. Journal of Communication Disorders 22. 407–421.10.1016/0021-9924(89)90034-8Suche in Google Scholar
Chalmers, David 1996. The conscious mind. Oxford: OUP.Suche in Google Scholar
Chapman, Loren, Jean Chapman & George Miller. 1964. A theory of verbal behaviour in schizophrenia. In B.A. Maher (ed.), Progress in experimental personality research, Vol. 1, 49-77. New York: Academic Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Cheney, Dorothy & Robert Seyfarth. 1990. How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226218526.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Chisholm, Katharine, Ashleigh Lin, Ahmad Abu-Akel & Stephen Wood. 2015. The association between autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A review of eight alternate models of co-occurrence. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 55. 173–183.10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.012Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1966. Cartesian linguistics: A chapter in the history of rationalist thought. New York: Harper & Row.Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1995. The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 2007. Of minds and language. Biolinguistics 1. 1009–1027.10.1037/e400082009-004Suche in Google Scholar
Clark, Andy. 1998. Magic words: How language augments human computation. In P. Carruthers & J. Boucher (eds.), Language and thought, 162-183. Cambridge: CUP.10.1017/CBO9780511597909.011Suche in Google Scholar
Covington, M., C. He, C. Brown, L. Nac, J. McClain, B. Fjordbak, J. Semple & J. Brown. 2005. Schizophrenia and the structure of language. Schizophrenia Research 77. 85–98.10.1016/j.schres.2005.01.016Suche in Google Scholar
Covington, Michael. 2009. Syntactic theory in the high middle ages. Cambridge: CUP.Suche in Google Scholar
Critchley, Macdonald. 1964. The neurology of psychotic speech. British Journal of Psychiatry 110. 353–364.10.1192/bjp.110.466.353Suche in Google Scholar
Crow, Timothy. 2010. The nuclear symptoms of schizophrenia reveal the four quadrant structure of language and its deictic frame. Neurolinguistics 23. 1–9.10.1016/j.jneuroling.2009.08.005Suche in Google Scholar
Csibra, Gergely & György Gergely. 2009. Natural pedagogy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13(4). 148–153.10.1016/j.tics.2009.01.005Suche in Google Scholar
Darwin, Charles. 1871/rev.1874. The descent of man. And selection in relation to sex. New York: Merrill and Baker, London.10.5962/bhl.title.2092Suche in Google Scholar
Dascalu, Camelia. 2014. Self-reference in autistic children. Semantic, pragmatic and cognitive approaches. Paris 3 Sorbonne-Nouvelle University PhD Thesis in Linguistics.Suche in Google Scholar
Davidson, Donald. 1982. Rational animals. In E. Lepore & B. McLaughlin (eds.), 1988, Actions and events: Perspectives on the philosophy of Donald Davidson, 473–480. Oxford: Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Davidson, Donald. 1997. The Emergence of thought. In D. Davidson (eds.) 2001, Subjective, intersubjective, objective, 123–134. Oxford: OUP.10.1093/0198237537.003.0009Suche in Google Scholar
Davidson, Donald. 2005. Truth and predication. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.10.4159/9780674030220Suche in Google Scholar
Davies, Catherine, Clara Andrés-Roqueta & Courtenay Frazier Norbury. 2016. Referring expressions and structural language abilities in children with specific language impairment: A pragmatic tolerance account. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 144. 98–113.10.1016/j.jecp.2015.11.011Suche in Google Scholar
Deacon, Terrence. 2006. The evolution of language systems in the human brain. In J. Kaas (ed.), Evolution of nervous systems. Volume 5 – The evolution of primate nervous systems. Amsterdam: Elsevier.10.1016/B0-12-370878-8/00020-3Suche in Google Scholar
de Villiers, Jill. 2007. The interface of language and theory of mind. Lingua 117(11). 1858–1878.10.1016/j.lingua.2006.11.006Suche in Google Scholar
de Villiers, Jill. 2014. What kind of concepts need language? Language Sciences 46. 100–114.10.1016/j.langsci.2014.06.009Suche in Google Scholar
de Villiers, Jill & Jennie Pyers. 2002. Complements to cognition: A longitudinal study of the relationship between complex syntax and false-belief understanding. Cognitive Development 17. 1037‑1060.10.1016/S0885-2014(02)00073-4Suche in Google Scholar
de Villiers, Peter & Jill de Villiers. 2012. Deception dissociates from false belief reasoning in deaf children: Implications for the implicit versus explicit theory of mind distinction. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 30. 188–209.10.1111/j.2044-835X.2011.02072.xSuche in Google Scholar
Dibben, Claire, C. Rice, Keith Laws & Peter McKenna. 2008. Is executive impairment associated with schizophrenic syndromes? A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine 39(3). 1–12.10.1017/S0033291708003887Suche in Google Scholar
Docherty, N. M., A. S. Cohen, T. M. Nienow, T. J. Dinzeo & R. E. Dangelmaier. 2003. Stability of formal thought disorder and referential communication disturbances in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 112(3). 469–475.10.1037/0021-843X.112.3.469Suche in Google Scholar
Docherty, Nancy, Maddalena DeRosa & Nancy Andreasen. 1996. Communication disturbances in schizophrenia and mania. Archives of General Psychiatry 53. 358–364.10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830040094014Suche in Google Scholar
Docherty, Nancy M., Michael J. Hall, Scott W. Qrdinier, and Linda P. Cutting. 2000. Conceptual sequencing and disordered speech in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 26(3). 723–735.10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033489Suche in Google Scholar
Docherty, Nancy, Joseph Rhinewine, Ronald Labhart & Scott Gordiner. 1998. Communication disturbances and family psychiatric history in parents of schizophrenic patients. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 186. 761–768.10.1097/00005053-199812000-00004Suche in Google Scholar
Donnellan, Keith. 1966. Reference and definite descriptions. The Philosophical Review 75. 281–283.10.2307/2183143Suche in Google Scholar
Drew, A, G Baird, E Taylor, E Milne & T. Charman. 2007. The social communication assessment for toddlers with autism (SCATA). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 37(4). 648–666.10.1007/s10803-006-0224-9Suche in Google Scholar
Duffau, Hugues, Sylvie Moritz-Gasser & Emmanuel Mandonnet. 2014. A re-examination of neural basis of language processing. Brain & Language 131. 1–10.10.1016/j.bandl.2013.05.011Suche in Google Scholar
Durrleman, Stephanie & Hélène Delage. 2016. Autism spectrum disorder and specific language impairment: Overlaps in syntactic profiles. Language Acquisition doi:10.1080/10489223.2016.1179741.Suche in Google Scholar
Eigsti, Inge-Marie, Loisa Bennetto & Mamta B. Dadlani. 2007. Beyond pragmatics: Morphosyntactic development in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 37. 107–123.10.1007/s10803-006-0239-2Suche in Google Scholar
Ellis, Shannon, Rebecca Panitch, Andrew West & Dan Arking. 2016. Transcriptome analysis of cortical tissue reveals shared sets of downregulated genes in autism and schizophrenia. Translational Psychiatry 24(6). e817. doi:10.1038/tp.2016.87.Suche in Google Scholar
Eyler, L. et al., 2012. A failure of left temporal cortex to specialize for language is an early emerging and fundamental property of autism. Brain 135. 949–960.10.1093/brain/awr364Suche in Google Scholar
Fay, Warren & Adriana Schuler. 1980. Emerging language in autistic children. Baltimore: Edward Arnold.Suche in Google Scholar
Fedorenko, Evelina & Rosemary Varley. 2016. Language and thought are not the same thing: Evidence from neuroimaging and neurological patients. Annals of the New York Academic Sciences 1369. 132–153.10.1111/nyas.13046Suche in Google Scholar
Ferstl, Evelyn, Jane Neumann, Carsten Bogler & Yves von Cramon. 2008. The extended language network: A meta‑analysis of neuroimaging studies on text comprehension. Human Brain Mapping 29(5). 581‑593.10.1002/hbm.20422Suche in Google Scholar
Fitch, Tecumseh. 2005. The evolution of language: A comparative review. Biology and Philosophy 20. 193–230.10.1007/s10539-005-5597-1Suche in Google Scholar
Fitch, Tecumseh. 2010. The evolution of language. Cambridge: CUP.10.1017/CBO9780511817779Suche in Google Scholar
Fodor, J. A. 1975. The language of thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Freeman, Daniel. 2007. Suspicious minds: The psychology of persecutory delusions. Clinical Psychology Review 27(2007). 425–457.10.1016/j.cpr.2006.10.004Suche in Google Scholar
Frith, Christopher. 1992. The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Suche in Google Scholar
Frith, Uta. 2001. Mind blindness and the brain in autism. Neuron 32. 969–979.10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00552-9Suche in Google Scholar
Fuchs, Thomas. 2005. Delusional mood and delusional perception – a phonomenological analysis. Psychopathology 38. 133–139.10.1159/000085843Suche in Google Scholar
Gallistel, Charles. 2009. The foundational abstractions. In M. Piattelli-Palmarini, J. Uriagereka & P. Salaburu (eds.), Of minds and language, 58–73. Oxford: OUP.Suche in Google Scholar
Geurts, Hilde M. & Mariëtte Embrechts. 2008. Language profiles in ASD, SLI, and ADHD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 38(10). 1931–1943.10.1007/s10803-008-0587-1Suche in Google Scholar
Gliga, Teodora & Gergely Csibra. 2009. One-year-old infants appreciate the referential nature of deictic gestures and words. Psychological Science 20(3). 347–353.10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02295.xSuche in Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, Susan & Cynthia Butcher. 2003. Pointing toward two-word speech in young children. In S. Kita (ed.), Pointing: Where language, culture, and cognition meet, 85–107. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Suche in Google Scholar
Goodhart, Frances & Simon Baron-Cohen. 1993. How many ways can the point be made? Evidence from children with and without autism. First Language 13. 225–233.10.1177/014272379301303804Suche in Google Scholar
Happé, Francesca. 1995. Understanding minds and metaphors: Insights from the study of figurative language in autism. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity 10. 275–295.10.1207/s15327868ms1004_3Suche in Google Scholar
Happé, Francesca & Uta Frith. 2006. The weak coherence account: detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 36(1). 5–25.10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0Suche in Google Scholar
Harley, Heidi. 2014. On the identity of roots. Theoretical Linguistics 40(3–4). 225–276.10.1515/tl-2014-0010Suche in Google Scholar
Harvey, Philip. 1983. Speech competence in manic and schizophrenic psychoses: The association between clinically related thought disorder and cohesion and reference performance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 92. 368–377.10.1037/0021-843X.92.3.368Suche in Google Scholar
Heyes, Cecilia. 2014a. False belief in infancy: A fresh look. Developmental Science 17. 647–659.10.1111/desc.12148Suche in Google Scholar
Heyes, Cecilia. 2014b. Submentalizing: I am not really reading your mind. Perspectives Psychologist Sciences 9. 131–143.10.1177/1745691613518076Suche in Google Scholar
Heyes, Cecilia & Chris Frith. 2014. The cultural evolution of mind reading. Science 344(6190).10.1126/science.1243091Suche in Google Scholar
Hill, Elisabeth. 2004. Executive dysfunction in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8(1). 26–32.10.1016/j.tics.2003.11.003Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram. 2006. Mind design and minimal syntax. Oxford: OUP.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289257.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram. 2007. An essay on naming and truth. Oxford: OUP.Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram. 2012. The philosophical significance of Universal Grammar. Language Sciences 34(5). 635–649.10.1016/j.langsci.2012.03.005Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram. 2013. Narrow syntax and the language of thought. Philosophical Psychology 26(1). 1–23.10.1080/09515089.2011.627537Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram. 2014a. What is Un-Cartesian linguistics? Biolinguistics 8. 226–257.10.5964/bioling.8999Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram. 2014b. On the rationality of case. Language Sciences 46. 133–151.10.1016/j.langsci.2014.03.003Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram. 2015. Nothing is hidden: Contextualism and the grammar-meaning interface. Mind & Language 30(3). 259–291.10.1111/mila.12080Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram & Joana Rossello. 2015. The linguistics of schizophrenia: Thought disturbance as language pathology across positive symptoms. Frontiers Psychologist 6. 971. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00971.Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, W., J. Rossello, C. Morey, C. García-Gorro, E. Camara & R. de Diego-Balaguer. 2017. A systematic linguistic profile of spontaneous narrative speech in pre-symptomatic and early stage Huntington’s disease. Cortex, in press.10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.022Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram & Kristen Schroeder. 2015. Is ‘the first person’ a linguistic concept essentially? Journal of Consciousness Studies 22. 149–179.Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram & Michelle Sheehan. 2013. The philosophy of universal grammar. Oxford: OUP.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654833.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram, Michelle Sheehan & Ulrich Reichard. 2014. Intensionality, grammar, and the sententialist hypothesis. In P. Kosta, S. Franks, T. Radeva-Bork & L. Schuerks (eds.), Minimalism and beyond, 315–349. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/lfab.11.13hinSuche in Google Scholar
Hinzen, Wolfram, Joana Rossello & Peter McKenna. 2016b. Can delusions be understood linguistically?. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry doi:10.1080/13546805.2016.1190703.Suche in Google Scholar
Hobson, Peter, Rosa Garcıa-Perez & Anthony Lee. 2010. Person-Centred (Deictic) Expressions and Autism. Journal Autism Developments Disorders 40. 403–415.10.1007/s10803-009-0882-5Suche in Google Scholar
Hobson, Peter & Jessica Meyer. 2005. Foundations for self and other: A study in autism. Developmental Science 8. 481–491.10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00439.xSuche in Google Scholar
Hughes, Claire, James Russell & Trevor Robbins. 1994. Evidence for executive dysfunction in autism. Neuropsychologia 32. 477–492.10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2Suche in Google Scholar
Iverson, Jana & Susan Goldin-Meadow. 2005. Gesture paves the way for language development. Psychological Science 16(5). 367–371.10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01542.xSuche in Google Scholar
Jackendoff, Ray. 2002. Foundations of language. Oxford: OUP.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198270126.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Jarrold, Christopher, Jill Boucher & James Russell. 1997. Language profiles in children with autism: Theoretical and methodological implications. Autism 1. 57–76.10.1177/1362361397011007Suche in Google Scholar
Jordan, Rita. 1989. An experimental comparison of the understanding and use of speaker-addressee personal pronouns in autistic children. British Journal of Disorders of Communication 24. 169–179.10.3109/13682828909011954Suche in Google Scholar
Jung, Carl Gustav. 1919. Studies in word association, Tr. by M. D. Eder. New York: Moffat, Yard and Company.Suche in Google Scholar
Just, Marcel, Vladimir Cherkassky, Timothy Keller & Nancy Minshew. 2004. Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence comprehension in high-functioning autism: Evidence of underconnectivity. Brain 127. 1811–1821.10.1093/brain/awh199Suche in Google Scholar
Kanner, Leo. 1943. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child 2. 217–250.Suche in Google Scholar
Kanner, Leo. 1946. Irrelevant and metaphorical language in early infantile autism. American Journal of Psychiatry 103. 242–246.10.1176/ajp.103.2.242Suche in Google Scholar
Kaplan, David. 1977. Demonstratives: An essay on the semantics, logic, metaphysics, and epistemology of demonstratives and other indexicals. Mimeographed, UCLA Philosophy Department. Repr. In J. Almog, J. Perry & H. Wettstein (eds.), 1989, Themes from Kaplan, 481–563. New York: Oxford University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Kapur, Shitij. 2003. Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: A framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 160. 13–23.10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.13Suche in Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, Annette, Gaia Scerif & Daniel Ansari. 2003. Double dissociations in developmental disorders? Theoretically misconceived, empirically dubious. Cortex 39. 161–163.10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70091-1Suche in Google Scholar
Klin, Ami. 1991. Young autistic children’s listening preferences in regards to speech. Journal Autism Developmental Disorders 21. 29–42.10.1007/BF02206995Suche in Google Scholar
Kovács, Ágnes, T. Tauzin, E. Téglás, G. Gergely & G. Csibra. 2014. Pointing as epistemic request: 12-month-olds point to receive new information. Infancy 19(6). 543–557.10.1111/infa.12060Suche in Google Scholar
Kujala, Teija, Tuulia Lepistö & Risto Näätänen. 2013. The neural basis of aberrant speech and audition in autism spectrum disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 37. 697–704.10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.006Suche in Google Scholar
Kuperberg, Gina. 2010. Language in schizophrenia Part 2. Language and Linguistics Compass 4(8). 590–604.10.1111/j.1749-818X.2010.00217.xSuche in Google Scholar
Kuperberg, Gina, Philip McGuire & Anthony David. 1998. Reduced sensitivity to linguistic context in schizophrenic thought disorder: Evidence from online monitoring for words in linguistically-anomalous sentences. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 107. 423–434.10.1037/0021-843X.107.3.423Suche in Google Scholar
Ladusaw, William. 1994. Thetic and categorical, stage and individual, weak and strong. Semantics and Linguistic Theory 4. 220–229.10.3765/salt.v4i0.2463Suche in Google Scholar
Laing, Emma, G Butterworth, D Ansari, et al. 2002. Atypical development of language and social communication in toddlers with Williams syndrome. Developmental Science 5. 233–246.10.1111/1467-7687.00225Suche in Google Scholar
Laurys, S., F. Pellas, P. Van Eeckhout, S. Ghorbel, C. Schnakers, F. Perrin, J. Berre, M. Faymonville, K. Pantke, F Damas, M. Lamy, G. Moonen & S. Goldman. 2005. The locked-in syndrome: What is it like to be conscious but paralyzed and voiceless?. Progress in Brain Research 150. 495–511.10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50034-7Suche in Google Scholar
Lee, Anthony & Peter Hobson. 1994. I, you, me, and autism: An experimental study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 24(2). 155–176.10.1007/BF02172094Suche in Google Scholar
Lieberman, Philip. 2007. The evolution of human speech; Its anatomical and neural bases. Current Anthropology 48. 39–66.10.1086/509092Suche in Google Scholar
Lind, Sophie & Dermot Bowler. 2009. Language and theory of mind in autism spectrum disorder: The relationship between complement syntax and false belief task performance. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 39(6). 929–937.10.1007/s10803-009-0702-ySuche in Google Scholar
Lohmann, Heidemarie & Michael Tomasello. 2003. The role of language in the development of false belief understanding: A training study. Child Development 74(4). 1130–1144.10.1111/1467-8624.00597Suche in Google Scholar
Longobardi, Giuseppe. 1994. Reference and proper names. Linguistic Inquiry 25(4). 609–665.Suche in Google Scholar
Longobardi, Giuseppe. 2005. Towards a unified grammar of reference. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 24. 5–44.10.1515/zfsw.2005.24.1.5Suche in Google Scholar
Maher, Brendan. 1972. The language of schizophrenia: A review and interpretation. British Journal of Psychiatry 120. 3–17.10.1192/bjp.120.554.3Suche in Google Scholar
Maljaars, J., I. Noens, R. Jansen, E. Scholte & I. van Berckelaer-Onnes. 2011. Intentional communication in nonverbal and verbal low-functioning children with autism. Journal of Communication Disorders 44. 601–614.10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.07.004Suche in Google Scholar
Maljaars, Jarymke, Ilse Noens, Evert Scholte & Ina van Berckelaer-Onnes. 2012. Level of sense-making in children with autistic disorder and intellectual disability: Patterns of delay and deviance in development. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 6. 806–814.10.1016/j.rasd.2011.10.006Suche in Google Scholar
Mampe, Birgit, Angela Friederici, Anne Christophe & Kathleen Wermke. 2009. Newborns’ cry melody is shaped by their native language. Current Biology 19. 1994–1997.10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.064Suche in Google Scholar
Marno, H., T. Farroni, Y. Vidal Dos Santos, M. Ekramnia, M. Nespor & J. Mehler. 2015. Can you see what I am talking about. Human speech triggers referential expectations in four-month-old infants. Nature Scientific Reports 5. 13594.10.1038/srep13594Suche in Google Scholar
Martin, Txuss & Wolfram Hinzen. 2014. The grammar of essential indexicality. Lingua 148. 95–117.10.1016/j.lingua.2014.05.016Suche in Google Scholar
Mattos, Otávio & Wolfram Hinzen. 2015. The linguistic roots of natural pedagogy. Frontiers in Psychology 6(1424). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01424.Suche in Google Scholar
McKenna, Peter & Tomasina Oh. 2005. Schizophrenic speech. Cambridge: CUP.Suche in Google Scholar
McNally, Louise & Veerle Van Geenhoven. 1998. Redefining the weak/strong distinction. Paper presented at the 1997 Colloque de Syntaxe et Semantique a Paris.Suche in Google Scholar
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1964. The visible and the invisible, followed by working notes, tr. by A. Lingis. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1968.Suche in Google Scholar
Mervis, Carolyn & Angela Becerra. 2007. Language and communicative development in Williams syndrome. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 13. 3–15.10.1002/mrdd.20140Suche in Google Scholar
Mills, BD, J Lai, TT Brown, M Erhart, E Halgren, J Reilly, A Dale, M Appelbaum & P. Moses. 2013. White matter microstructure correlates of narrative production in typically developing children and children with high functioning autism. Neuropsychologia 51(10). 1933–1941.10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.06.012Suche in Google Scholar
Mizuno, A., Y. Liu, D. Williams, T. Keller, N. Minshew & M. Just. 2011. The neural basis of deictic shifting in linguistic perspective-taking in high-functioning autism. Brain 134. 2422–2435.10.1093/brain/awr151Suche in Google Scholar
Modyanova, Nadezhda. 2009. Semantic and pragmatic language development in typical acquisition, autism spectrum disorders, and williams syndrome with reference to developmental neurogenetics of the latter. Massachusetts Institute of Technology PhD thesis.Suche in Google Scholar
Mohr, Bettina, Friedemann Pulvermüller & Eran Zaidel. 1994. Lexical decision after left, right and bilateral presentation of function words, content words and non-words: Evidence for interhemispheric interaction. Neuropsychologia 32. 105–124.10.1016/0028-3932(94)90073-6Suche in Google Scholar
Morice, Rodney & John Ingram. 1982. Language analysis in schizophrenia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 16. 11–21.10.3109/00048678209161186Suche in Google Scholar
Morice, Rodney & Don McNicol. 1986. Language changes in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 12(2). 239–251.10.1093/schbul/12.2.239Suche in Google Scholar
Moseley, RL, MM Correia, S Baron-Cohen, Y Shtyrov, F. Pulvermüller & B. Mohr. 2016. Reduced volume of the arcuate fasciculus in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum conditions. Frontiers Human Neuroscience 10. 214. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00214.Suche in Google Scholar
Mottron, L., M. Dawson, I. Soulieres, B. Hubert & J. Burack. 2006. Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: An update, and eight principles of autistic perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 36(1). 27–43.10.1007/s10803-005-0040-7Suche in Google Scholar
Moya, Josep. 1989. Análisis del discurso esquizofrénico. Universitat de Barcelona PhD Thesis.Suche in Google Scholar
Mueller, F. Max. 1887. The science of thought. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.10.1037/13014-000Suche in Google Scholar
Mundy, Peter 2016. Autism and joint attention. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Mundy, Peter, Marian Sigman & Connie Kasari. 1990. A longitudinal study of joint attention and language development in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 20(1). 115–128.10.1007/BF02206861Suche in Google Scholar
Norbury, Courtenay F., Tracey Gemmel, & Rhea Paul. 2013. Pragmatic abilities in narrative production: A cross-disorder comparison. Journal of Child Language, 41, 485–510.10.1017/S030500091300007XSuche in Google Scholar
Norbury, Courtenay F, Tracey Gemmell & Rhea Paul. 2014. Pragmatics abilities in narrative production: A cross-disorder comparison. Journal of Child Language 41(3). 1–26.10.1017/S030500091300007XSuche in Google Scholar
Norrelgen, F., E. Fernell, M. Eriksson, Å. Hedvall, C. Persson, M. Sjölin, C. Gillberg & L. Kjellmer. 2015. Children with autism spectrum disorders who do not develop phrase speech in the preschool years. Autism 19(8). 934–943.10.1177/1362361314556782Suche in Google Scholar
Noterdaeme, Michele, Elke Wriedt & Christian Höhne. 2010. Asperger’s syndrome and high-functioning autism: Language, motor and cognitive profiles. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 19(6). 475–481.10.1007/s00787-009-0057-0Suche in Google Scholar
Oh, Tomasina M., Rosaleen A. McCarthy and Peter McKenna. 2002. Is there a schizophasia? Neurocase 8. 233–244.10.1093/neucas/8.3.233Suche in Google Scholar
Özçalışkan, Şeydan & Susan Goldin-Meadow. 2009. When gesture-speech combinations do and do not index linguistic change. Language and Cognitive Processes 24(2). 190–217.10.1080/01690960801956911Suche in Google Scholar
Ozonoff, Sally, Bruce Pennington & Sally Rogers. 1991. Executive function deficits in high-functioning autistic individuals: Relationship to theory of mind. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 32. 1081–1105.10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.xSuche in Google Scholar
Paul, Rhea, K. Chawarska, D. Cicchetti, F. Volkmar & M. Rice. 2008. Language outcomes in toddlers with autism: A two year follow up. Autism Research 1. 97–107.10.1002/aur.12Suche in Google Scholar
Paynter, Jessica & Candida Peterson. 2010. Language and ToM development in autism versus Asperger syndrome: Contrasting influences of syntactic versus lexical/semantic maturity. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 4. 377–385.10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.005Suche in Google Scholar
Pekkala, S., D. Wiener, J. J.J. Himali, A. S. Beiser, L. K. Obler, Y. Liu, A. McKee, S. Auerbach, S. Seshadri, P. A. Wolf & R. Au. 2013. Lexical retrieval in discourse: An early indicator of Alzheimer’s dementia. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 27(12). 905–921.10.3109/02699206.2013.815278Suche in Google Scholar
Penn, Derek, Keith Holyoak & Daniel Povinelli. 2008. Darwin’s mistake: Explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31. 109–178.10.1017/S0140525X08003543Suche in Google Scholar
Peppé Susan et al. 2007. Receptive and expressive prosodic ability in children with high-functioning autism. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 50(4). 1015–1028.10.1044/1092-4388(2007/071)Suche in Google Scholar
Perry, John. 2000. The problem of the essential indexical and other essays. Stanford: CSLI Publications.Suche in Google Scholar
Pinker, Steven. 1994. The language instinct. London: Penguin.10.1037/e412952005-009Suche in Google Scholar
Plaisted, Kate. 2001. Reduced generalisation in autism: An alternative to weak central coherence. In J. Burack, A. Charman, N. Yirmiya & P.R. Zelazo (eds.), Development and autism, 149–169. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Suche in Google Scholar
Price, Cathy. 2000. The anatomy of language: Contributions from functional neuroimaging. Journal Anatomic 197. 335–359.10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19730335.xSuche in Google Scholar
Progovac, Ljiljana. 2015. Evolutionary Syntax. Oxford: OUP.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198736547.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Qureshi, Adam, Ian Apperly & Dana Samson. 2010. Executive function is necessary for perspective selection, not Level-1 visual perspective calculation: Evidence from a dual-task study of adults. Cognition 117. 230–236.10.1016/j.cognition.2010.08.003Suche in Google Scholar
Radulescu, Eugenia. & H. D. Critchley. 2013. Abnormalities in fronto-striatal connectivity within language networks relate to differences in grey-matter heterogeneity in Asperger syndrome. NeuroImage: Clinical 2. 716–726.10.1016/j.nicl.2013.05.010Suche in Google Scholar
Raichle, M. E., M. MacLeod, Z. Snyder, W. J. Powers, D. Gusnard & G. L. Shulman. 2001. A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98(2). 676–682.10.1073/pnas.98.2.676Suche in Google Scholar
Reichenberg, Abraham. 2010. The assessment of neuropsychological functioning in schizophrenia. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 12. 383–392.10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.3/areichenbergSuche in Google Scholar
Reichenberg, A., P. D. Harvey, C. R. Bowie, R. Mojtabai, J. Rabinowitz, R. K. Heaton & E. Bromet. 2009. Neuropsychological function and dysfunction in schizophrenia and psychotic affective disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin 35(5). 1022–1029.10.1093/schbul/sbn044Suche in Google Scholar
Rochester, Sherry & James Martin. 1979. Crazy talk. New York: Plenum Press.10.1007/978-1-4615-9119-1Suche in Google Scholar
Rutter, Michael. 1970. Autistic children: Infancy to adulthood. Seminars in Psychiatry 2, 435–450.Suche in Google Scholar
Schlenker, Philippe, Emmanuel Chemla, Kate Arnold & Klaus Zuberbühler. 2016. Pyow-Hack revisited: Two analyses of putty-nosed monkey alarm calls. Lingua 171. 1–23.10.1016/j.lingua.2015.10.002Suche in Google Scholar
Schneider, Kurt. 1959. Clinical psychopathology. New York: Grune & Stratton.Suche in Google Scholar
Sheehan, Michelle & Wolfram Hinzen. 2011. Moving towards the edge. Linguistic Analysis 3(3–4). 405–458.Suche in Google Scholar
Shield, Aaaron, Richard Meier & Helen Tager-Flusberg. 2015. The use of sign language pronouns by native-signing children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 45. 2128–2145.10.1007/s10803-015-2377-xSuche in Google Scholar
Sprong, M., P. Schothorst, E. Vos, J. Hox & H. Van Engeland. 2007. Theory of mind in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry 191. 5–13.10.1192/bjp.bp.107.035899Suche in Google Scholar
Stigler, K. A., B. C. McDonald, A. Anand, A. J. Saykinc & C. J. McDougle. 2011. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging of autism spectrum disorders. Brain Research 1380. 146–161.10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.076Suche in Google Scholar
Suh, J., I.-M. Eigsti, L. Naigles, M. Barton, E. Kelley & D. Fein. 2014. Narrative performance of optimal outcome children and adolescents with a history of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 44. 1681–1694.10.1007/s10803-014-2042-9Suche in Google Scholar
Suzuki, Toshitaka, David Wheatcroft & Michael Griesser. 2016. Experimental evidence for compositional syntax in bird calls. Nature Communications 7. 1–7.10.1038/ncomms10986Suche in Google Scholar
Tager-Flusberg, Helen. 2000. Language and understanding minds: connections in autism. In S. Baron-Cohen, H. Tager-Flusberg, & D. J. Cohen (eds.), Understanding other minds: Perspectives from developmental cognitive neuroscience (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Tager-Flusberg, Helen & Robert Joseph. 2003. Identifying neurocognitive phenotypes in autism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 358. 303–314.10.1098/rstb.2002.1198Suche in Google Scholar
Tager-Flusberg, Helen & Robert M. Joseph. 2005. How language facilitates the acquisition of false-belief understanding in children with autism. In J. W. Astington & J. A. Baird (eds.), Why language matters for theory of mind, 298–318. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195159912.003.0014Suche in Google Scholar
Tager-Flusberg, Helen & Connie Kasari. 2013. Minimally verbal school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder: The neglected end of the spectrum. Autism Research 6(6). doi:10.1002/aur.1329.Suche in Google Scholar
Tattersall, Ian. 2008. The world from beginnings to 4000BCE. Oxford: OUP.Suche in Google Scholar
Tempelmann, Sebastian, JJuliane Kaminski & Katja Liebal. 2013. When apes point the finger. Interaction Studies 14(1). 7–23.10.1075/is.14.1.02temSuche in Google Scholar
Titone, Debra, Maya Libben, Meg Niman, Larissa Ranbom, and Deborah L. Levy. 2007. Conceptual combination in schizophrenia. Journal of Neurolinguistics 20. 92–110.10.1016/j.jneuroling.2006.06.002Suche in Google Scholar
Tomasello, Michael. 2008. The origins of human communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/7551.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Turken, And & Nina Dronkers. 2011. The neural architecture of the language comprehension network. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 5. 1.10.3389/fnsys.2011.00001Suche in Google Scholar
Uhlhaas, Peter & Aaaron Mishara. 2007. Perceptual Anomalies in Schizophrenia: Integrating Phenomenology and Cognitive Neuroscience. Schizophrenia Bulletin 33(1). 142–156.10.1093/schbul/sbl047Suche in Google Scholar
Varley, Rosemary. 2014. Reason without much language. Language Sciences 46. 232–244.10.1016/j.langsci.2014.06.012Suche in Google Scholar
Vassal, F, F Schneider, C Boutet, B Jean, A Sontheimer & J-J Lemaire. 2016. Combined DTI tractography and functional MRI study of the language connectome in healthy volunteers. PLoS ONE 11(3). e0152614. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152614.Suche in Google Scholar
Ventura, Joseph, Rachel Wood & Gerhard Hellemann. 2013. Symptom domains and neurocognitive functioning can help differentiate social cognitive processes in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 39. 102–111.10.1093/schbul/sbr067Suche in Google Scholar
Verly, M., J. Verhoeven, I. Zink, D. Mantini, L. Van Oudenhove, L. Lagae, S. Sunaert & N. Rommel. 2014. Structural and functional underconnectivity as a negative predictor for language in autism. Human Brain Mapping 35. 3602–3615.10.1002/hbm.22424Suche in Google Scholar
Vouloumanos, Athena & Suzanne Curtin. 2014. Foundational tuning: How infants’ attention to speech predicts language development. Cognitive Science 38. 1675–1686.10.1111/cogs.12128Suche in Google Scholar
Vouloumanos, Athena, Alia Martin & Kristine Onishi. 2014. Do 6-month-olds understand that speech can communicate?. Developmental Science 17(6). 872–879.10.1111/desc.12170Suche in Google Scholar
Vouloumanos, Athena & Sandra Waxman. 2014. Listen up! Speech is for thinking during infancy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 18(6). 642–646.10.1016/j.tics.2014.10.001Suche in Google Scholar
Vouloumanos, Athena & Janet Werker. 2007. Listening to language at birth: Evidence for a bias for speech in neonates. Developmental Science 10(2). 159–171.10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00549.xSuche in Google Scholar
Walston, Florence, Richard Blennerhassett & Bruce Charlton. 2000. ‘Theory of mind’, persecutory delusions and the somatic marker mechanism. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 5. 161–174.10.1080/13546800050083511Suche in Google Scholar
Williams, David & Francesca Happé. 2009. What did I say? Versus what did I think? Attributing false beliefs to self amongst children with and without autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 39. 865–873.10.1007/s10803-009-0695-6Suche in Google Scholar
Wolff, Phillip & Kevin Holmes. 2011. Linguistic relativity. Wire 2, May/June 2011. 253–265.10.1002/wcs.104Suche in Google Scholar
Zimmerer, Vitor, Felicity Deamer, Rosemary Varley & Wolfram Hinzen. 2016. Comprehension of factive and non-factive embedding in aphasia and its relationship with lexical, syntactic and conceptual capacities. Cognition submitted.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reference Across Pathologies: A New Linguistic Lens on Disorders of Thought
- Comments
- Is the Generative Conception of Language Cartesian?
- Finding Signatures of Linguistic Reasoning
- Do Grammatical and Cognitive Phenotypes Illuminate Each Other? Reflections on Un-Cartesian Linguistics and the Language-ToM Interface
- Hinzen’s Un-Cartesian Linguistics
- Beyond English Sentences
- Hinzen on Grammatical Reference
- Reply
- What Language Is
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reference Across Pathologies: A New Linguistic Lens on Disorders of Thought
- Comments
- Is the Generative Conception of Language Cartesian?
- Finding Signatures of Linguistic Reasoning
- Do Grammatical and Cognitive Phenotypes Illuminate Each Other? Reflections on Un-Cartesian Linguistics and the Language-ToM Interface
- Hinzen’s Un-Cartesian Linguistics
- Beyond English Sentences
- Hinzen on Grammatical Reference
- Reply
- What Language Is