Simulation and analysis of the over-expanded flow field in asymmetric nozzles with lateral expansion
-
Zhenghe Wang
Abstract
Numerical simulations of a three-dimensional asymmetric nozzle with lateral expansion were carried out, focusing on the characteristics of the three-dimensional flow field in the over-expanded state and the influence of the sidewall surface profiles on the over-expanded flow field. The results show that the sidewall profiles cause the separation zones inside the nozzle to exhibit different shapes. The center separation bubble and the corner zone separation bubble are independent of each other in the lower wall surface confined shock wave separation mode. In the upper wall-constrained shock wave separation mode, the center separation bubble, the corner zone separation bubble, and the sidewall surface separation bubble are interconnected. Under the same drop pressure ratio, changes in the sidewall profile affect the shape and size of the separation zones, and the convex wall can slow the occurrence of separation to a certain extent.
Funding source: Chongqing Municipal Education Commission
Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned
Funding source: Special Project for Enhancing Discipline Basic Innovation Capability of ZUA
Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned
Funding source: Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project
Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned
Funding source: Supported by China Space Foundation Aerospace Propulsion Public Welfare Special Fund
Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
-
Research funding: This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant No. KJZD-M202100702), Special Project for Enhancing Discipline Basic Innovation Capability of ZUA (Grant No. XKZX24055), the Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project (No. 222102240017) and the China Space Foundation Aerospace Propulsion Public Welfare Special Fund (Grant No. KDJJ20230201006). The numerical calculations in this paper have been done on Hefei advanced computing centre.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Khandai, SC, Ezhilmaran, G, Devanandh, S, et al.. Design optimization of single expansion ramp nozzle using computational method. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 2020;912:022006.10.1088/1757-899X/912/2/022006Suche in Google Scholar
2. Lv, Z, Xu, J, Yu, K, et al.. Experimental and numerical investigations of a scramjet nozzle at various operations. Aero Sci Technol 2020;96:105536.10.1016/j.ast.2019.105536Suche in Google Scholar
3. Lv, Z, Xu, J, Mo, J. Study of the unsteady mode transition process for an over-under TBCC exhaust system. Acta Astronaut 2017;136:259–72.10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.03.020Suche in Google Scholar
4. Wang, Y, He, G, Qin, F, et al.. Research progress of rocket based combined Cycle engines. J Astronaut 2019;40:1125–33.Suche in Google Scholar
5. Edwards, C, Small, W, Weidner, J, Johnston, P. Studies of scramjet/airframe integration techniques for hypersonic aircraft. Pasadena: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 13th Aerospace Sciences Meeting; 1975:58 p.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Mirmirani, M, Wu, C, Clark, A, Choi, S. Modeling for control of a generic airbreathing hypersonic vehicle. San Fransisco: AIAA guidance, navigation, and control conference and exhibit; 2005:6256 p.10.2514/6.2005-6256Suche in Google Scholar
7. Yu, Y, Yu, T, Mao, Y, et al.. Key factors affecting overexpanded flow separation in design of large expansion ratio single expansion ramp nozzle. Aeronaut J 2024;1–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2024.70.Suche in Google Scholar
8. Zhou, L, Liu, Z, Wang, Z, et al.. Numerical study of passive cavity control on high-pressure ratio single expansion ramp nozzle under over-expansion condition. Proc Inst Mech Eng G J Aerosp Eng 2016;230:1409–22.10.1177/0954410015611152Suche in Google Scholar
9. Lv, Z, Xu, J, Mo, J. Numerical investigation of improving the performance of a single expansion ramp nozzle at off-design conditions by secondary injection. Acta Astronaut 2017;133:233–43.10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.01.013Suche in Google Scholar
10. Mousavi, SM, Pourabidi, R, Goshtasbi-Rad, E. Numerical investigation of over expanded flow behavior in a single expansion ramp nozzle. Acta Astronaut 2018;146:273–81.10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.03.003Suche in Google Scholar
11. Yu, Y, Xu, J, Mo, J, et al.. Principal parameters in flow separation patterns of over-expanded single expansion ramp nozzle. Eng Appl Comput Fluid Mech 2014;8:274–88.10.1080/19942060.2014.11015513Suche in Google Scholar
12. HE Chengjun, LI Jianqiang, Fan, Z. Flow separation unsteadiness in single expansion ramp nozzle. J Aero Power 2019;34:2339–46.10.1142/S0217979220401025Suche in Google Scholar
13. Nave, L, Coffey, G. Sea level side loads in high-area-ratio rocket engines. Las Vegas: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 9th Propulsion Conference; 1973:1284 p.10.2514/6.1973-1284Suche in Google Scholar
14. Verma, S, Sankar, M. Origin of flow asymmetry in planar nozzles with separation. Shock Waves 2014;24.10.1007/s00193-013-0492-1Suche in Google Scholar
15. Frey, M, Hagemann, G. Flow separation and side-loads in rocket nozzles. Los Angeles: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit; 1999:2815 p.10.2514/6.1999-2815Suche in Google Scholar
16. Haidn, O, Verma, S. Flow characteristics of overexpanded rocket nozzles. Int J Aero Innovat 2010;2:257–75.10.1260/1757-2258.2.4.259Suche in Google Scholar
17. Wang, Z, Wang, C, Tian, W. Study on separation characteristics of nozzles with large expansion ratio of solid rocket motors. Aerospace 2022;10:4.10.3390/aerospace10010004Suche in Google Scholar
18. Rao, GVR. Exhaust nozzle contour for optimum thrust. J Jet Propuls 1958;28:377–82.10.2514/8.7324Suche in Google Scholar
19. Ahlberg, JH, Hamilton, S, Migdal, D, et al.. Truncated perfect nozzles in optimum nozzle design. ARS J 1961;31:614–20.10.2514/8.5577Suche in Google Scholar
20. Niu, Y, XU Jinglei, MO Jianwei. Design and performance analysis of the three-dimensional asymmetric nozzle with lateral expansion. J Aero Power 2016;31:2717–22.Suche in Google Scholar
21. Niu, Y, XU Jinglei, MO Jianwei. Investigation of effects of lateral expansion on performance of single expansion ramp nozzle. J Propuls Technol 2017;38:519–24.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Lv, Z, Xu, J, Mo, J. Design of a three-dimensional scramjet nozzle considering lateral expansion and geometric constraints. Acta Astronaut 2017;141:172–82.10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.09.033Suche in Google Scholar
23. Handa, T, Masuda, M, Matsuo, K. Three-dimensional normal shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction in a rectangular duct. AIAA J 2005;43:2182-7.10.2514/1.12976Suche in Google Scholar
24. Xiang, X, Babinsky, H. Corner effects for oblique shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions in rectangular channels. J Fluid Mech 2019;862:1060–83.10.1017/jfm.2018.983Suche in Google Scholar
25. Burton, DMF, Babinsky, H. Corner separation effects for normal shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions in rectangular channels. J Fluid Mech 2012;707:287–306.10.1017/jfm.2012.279Suche in Google Scholar
26. Hunt, RL, Gamba, M. Shock train unsteadiness characteristics, oblique-to-normal transition, and three-dimensional leading shock structure. AIAA J 2018;56:1569–87.10.2514/1.J056344Suche in Google Scholar
27. Yu, Y. Over-expanded separation transitions of single expansion ramp nozzle in the accelerating and decelerating processes. Aero Sci Technol 2020;98:105674.10.1016/j.ast.2019.105674Suche in Google Scholar
28. Yu, T, Wu, X, Yu, Y, et al.. Establishment and validation of a relationship model between nozzle experiments and CFD results based on convolutional neural network. Aero Sci Technol 2023;142:108694.10.1016/j.ast.2023.108694Suche in Google Scholar
29. Yu, T, Yu, Y, Mao, Y, et al.. Comparative study of open FOAM solvers on separation pattern and separation pattern transition in overexpanded single expansion ramp nozzle. J Appl Fluid Mech 2023;16:2249–62.10.47176/jafm.16.11.1751Suche in Google Scholar
30. Wang, M, XU Jinglei, YU Yang, et al.. Numerical simulation and experimental validation of SERN separation with optimized turbulence model based on DOE method. J Propuls Technol 2014;35:289–95.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Simulation and analysis of the over-expanded flow field in asymmetric nozzles with lateral expansion
- Design optimization of a fluidic thrust vectoring system based on coanda effect using meta-models
- Research on vibration damping of integral squeeze film damper based on fan rotor tester of turbofan
- Influence of conical shaft stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of flexible rotor
- A novel design methodology for preventing dislocation in the Zig-zag shroud
- Numerical study of effect of the casing slot on the tip leakage vortex and vortex cavitation of a fuel pump
- Multi-parameter study on array-jets impingement with crossflow temperature effect
- Exploration of shock-induced flow dynamics and turbulence-driven combustion optimization in advanced cavity configurations of hydrogen fueled scramjet combustors
- A part-load performance analysis method for gas turbines based on the stage by stages model of the power turbine
- Effect of lip-thickness on rectangular nozzle co-flowing subsonic jet
- Numerical analysis of pollutant formation and exhaust emission in a short annular combustor under part load operation
- Analysis of leakage characteristics and structural optimization of two-stage floating ring seal
- Hypersonic boundary layer flow at an axisymmetric stagnation point on a blunt body
- Numerical simulations of a turbulent lifted hydrogen flame in vitiated coflow with flamelet generated manifold approach
- Optimization of labyrinth seal leakage with independently varied tooth parameters using efficient global optimization
- Investigations of modified cooling hole injection angle configurations for improved trench film cooling performance
- Influence of non-axisymmetric endwall profiling under incoming vortex on the corner separation of a diffusion cascade
- Impact of annular ribs in sudden expansion flow conditions to control base pressure
- Effect of preheated swirling multi-annular jets on mixing and flow characteristics in various expanded confinements
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Simulation and analysis of the over-expanded flow field in asymmetric nozzles with lateral expansion
- Design optimization of a fluidic thrust vectoring system based on coanda effect using meta-models
- Research on vibration damping of integral squeeze film damper based on fan rotor tester of turbofan
- Influence of conical shaft stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of flexible rotor
- A novel design methodology for preventing dislocation in the Zig-zag shroud
- Numerical study of effect of the casing slot on the tip leakage vortex and vortex cavitation of a fuel pump
- Multi-parameter study on array-jets impingement with crossflow temperature effect
- Exploration of shock-induced flow dynamics and turbulence-driven combustion optimization in advanced cavity configurations of hydrogen fueled scramjet combustors
- A part-load performance analysis method for gas turbines based on the stage by stages model of the power turbine
- Effect of lip-thickness on rectangular nozzle co-flowing subsonic jet
- Numerical analysis of pollutant formation and exhaust emission in a short annular combustor under part load operation
- Analysis of leakage characteristics and structural optimization of two-stage floating ring seal
- Hypersonic boundary layer flow at an axisymmetric stagnation point on a blunt body
- Numerical simulations of a turbulent lifted hydrogen flame in vitiated coflow with flamelet generated manifold approach
- Optimization of labyrinth seal leakage with independently varied tooth parameters using efficient global optimization
- Investigations of modified cooling hole injection angle configurations for improved trench film cooling performance
- Influence of non-axisymmetric endwall profiling under incoming vortex on the corner separation of a diffusion cascade
- Impact of annular ribs in sudden expansion flow conditions to control base pressure
- Effect of preheated swirling multi-annular jets on mixing and flow characteristics in various expanded confinements
