Abstract
Local statistics are in high demand in almost all countries due to their relevance for public policy monitoring and evaluation, decision-making, and strategic planning. However, traditional sources of local statistics, such as general censuses, administrative statistics, and national and local surveys, have limitations. This has led to the development of several techniques for estimating parameters over small areas. In this article, we use both spatial and non-spatial estimators for small domains to estimate the local employment rate of women in Algeria. We find that the empirical spatial estimator is the most appropriate and efficient estimator as more spatial correlations are considered. We also find that an approach based on the combination of spatial and non-spatial small area estimators is very beneficial because it allows for obtaining efficient estimates with lower Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSEs). This finding is significant for Algeria and similar countries, where traditional sources of local statistics are limited. The combination of spatial and non-spatial estimators can provide more accurate and reliable estimates of local statistics, which can be used to inform public policy and decision-making.
Acknowledgement
The author is grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that helped to improve this article.
References
Ardilly, P. 2006. “Panorama des Principales Méthodes d’Estimation sur les Petits Domaines.” Document de travail, M0602. INSEE. https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1380679.Search in Google Scholar
Battese, G., R. Hater, and W. Fuller. 1988. “An Error Component Model for Prediction of County Crop Areas Using Survey and Satellite Data.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 83 (401): 28–36. https://doi.org/10.2307/2288915.Search in Google Scholar
Buil-Gil, D., A. Moretti, N. Shlomo, and J. Medina. 2019. “The Geographies of Perceived Neighbourhood Disorder: A Small Area Estimation Approach.” Applied Geography 109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.102037.Search in Google Scholar
Charpin, Jean-Michel. 2005. “Décentralisation et Statistiques: Les Nouveaux Enjeux.” In Actes des Rencontres du Conseil National de l’Information Statistique Décentralisation et statistique, 95. Faculté de Sciences Economiques de Rennes 1.Search in Google Scholar
Corral, P., I. Molina, A. Cojocaru, and S. Segovia. 2022. Guidelines to Small Area Estimation for Poverty Mapping. Washington: World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37728.10.1596/37728Search in Google Scholar
Datta, G., R. Fay, and M. Ghosh. 1991. “Hierarchical and Empirical Bayes Multivariate Analysis in Small Area Estimation.” In Proceedings of Bureau of the Census 1991 Annual Research Conference, 63–79. Washington: U.S. Bureau of the Census.Search in Google Scholar
Destandau, S. 1996. “Estimation sur des Petits Domaines. Application à l’Enquête Education 92.” Actes JMS INSEE. http://jms-insee.fr/jms1996s04_1/Search in Google Scholar
Ghosh, M., and J. Rao. 1994. “Small Area Estimation: An Appraisal.” Statistical Science 9 (1): 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1177010647.Search in Google Scholar
Marhuenda, Y., I. Molina, and D. Morales. 2013. “Small Area Estimation with Spatio-Temporal Fay-Herriot Models.” Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 58: 308–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2012.09.002.Search in Google Scholar
Molina, I. 2019. “Disaggregating Data in Household Surveys: Using Small Area Estimation Methodologies.” CEPAL. https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/44214.Search in Google Scholar
Molina, I., and Y. Marhuenda. 2015. “Sae: An R Package for Small Area Estimation.” R Journal 7 (1): 81–98. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2015-007.Search in Google Scholar
Molina, I., N. Salvati, and M. Pratesi. 2009. “Bootstrap for Estimating the MSE of the Spatial EBLUP.” Computational Statistics 24: 441–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-008-0138-4.Search in Google Scholar
ONS. 2012. Enquête Emploi auprès des Ménages 2010. Alger: Collections Statistiques, N° 170/2012, Office National des Statistiques. https://www.ons.dz/IMG/pdf/PUBLICATION_EMPLOI_2010.pdf.Search in Google Scholar
Petrucci, A., and N. Salvati. 2006. “Small Area Estimation for Spatial Correlation in Watershed Erosion Assessment.” Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 11 (2): 169–82. https://doi.org/10.1198/108571106X110531.Search in Google Scholar
Pratesi, M., and N. Salvati. 2008. “Small Area Estimation: The EBLUP Estimator Based on Spatially Correlated Random Area Effects.” Statistical Methods and Applications 17: 113–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10260-007-0061-9.Search in Google Scholar
Rahman, A., and A. Harding. 2016. Small Area Estimation and Microsimulation Modeling, 1st ed. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC.10.1201/9781315372143Search in Google Scholar
Rao, J. N., and I. Molina. 2015. Small Area Estimation, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.10.1002/9781118735855Search in Google Scholar
Salvati, N. 2004. “Small Area Estimation by Spatial Models: The Spatial Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (Spatial EBLUP).” Working Paper no 2004/04. “G. Parenti” Department of Statistics. University of Florence.Search in Google Scholar
Singh, B. B., G. K. Shukla, and D. Kundu. 2005. “Spatio-Temporal Models in Small Area Estimation.” Survey Methodology 31 (2): 183–195.Search in Google Scholar
Stanley, K. S. 2003. “Small-Area Analysis.” In Encyclopedia of Population, edited by P. Demeny, and G. McNicoll, 898–901. Farmington: Macmillan Reference. https://www.bebr.ufl.edu/sites/default/files/Pop_Encycl_Small_Areas_0.pdf.Search in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- Did People Really “Leave It Blank”? A Tale of What Became of the Census Citizenship Question and Allocation Trends Through Time
- Estimation of the Departmental Female Employment Rate: Towards a New Strategy Based on Combining Spatial and Non-spatial Small Area Estimators
- Infrastructure and Gender Disparity in Information Communication Technology Literacy: A Cross-Country Comparative Study
- Trend and Fuzzy Time Series Analysis of Live Births Registration in Northern Ghana
- Typical Yet Unlikely and Normally Abnormal: The Intuition Behind High-Dimensional Statistics
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- Did People Really “Leave It Blank”? A Tale of What Became of the Census Citizenship Question and Allocation Trends Through Time
- Estimation of the Departmental Female Employment Rate: Towards a New Strategy Based on Combining Spatial and Non-spatial Small Area Estimators
- Infrastructure and Gender Disparity in Information Communication Technology Literacy: A Cross-Country Comparative Study
- Trend and Fuzzy Time Series Analysis of Live Births Registration in Northern Ghana
- Typical Yet Unlikely and Normally Abnormal: The Intuition Behind High-Dimensional Statistics