Gender Copy in Slavic internationalisms
-
Nataliya Levkovych
Abstract
In replica languages attesting to grammatical gender, all loan nouns are obligatorily assigned to gender classes. If two languages with grammatical gender come into contact, loan nouns can either retain their original gender (i.e. Gender Copy) or obtain another gender in the replica language (i.e. gender change). In the recent research, it was mostly assumed that the assignment process occurs almost exceptionally according to the internal assignment rules of the replica language. The role of grammatical gender of the words in the donor language was either neglected generally or bound to special sociolinguistic circumstances. The empirical data show, however, that grammatical gender is much more often copied together with loan nouns than assumed until now. In my empirical study, I analyze the processes of gender assignment in a special type of loan words – internationalisms – in the standard varieties of Slavic languages. It is shown that Gender Copy is the most frequent strategy for this type of loans in these genealogically closely related and typologically similar languages.
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
Award Identifier / Grant number: 451922097
Acknowledgments
I am especially grateful to Thomas Stolz for his ongoing support and for the fruitful discussions on the subject of the study as well as for his comments on the draft version of this article. The comments of the anonymous reviewer were thought-provoking and have contributed to the quality of this paper. I thank Paula Müller and Vanessa Pauls for their help in collecting data and their technical support. I also thank Kevin Behrens, Julia Nintemann, and Maike Vorholt for their comments and corrections. The responsibility for the content and errors remains my own.
-
Research funding: This research was funded by the grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), project “Gender Copy in comparative perspective”, project number 451922097.
Abbreviations
- adj
-
adjective
- BCS
-
Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian
- bel
-
Belarusian
- bos
-
Bosnian
- bul
-
Bulgarian
- C
-
consonant
- ces
-
Czech
- csb
-
Kashubian
- deu
-
German
- D-language
-
donor language
- dsb
-
Lower Sorbian
- eng
-
English
- f
-
feminine gender
- fra
-
French
- Gen
-
genitive
- GG
-
grammatical gender
- grc
-
Greek
- hrv
-
Croatian
- hsb
-
Upper Sorbian
- ita
-
Italian
- lat
-
Latin
- m
-
masculine gender
- mkd
-
Macedonian
- mlt
-
Maltese
- n
-
neuter gender
- o-fra
-
Old French
- pl
-
plural
- pol
-
Polish
- R-language
-
replica language
- rus
-
Russian
- sg
-
singular
- slk
-
Slovak
- slv
-
Slovenian
- srp
-
Serbian
- svm
-
Slavomolisano
- ukr
-
Ukrainian
- v-lat
-
Vulgar Latin
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Siuslaw final-consonant reduplication and the anti-mirative domain
- Gender Copy in Slavic internationalisms
- Non-subject oriented existential, possessive and dative-experiencer constructions in Modern Hebrew – a cross-linguistic typological approach
- Precedence clauses in the world’s languages: negative markers need not be expletive
- Towards an enhanced semantic map for imperatives
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Siuslaw final-consonant reduplication and the anti-mirative domain
- Gender Copy in Slavic internationalisms
- Non-subject oriented existential, possessive and dative-experiencer constructions in Modern Hebrew – a cross-linguistic typological approach
- Precedence clauses in the world’s languages: negative markers need not be expletive
- Towards an enhanced semantic map for imperatives
