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Metrological characterization of the thermomechanical influence of the cross-section of the undeformed chip on the surface properties in turning of the aluminum alloy EN AW-2017

  • Thomas Junge

    Thomas Junge holds M. Sc. from Chemnitz University of Technology. He is working on his PhD at the Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology. His research area is the in-process measurement of force, temperature and tool wear during machining for the surface conditioning of aluminum alloys.

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    , Thomas Mehner

    Thomas Mehner obtained his PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering at Chemnitz University of Technology. His main fields of research include X-ray diffraction as well as the relations between corrosion and microstructure.

    , Andreas Nestler

    Andreas Nestler obtained his PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chemnitz University of Technology. He is leader of the Teaching and Research Group Machining and Force-controlled Processes. His main research lies in machining of aluminium matrix composites.

    , Andreas Schubert

    Andreas Schubert obtained his PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering from Technische Universität Dresden. In 2003 he was appointed Professor for Micromanufacturing Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology. Furthermore, he is head of the Competence Center Micromanufacturing and Surface Technologies – KoMOT at Fraunhofer IWU in Chemnitz.

    and Thomas Lampke

    Thomas Lampke is the current holder of the chair of the Materials and Surface Engineering Group of Chemnitz University of Technology. Together with his staff members, he does research in the fields of chemical coating and electroplating, thermal spraying, electrolytic and plasma-electrolytic anodising, interface engineering in material joints and composites, corrosions and wear protection as well as materials modelling and simulation.

Published/Copyright: September 23, 2020

Abstract

The surface integrity strongly affects the performance properties of parts. Therefore, it is of great importance to be able to measure and adjust the surface-layer properties during the manufacturing process. In particular, cutting operations are characterized by high mechanical loads and temperature gradients in the area of chip formation. To enable a targeted control of the surface-layer properties, a fundamental comprehension of the interrelationships between the thermomechanical impact and the thereby induced material modification is required. Hence, the subject of this study is to measure the thermomechanical changes during turning of the aluminium alloy EN AW-2017 and find correlations thereof to the surface integrity. In order to achieve a large variation of the thermal and mechanical loads, the feed f (0.04 mm to 0.2 mm) and the depth of cut ap (0.4 mm to 2 mm) are varied over a wide range. The cutting speed vc is kept constant (300 m/min). For the in-process measurement of the temperatures and contact conditions at the interface of the tool and the specimen, a tool-workpiece thermocouple is used. Additionally, the components of the resultant force are measured by a dynamometer. The characterization of the surface layer is performed by the measurement of the residual stresses using X-ray diffraction and supplemented by the determination of the geometrical properties of the machined surface using a stylus measurement instrument. The results show an increase in temperature and the components of the resultant force with the enlargement of the cross-section of the undeformed chip. Due to the temperature gradient, tensile residual stresses are introduced in the tangential direction of the surface layer. Compressive residual stresses occur only in the axial direction and can be correlated with the in-process measurement data by introducing the C-value. Consequently, the calculation of the presence of compressive residual stresses allows for a targeted control of the surface-layer properties during machining.

Zusammenfassung

Die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit wirkt sich stark auf die Einsatzeigenschaften von Bauteilen aus. Daher ist es von großer Bedeutung, die Eigenschaften der Oberflächenrandschicht während des Fertigungsprozesses messen und einstellen zu können. Insbesondere Zerspanungsprozesse sind durch hohe mechanische Belastungen und Temperaturgradienten im Bereich der Spanbildung gekennzeichnet. Um die Randschichteigenschaften gezielt einstellen zu können, ist ein grundlegendes Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen dem thermomechanischen Einfluss und der dadurch induzierten Werkstoffveränderung erforderlich. Gegenstand dieser Studie ist es somit, die thermomechanischen Veränderungen beim Drehen der Aluminiumlegierung EN AW-2017 zu messen und Korrelationen zur daraus resultierenden Oberflächenbeschaffenheit zu finden. Um eine große Variation der thermischen und mechanischen Belastungen zu erreichen, werden der Vorschub f (0,04 mm bis 0,2 mm) und die Schnitttiefe ap (0,4 mm bis 2 mm) über einen weiten Bereich variiert. Die Schnittgeschwindigkeit vc wird konstant gehalten (300 m/min). Für die prozessbegleitende Messung der Temperaturen und Kontaktbedingungen an der Schnittstelle von Werkzeug und Probe wird ein Werkzeug-Werkstück-Thermoelement implementiert. Zusätzlich werden die Komponenten der Zerspankraft mit einem Dynamometer gemessen. Die Charakterisierung der Randschicht erfolgt durch die Messung der Eigenspannungen mittels Röntgenbeugung und wird ergänzt durch die Bestimmung der geometrischen Eigenschaften der bearbeiteten Oberfläche mit dem Tastschnittverfahren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine Erhöhung der Temperatur und der Komponenten der Zerspankraft mit der Vergrößerung des Spanungsquerschnitts. Aufgrund des Temperaturgradienten werden Zugeigenspannungen in tangentialer Richtung der Randschicht eingebracht. Druckeigenspannungen treten nur in axialer Richtung auf und können durch die Einführung des C-Wertes mit den prozessbegleitenden Messdaten korreliert werden. Folglich ermöglicht die Berechnung des Vorhandenseins von Druckeigenspannungen eine gezielte Steuerung der Randschichteigenschaften während der Zerspanung.

Award Identifier / Grant number: 401805994

Funding statement: The scientific work has been supported by the DFG within the research priority program SPP 2086 (SCHU 1484/26-1, LA 1274/49-1) grant number 401805994.

About the authors

Thomas Junge

Thomas Junge holds M. Sc. from Chemnitz University of Technology. He is working on his PhD at the Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology. His research area is the in-process measurement of force, temperature and tool wear during machining for the surface conditioning of aluminum alloys.

Thomas Mehner

Thomas Mehner obtained his PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering at Chemnitz University of Technology. His main fields of research include X-ray diffraction as well as the relations between corrosion and microstructure.

Andreas Nestler

Andreas Nestler obtained his PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chemnitz University of Technology. He is leader of the Teaching and Research Group Machining and Force-controlled Processes. His main research lies in machining of aluminium matrix composites.

Andreas Schubert

Andreas Schubert obtained his PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering from Technische Universität Dresden. In 2003 he was appointed Professor for Micromanufacturing Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology. Furthermore, he is head of the Competence Center Micromanufacturing and Surface Technologies – KoMOT at Fraunhofer IWU in Chemnitz.

Thomas Lampke

Thomas Lampke is the current holder of the chair of the Materials and Surface Engineering Group of Chemnitz University of Technology. Together with his staff members, he does research in the fields of chemical coating and electroplating, thermal spraying, electrolytic and plasma-electrolytic anodising, interface engineering in material joints and composites, corrosions and wear protection as well as materials modelling and simulation.

Acknowledgment

The authors thank the DFG for this funding and intensive technical support. Moreover, the English proofreading by Morgan Uland is gratefully acknowledged.

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Received: 2020-07-20
Accepted: 2020-09-04
Published Online: 2020-09-23
Published in Print: 2020-11-18

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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