Abstract
This article is a contribution to the semantic map of imperatives, prompted by an implicational map proposed earlier in the literature. The tentative semantic map proposed here abstracts away from differences in use that can be attributed to pragmatics, like distinctions between commands, requests, suggestions etc. The functional differentiation resulting from person and number value, which determines a different character of the directive speech act, is adopted as the basis for the characterization of polysemy in imperatives, and taken as the nucleus of the semantic map, which is then expanded by taking into account non-directive meanings, which are also differentiated with regard to the person value from which they develop.
Abbreviations
- 1
-
1st person
- 2
-
2nd person
- 3
-
3rd person
- acc
-
accusative
- ad
-
addressee
- auth
-
authorizer
- dat
-
dative
- def
-
definite
- del
-
delative
- excl
-
exclusive
- expl
-
expletive
- f
-
feminine
- fut
-
future
- gen
-
genitive
- hort
-
hortative
- imp
-
imperative
- incl
-
inclusive
- indf
-
indefinite
- inf
-
infinitive
- irr
-
irrealis
- juss
-
jussive
- lform
-
the l-form, a morphome underlying past tense, irrealis and sometimes future tense in Slavonic
- loc
-
locative
- m
-
masculine
- n
-
neuter
- neg
-
negation
- nom
-
nominative
- pl
-
plural
- prf
-
perfect
- prs
-
present
- pst
-
past
- ptc
-
particle
- q
-
question marker
- rfl
-
reflexive
- sbjv
-
subjunctive
- sg
-
singular
- sp
-
speaker
- voc
-
vocative
Sources
T. Macci Plauti Comoediae, ed. W. M. Lindsay. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.
P. Ovidi Nasonis Metamorphoses, ed. R. J. Tarrant. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2004.
C. Valerii Catulli Carmina, ed. R. A. B. Mynors. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958.
Electronic sources
CCLL – Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language at http://tekstynas.vdu.lt.
NB – Slovenian language corpus Nova Beseda at http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/s_beseda3.html.
NCPL – National Corpus of the Polish Language at http://nkjp.pl.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Siuslaw final-consonant reduplication and the anti-mirative domain
- Gender Copy in Slavic internationalisms
- Non-subject oriented existential, possessive and dative-experiencer constructions in Modern Hebrew – a cross-linguistic typological approach
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Siuslaw final-consonant reduplication and the anti-mirative domain
- Gender Copy in Slavic internationalisms
- Non-subject oriented existential, possessive and dative-experiencer constructions in Modern Hebrew – a cross-linguistic typological approach
- Precedence clauses in the world’s languages: negative markers need not be expletive
- Towards an enhanced semantic map for imperatives