Surplus Power Approach to Diagnose Gas Turbine Engine Starting Characteristics
-
C. Jagadish Babu
Abstract
Successful starting is of utmost importance to any gas turbine engine. In order to ensure successful engine start, the concept of surplus power to accelerate the engine from rest to its idle speed has been proposed in this paper. The concept of surplus power is illustrated with starting data of different types of engines. The effect of variation in surplus power on engine acceleration characteristics has been brought out for in-depth understanding. Analysis of surplus power will provide invaluable information to designers and operators to address issues related to engine starting process. It is found that starting characteristics, i. e. speed vs. time is only a gross characteristic whereas acceleration characteristics dN/dt provides input for minute analysis in surplus power. It is also observed that in case of turbo-shaft engine with free power configuration, turbine is found to come into action much later after light-off whereas in turbo-prop and APU engines with single spool configuration, turbine comes into action immediately after light-off followed by rapid increase in EGT.
Nomenclature
- APU
-
Auxiliary Power Unit
- dN/dt
-
Engine acceleration (percentage of rpm change per second)
- GPU
-
Ground Power Unit
- I
-
Moment of Inertia
- ma, mg
-
Air mass flow rate, Gas flow rate
- P2/P1
-
Compressor pressure ratio
- rpm
-
Revolution per minutes
- τae
-
Aerodynamic Torque
- τc
-
Compressor Torque
- τs
-
Starter Torque
- τt
-
Turbine Torque
- τf
-
Frictional Torque
- τacc
-
Accessories Torque
- τaed
-
Aerodynamic drag Torque
- τE
-
Surplus Torque
- ∆T3–4
-
Temperature drop across turbine
- ∆T2–1
-
Temperature rise across compressor
- Wf
-
Fuel flow
- Wfd
-
Design fuel flow
References
1. Mishra RK, Kumar P, Jayasimha KS, Mistry SN. Qualification of a small gas turbine engine as a starter unit. International Journal of Turbo & Jet Engines, ISSN (Online) 2191-0332, ISSN (Print). 2017:0334-0082. DOI:10.1515/tjj-2017-0040.Search in Google Scholar
2. Treager IE. Aircraft gas turbine engine technology. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
3. Jagadish Babu C, Samuel MP, Davis A. Framework for development of comprehensive diagnostic tool for fault detection and diagnosis of gas turbine engines. Journal of Society for Aerospace Quality and Reliability. 2016;6:35–47.Search in Google Scholar
4. Jagadish Babu C, Samuel MP, Davis A. In-depth analysis of the starting process of gas turbine engines. In National Aerospace Propulsion Conference-2018, December 2018, Kharagpur, India.Search in Google Scholar
5. Walsh PP, Fletcher P. Gas turbine performance. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2004.10.1002/9780470774533Search in Google Scholar
6. Asgari H, Chen XQ, Sainudiin R, Morini M, Pinelli M, Spina PR, Venturini M. Modeling and simulation of the start-up operation of a heavy-duty gas turbine using NARX models. In Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2014, 16-20 June 2014, Düsseldorf, Germany10.1115/GT2014-25056Search in Google Scholar
7. Agrawal RK, Yunis M. A generalized mathematical model to estimate gas turbine starting characteristics. ASME, 81-GT-202.10.1115/81-GT-202Search in Google Scholar
8. Chapman JW, Andrew JH, Ten-Huei G, Jonathan SL. Extending the operational envelope of a turbofan engine simulation into the sub-idle region. AIAA–2016–1043, Scitech 2016, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 4–8, 201610.2514/6.2016-1043Search in Google Scholar
9. Menon S, Nwadiogbu EO. Fault detection and diagnosis in turbines using hidden markov models. In International Joint Power Generation Conference, 2003, ASME Turbo Expo 2003, Vol 1.10.1115/GT2003-38589Search in Google Scholar
10. Meher-Homji CB, Bargava R. Condition monitoring and diagnostic aspectsof gas turbine transient response. In The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 92-GT-100.Search in Google Scholar
11. Kim K, Onder U, Girija P, Dinkar M. Fault diagnosis of gas turbine engine LRUs using the startup characteristics. In published at Annual Conference of Prognostics and Health Management Society 2012.10.36001/phmconf.2012.v4i1.2129Search in Google Scholar
12. Cohen H, Rogers GFC, Saravanamuttoo HIH. Gas turbine theory, 5th ed. New Delhi: John Wiley & Sons, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd, Licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia, 2001.Search in Google Scholar
13. Boyce MP. Gas turbine engineering handbook, 2nd ed. Houston, TX: Gulf Professional Publishing, 2002.Search in Google Scholar
14. Antas S, Chmielniak T. Change of surge margin of a turboshaft engine compressor in manufacturing conditions. Int J Turbo Jet Engines. 2001;18:105–16. DOI:10.1515/TJJ.2001.18.2.105.Search in Google Scholar
15. Mishra RK, Kishore Kumar S, Chandel S. Lean blow-out studies in a Swirl stabilized annular gas turbine combustor. Int J Turbo Jet Engines. 2015;322:117–28. DOI:10.1515/tjj-2014-0018 2014.Search in Google Scholar
16. Kurz R, Brun K. Degradation in gas turbine systems. J Eng Gas Turbines Power Jan. 2001;123:70–7.10.1115/2000-GT-0345Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Research Articles
- Robust Fault Identification of Turbofan Engines Sensors Based on Fractional-Order Integral Sliding Mode Observer
- A new compilation method of general standard test load spectrum for aircraft engine
- Numerical Investigation on the Effects of Vortex Generator Locations on Film Cooling Performance
- The Effect of the Circumferential Position of Duct Hole on the Non-uniformity in the Axial Compressor
- Surplus Power Approach to Diagnose Gas Turbine Engine Starting Characteristics
- A Flow Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of A Single Radial Swirler Combustor
- Investigation on the Jet Stiffness Characteristics of a Novel Plasma Igniter
- Investigations of Combustor Inlet Swirl on the Liner Wall Temperature in an Aero Engine Combustor
- Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of the Composite Cooling Structure for Nickel-based Alloy Turbine Blade
- Experimental Study of Non-Premixed Flames of Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Air in Cross-Flow and the Effects of Fuel Properties on Flame Stability
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Research Articles
- Robust Fault Identification of Turbofan Engines Sensors Based on Fractional-Order Integral Sliding Mode Observer
- A new compilation method of general standard test load spectrum for aircraft engine
- Numerical Investigation on the Effects of Vortex Generator Locations on Film Cooling Performance
- The Effect of the Circumferential Position of Duct Hole on the Non-uniformity in the Axial Compressor
- Surplus Power Approach to Diagnose Gas Turbine Engine Starting Characteristics
- A Flow Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of A Single Radial Swirler Combustor
- Investigation on the Jet Stiffness Characteristics of a Novel Plasma Igniter
- Investigations of Combustor Inlet Swirl on the Liner Wall Temperature in an Aero Engine Combustor
- Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of the Composite Cooling Structure for Nickel-based Alloy Turbine Blade
- Experimental Study of Non-Premixed Flames of Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Air in Cross-Flow and the Effects of Fuel Properties on Flame Stability
