Passive movement characteristics analysis and collision risk assessment of floating ring seals of aero-engine
-
Tingxun Hu
,
Wangqun Deng
,
Zhenhuan Tang
Abstract
Research on floating ring seals of an Aero-engine, the equivalent analysis model of the dynamic characteristics was established which considering the dynamic response of the rotor, the sealing clearance, the gas buoyancy of the main sealing surface and the elasticity of the wave spring. Minimum radial distance between the graphite ring component and the rotating ring was evaluated. The results showed that the minimum radial distance of the high-pressure side of the two-stage floating ring seal was 0.027 mm, the minimum radial distance of the low-pressure side of the two-stage floating ring seal was 0.164 mm, and the minimum radial distance of the single-stage floating ring seal was 0.026 mm. The influence of friction coefficient of auxiliary sealing surface, processing error and assembly error of wave spring on the passive movement characteristics of floating ring seal was analyzed.The results showed that the risk of collision between the floating ring seal and the rotating ring was controllable when the auxiliary sealing surface of the floating ring seal has good machining accuracy and lubrication condition.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study, or their legal guardians or wards.
-
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: All other authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: This study is supported by the Technology Innovation Platform Project of AECC (No. CXPT-2023-023), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52375077).
-
Data availability: The datasets presented in this article are not readily available due to technical limitations.
Nomenclature (SI Units)
- p 0
-
pressure on the graphite ring and the outer ring (Pa)
- p 1
-
equivalent pressure of the graphite ring (Pa)
- p 2
-
equivalent pressure of the outer ring (Pa)
- L 1
-
width of the graphite ring (m)
- L 2
-
width of the outer ring (m)
- L
-
contact width between the graphite ring and the outer ring (m)
- ρ
-
radial coordinate (m)
- z
-
axial coordinate (m)
- σ ρ
-
radial stress (Pa)
- σ z
-
axial normal stress (Pa)
- σ φ
-
circumferential normal stress (Pa)
- τ zρ
-
radial shear stress (Pa)
- τ ρz
-
axial shear stress (Pa)
- f ρ
-
radial force (N)
- f z
-
axial force (N)
- ε ρ
-
radial linear strain
- ε φ
-
circumferential linear strain
- ε z
-
axial linear strain
- u ρ
-
radial displacement (m)
- w
-
axial displacement (m)
- E
-
pressure on the graphite ring and the outer ring (N)
- μ
-
Poisson’s ratio
- d 2
-
outer diameter of graphite ring (m)
- E 1
-
elastic modulus of graphite ring (Pa)
- μ 1
-
Poisson’s ratio of graphite ring
- E 2
-
elastic modulus of outer ring (Pa)
- μ 2
-
Poisson’s ratio of outer ring
- σ r1
-
equivalent circumferential stress at the outer diameter of the graphite ring (Pa)
- σ θ1
-
equivalent radial stress at the outer diameter of the graphite ring (Pa)
- σ z1
-
equivalent axial stress at the outer diameter of the graphite ring (Pa)
- σ r2
-
equivalent circumferential stress at the inner diameter of the outer ring (Pa)
- σ θ2
-
equivalent radial stress at the inner diameter of the outer ring (Pa)
- σ z2
-
equivalent axial stress at the inner diameter of the outer ring (Pa)
- δ c
-
initial magnitude of interference (m)
- α w
-
linear expansion coefficient of outer ring (/K)
- α s
-
linear expansion coefficient of graphite ring (/K)
- ΔT
-
temperature difference (K)
- δ s
-
radial displacement of the graphite ring (m)
- δ w
-
radial displacement of the outer ring (m)
- δ 0
-
magnitude of interference (m)
- p 0
-
equivalent pressure (Pa)
- p z
-
installation force (N)
- ε
-
eccentricity
- r max
-
maximum distance from the graphite ring component to the outer ring (m)
- r min
-
minimum distance from the graphite ring component to the outer ring (m)
- D s
-
diameter of graphite ring component (m)
- D z
-
outer diameter of outer ring (m)
References
1. Choi, CH, Noh, JG, Kim, DJ, Hong, SS, Kim, JH. Effects of floating-ring seal clearance on the performance of the pump. KSFM J Fluid Mach 2007;10:38–43.10.5293/KFMA.2007.10.6.038Suche in Google Scholar
2. Mariot, A, Arghir, M, Helies, P, Dehouve, J. Experimental analysis of floating ring annular seals and comparisons with theoretical predictions. Eng Gas Turb Power 2016;138. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4031347. 042503-1-9.Suche in Google Scholar
3. Arghir, M, Nguyen, MH, Tonon, D, Dehouve, J. Analytic modeling of floating ring annular seals. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 2011;134:577–86. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4004728.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Xia, P, Liu, ZS. Effects of structure elasticity on leakage and rotordynamic coefficients of floating ring seals. J Propuls Technol 2017;38:2815–21.Suche in Google Scholar
5. Xia, P, Chen, H, Liu, Z, Ma, W, Yang, B. Analysis of whirling motion for the dynamic system of floating ring seal and rotor. J Eng Tribol (Part J) 2019;233:15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350650119829374.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Xia, P, Liu, Z, Yan, J, Zhang, G. Lock-up characteristics of floating ring seals considering rotor whirling motion. Proc IME J J Eng Tribol 2018;232:437–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350650117718657.Suche in Google Scholar
7. Mariot, A, Arghir, M, Hélies, P, Dehouve, J. Experimental analysis of floating ring annular seals and comparisons with theoretical predictions. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 2015;138:042503.10.1115/1.4031347Suche in Google Scholar
8. Li, GQ, Zhang, Q, Huang, EL, LEI, Z, WU, H, XU, G. Leakage performance of floating ring seal in cold/hot state for aero-engine. Chin J Aeronaut 2019;32:2085–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2019.03.004.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Jiang, J, Sun, D, Zhao, H, Wang, S, Hu, HT, Chang, C. Numerical study on mechanical properties of floating ring seal based on fluid-solid thermal coupling. Lubr Eng 2023;48:30–9.Suche in Google Scholar
10. Ma, G, Xi, P, Shen, XM, Hu, GY. Analysis of quasi-dynamic characteristics of compliant floating ring gas cylinder seal. J Aero Power 2010;1190–6.Suche in Google Scholar
11. Chen, Z, Gao, CY, Fan, WC, Ji, H. Simu-lation of flow field in a floating ring seal and modification of its leakage rate expression. J Sichuan Univ (Eng Sci Ed) 2016;1:208–14.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Wang, S, Ding, X, Ning, L, Ding, JH, Zhang, LX. Orientation effect on sealing characteristics of rectangular micro-textured floating ring gas film. J Beijing Univ Aeronaut Astronaut 2025;51:845–56.Suche in Google Scholar
13. Bae, J, Kwak, H, Heo, S, Choi, CH, Choi, JS. Numerical and experimental study of nose for lox floating ring seal in turbopump. Aerospace 2022;9:667.10.3390/aerospace9110667Suche in Google Scholar
14. Jiao, W, Junyu, Z, Yuehao, Z. Contact characteristics of floating oil seal considering initial installation deformation of o - ring. Lubr Eng 2022;47:0254–150.Suche in Google Scholar
15. Qi, Z, Xiao, YE. Effects of cavitation on flow characteristics and sealing properties of cryogenic floating ring seals. Lubr Eng 2022;47:0254–150.Suche in Google Scholar
16. Zhao, H, Guo, J, Sun, D, Zhou, M, Jiang, JY, Wang, P. Study on adaptive concentric performance of floating self-concentric seals. J Mech Sci Technol 2022;5:36.10.1007/s12206-022-0401-6Suche in Google Scholar
17. Hu, TX, Zhou, K, Wang, XY, Li, N, Zhou, HY. Numerical calculation and experiment on leakage char-acteristics of floating ring seal. J Aero Power 2020;4:888–96.Suche in Google Scholar
18. Hu, TX, Wang, XY, Zhou, K, Li, QF, Zhou, HY. Effects of temperature on leakage characteristics of floating ring seal. J Propuls Technol 2022;4:200846.Suche in Google Scholar
19. Hu, TX, Deng, WQ, Tang, ZH. Analysis of leakage characteristics and structural optimization of two-stage floating ring seal. Int J Turbo Jet Engines 2025.10.1515/tjj-2025-0021Suche in Google Scholar
20. Li, N, Jiang, P, Weng, ZW, Lou, JL, Ma, LJ, Wang, ZJ, et al.. Experimental study on floating performance of floating ring seals used in aero engine. Lubr Eng 2020;45:143–8.Suche in Google Scholar
21. Hu, ZH, Sun, JF, Xu, Z, Yin, S, Liu, MH. Research on friction coefficient within cylindrical gas film seal. Lubr Eng 2025.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Zhang, Y, Hu, DG, Qiu, HT, Zhang, TH, Zhang, JT, Li, SX. Research on the influencing factors and laws of typical waveform spring elasticity in floating ring seals. Eng Mech 2025.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
