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Organizing Workers in “Hybrid Systems”: Comparing Trade Union Strategies in Four Countries — Austria, Germany, Israel and the Netherlands

  • Guy Mundlak
Published/Copyright: February 14, 2016
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Theoretical Inquiries in Law
From the journal Theoretical Inquiries in Law Volume 17 Issue 1

The freedom and right to associate carries distinct meanings in different systems of industrial relations, giving rise to distinct institutions. Where bargaining is based on grassroots association, rates of membership in trade unions and coverage of collective agreements are low. Where bargaining is actively endorsed by the state, high rates of membership are matched by considerable coverage. Over the last two decades, some countries, four of which are studied here, have gone through a process that I designate as hybridization, in which a gap emerges between a rapidly declining rate of membership and persistent relatively high level of coverage. The Article accounts for the growing gap between coverage and membership and its implications. On the basis of extensive interviews with trade union officials, organizers, works councils’ members, Labor Chamber representatives, academics and journalists in the four countries, the Article further seeks to document and explain new organizing practices at two levels. First, why do unions seek to organize, despite persistent power accorded to collective agreements by the state? Second, which strategies are used for current recruitment and organizing practices? The discussion highlights the ongoing tension that is folded in the meeting of institutions that are aimed at sustaining the centralized system of bargaining and social partnership, with the dynamics that are characteristic of raising membership levels. Some best practices that seek to address this tension are identified, but are also characterized as difficult to emulate and extend as a general practice

Published Online: 2016-2-14
Published in Print: 2016-2-1

© 2016 by Theoretical Inquiries in Law

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Theoretical Inquiries in Law
  2. Research Article
  3. Introduction: Labor Scholarship in an Era of Uncertainty
  4. Research Article
  5. Reframing the New Deal: The Past and Future of American Labor and the Law
  6. Research Article
  7. The Right Not to Have Rights: Posted Worker Acquiescence and the European Union Labor Rights Framework
  8. Research Article
  9. Organizing: Should the Employer Have a Say?
  10. Research Article
  11. Workplace Democracy and Democratic Worker Organizations: Notes on Worker Centers
  12. Research Article
  13. Organizing Workers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico: The Authoritarian-Corporatist Legacy and Old Institutional Designs in a New Context
  14. Research Article
  15. Organizing Workers in “Hybrid Systems”: Comparing Trade Union Strategies in Four Countries — Austria, Germany, Israel and the Netherlands
  16. Research Article
  17. Trade Union Ambivalence Toward Enforcement of Employment Standards as an Organizing Strategy
  18. Research Article
  19. Unionizing Subcontracted Labor
  20. Research Article
  21. The Untamed Politics of Urban Informality: “Gray Space” and Struggles for Recognition in an African City
  22. Research Article
  23. Informal Workers’ Aggregation and Law
  24. Research Article
  25. Active Industrial Citizenship of Domestic Workers: Lessons Learned from Unionizing Attempts in Israel and the United Kingdom
  26. Research Article
  27. Organizing in the Shadows: Domestic Workers in the Netherlands
https://doi.org/10.1515/til-2016-0007

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Theoretical Inquiries in Law
  2. Research Article
  3. Introduction: Labor Scholarship in an Era of Uncertainty
  4. Research Article
  5. Reframing the New Deal: The Past and Future of American Labor and the Law
  6. Research Article
  7. The Right Not to Have Rights: Posted Worker Acquiescence and the European Union Labor Rights Framework
  8. Research Article
  9. Organizing: Should the Employer Have a Say?
  10. Research Article
  11. Workplace Democracy and Democratic Worker Organizations: Notes on Worker Centers
  12. Research Article
  13. Organizing Workers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico: The Authoritarian-Corporatist Legacy and Old Institutional Designs in a New Context
  14. Research Article
  15. Organizing Workers in “Hybrid Systems”: Comparing Trade Union Strategies in Four Countries — Austria, Germany, Israel and the Netherlands
  16. Research Article
  17. Trade Union Ambivalence Toward Enforcement of Employment Standards as an Organizing Strategy
  18. Research Article
  19. Unionizing Subcontracted Labor
  20. Research Article
  21. The Untamed Politics of Urban Informality: “Gray Space” and Struggles for Recognition in an African City
  22. Research Article
  23. Informal Workers’ Aggregation and Law
  24. Research Article
  25. Active Industrial Citizenship of Domestic Workers: Lessons Learned from Unionizing Attempts in Israel and the United Kingdom
  26. Research Article
  27. Organizing in the Shadows: Domestic Workers in the Netherlands
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