Home Menschen zu sein...
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Menschen zu sein...

Soziokulturelle und semiotische Aspekte der Protestdiskurse nach den Präsidentschaftswahlen in Belarus im Jahr 2020
  • Aleksander Kiklewicz EMAIL logo , Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska and Helena Pociechina
Published/Copyright: November 10, 2021
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Summary

This essay focuses on the sociocultural and semiotic aspects of the discourse of protests sparked by the rigged presidential election in Belarus, in August 2020. The mass demonstrations, using symbolic items (such as posters, slogans, exclamation marks, performances, posts in the social networks on the Internet, etc.) have been analyzed as a type of social discourse. The focus is on the peculiarity and the most distinctive features of the protest movement in Belarus. In particular, the following socio-political and cultural characteristics of Belarusian protest discourses are considered: 1) rejecting stereotypes (especially the tolerance stereotype, blr. pamjarkoŭnas’c’); 2) Belarusian protest tradition; 3) historical and geopolitical factors of the Belarusian protest movement; 4) the discursive systems; 5) the carnival. The emphasis is on linguistic forms of creativity, especially the protest slogans. In addition, the extensive scientific literature addressing such discourses is discussed.

Literaturverzeichnis

Aheeva, Iryna. 2020. Karnaval’nyja aljuzii ŭ ramane Zapiski Samsona Samasuja Andreja Mryja. In Mikola Haŭstovich & Radosław Kaleta (red.), Mova, litaratura i kul´tura Belarusi cjaham stahoddzjaŭ, 257–277. Warszawa: Kafedra Belarisistyki VU.Search in Google Scholar

Almog, Shulamit & Gad Barzilai. 2014. Social Protest and the Absence of Legalistic Discourse: In the Quest for New Language of Dissent. In International Journal of the Semiotics of Law 27. 735–756.10.1007/s11196-014-9378-5Search in Google Scholar

Antić, Rastko. 2019. The Grammar of Protest Publics in Skopje, Macedonia, May 2015. In Nina Belyaeva, Victor Albert & Dmitry Zaytsev (red.), Protest Publics, 67–82. Cham: Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-05475-5_5Search in Google Scholar

Archipova, Aleksandra & Michail Alekseevskij (red.). 2014. „My ne nemy”. Antropologija protesta v Rossii. Tartu: Elm.Search in Google Scholar

Bachtin, Michail M. 1990. Tvorčestvo Fransua Rable i narodnaja kul’tura srednevekov’ja i Renessansa. Moskva: Chudožestvennaja literatura.Search in Google Scholar

Barthes, Roland. 1984. Le bruissement de la langue. Essais critiques IV. Paris: Seuil.Search in Google Scholar

Bendl, Christian & Jürgen Spitzmüller. 2017. ›Rassismus‹ ohne Rassismus? Ethnoseparatistische Diskurse in sozialen Netzwerken. In Wiener Linguistische Gazette (WLG) 80. 1–26.Search in Google Scholar

Bušev, Aleksandr. 2015. Protestnyj dyskurs: optika issledovaniuja. In Voprosy teorii i praktyki žurnalitiki 4 (2). 170–182.Search in Google Scholar

Callaghan, Helen & Alexandra Hess. 2013. Wirtschaftsnationalismus im Wandel der Zeit: Der politische Diskurs um ausländische Unternehmensübernahmen in Großbritannien. In MPIfG Discussion Paper 13–14. 1–24.Search in Google Scholar

Černjavskaja, Julija. 2010. Model ėtnosa sovremennogo belorusa: opyt kul’turovedčeskogo issledovanija v internete. In Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 1. 313–329.Search in Google Scholar

Dang-Anh, Mark. 2019. Protest twittern. Eine medienlinguistische Untersuchung von Straßenprotesten. Bielefeld: Transcript.10.1515/9783839448366Search in Google Scholar

Fereński, Piotr J. 2020. Kultura protestu. www.uni.wroc.pl/kultura-protestu. Zugriff: 10.12.2020.Search in Google Scholar

Gasaway Hill, Mary Lynn (ed.). 2018. The Language of Protest. Acts of Performance, Identity, and Legitimacy. Cham: Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-319-77419-0Search in Google Scholar

Gornostaeva, Anna A. 2018. Ironičeskie metafory v političeskom diskurse. In Vestnik RUDN. Serija Lingvistika 22 (1). 108–125.Search in Google Scholar

Jakovlev, Maksim. 2013. „Majdan“ i „Antimajdan“ v social’nych setjach: charakteristiki interpretacionnych ramok. In Forum novejšej vostočnoevropejskoj istorii i kul’tury 2. 74–83.Search in Google Scholar

Johnston, Hank. 2010. Cultural Analysis of Political Protest. In Kevin T. Leicht & Craig J. Jenkins (eds.), Handbook of Politics: State and Society in Global Perspective, 327–346. New York: Springer New York.10.1007/978-0-387-68930-2_18Search in Google Scholar

Jordan, Joanne & Nigel Gilbert. 1999. Think Local, Act Global: Discourses of Environment and Local Protest. In N. Ben Fairweather, Sue Elworthy, Matt Stroh & Piers H. G. Stephens (eds.), Environmental Futures, 39–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.10.1007/978-1-349-27265-5_3Search in Google Scholar

Kazharski, Aliaksei. 2021. Belarus’ new political nation? 2020 anti-authoritarian protests as identity building. In New Perspectives I-II. 1–11. 10.1177/2336825X20984340Search in Google Scholar

Kolesnikov, Andrej. 2020. Počemu dla ponimanija protestov v Belarusi nužno čitat’ raboty Bachtina o Srednich vekach?https://meduza.io/feature/2020/09/19/pochemu-dlya-ponimaniya-protestov-v-belarusi-nuzhno-chitat-raboty-bahtina-o-srednih-vekah. Zugriff: 21.01.2021.Search in Google Scholar

Kosterina, Irina. 2009. Maskulinnosti skinchedov: ekstremizm, moda, protest i graždanskoe učastie. In Natalia Puškareva (red.), Molodežnye uličnye gruppirovki: vvedenie v problematiku, 185–208. Moskva: IAE RAS.Search in Google Scholar

Košman, Pavel. 2020. Kanceptualizacyja vobraza Belarusi ŭ litaratury XIX stahoddzja: Ad pravincyi da radzimy. In Mikola Haŭstovich & Radosław Kaleta (red.), Mova, litaratura i kul’tura Belarusi cjaham stahoddzjaŭ, 229–239. Warszawa: Kafedra Belarisistyki VU.Search in Google Scholar

Lang, Kai-Olaf. 2020. Nachbarn in Alarm. Die Politik Polens und Litauens gegenüber Belarus. In Osteuropa 10–11. 305–319.10.35998/oe-2020-0082Search in Google Scholar

Lastovkina, Darja. 2015. Sovremennyje formy protesta: k postanovke voprosa. In Voprosy territorial’nogo razvitija 6 (26). 1–11.Search in Google Scholar

Leone, Massimo. 2017. Protest in Berlin. A Semiotic Reading. In Kodikas/Code. An International Journal of Semiotics 39 (1–2). 120–132.Search in Google Scholar

Leont’eva, Tatjana V. & Anna V. Ščetinina. 2017. Čelovek i vlast’: konflikt v zerklae jazyka. In Vesdtnik TvGU, serija Filologija 3. 173–181.Search in Google Scholar

Leszczak, Oleg. 2015. Diskurs kak funkcional’no-pragmatičeskij variant lingvosemiotičeskogo opyta. In Aleksander Kiklewicz & Irina Uchvanova-Šmygova (red.), Dyskurs: aspekty lingwistyczne, semiotyczne i komunikacyjne, 57–66. Olsztyn: UWM.Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, Simon. 2017. The “Partisan Republic”: Colonial Myths and Memory Wars in Belarus. In Juie Fedor, Marrku Kangaspuro, Jussi Lassila & Tatiana Zhurzhenko (eds.), War and Memory in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, 371–396. Cham: Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-319-66523-8_13Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, Simon. 2020. «Partizanskaja respublika»: kolonial’nyje mify i vojna za pamiat’ v Belarusi. In Novoje literaturnoje obozrenije 6. https://www.nlobooks.ru/magazines/novoe_literaturnoe_obozre­nie/166_nlo_6_2020/article/22957. Zugriff: 05.01.2021.Search in Google Scholar

Matysiak, Krzysztof. 2018. Schlüsselwörter im Diskurs über die Frauenproteste von 2016 in Polen. Eine deutsch-polnische Vergleichsstudie. In Tekst i dyskurs – Text und Diskurs 11. 313–332.10.7311/tid.11.2018.13Search in Google Scholar

Melina, Lois Ruskai. 2015. Being the change: protest as performative discourse in the Occupy Portland encampment. In Matthew Johnson & Samid Suliman (eds.), Protest: Analysing Current Trends, 200–217. London & New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Search in Google Scholar

Mitchell, William & John Thomas. 2013. Obraz, przestrzeń, rewolucja. Wszystkie sztuki okupacji. In Widok. Teorie i Praktyki Kultury Wizualnej 3. file:///C:/Users/00/AppData/Local/Temp/102-1051-1-PB-1.pdf. Zugriff: 22.01.2021.10.36854/widok/2013.3.1270Search in Google Scholar

Mjačkoŭskaja, Nina B. 2012. Belaruskaje movaznaŭstva – značna šyrejšaje za belarusistyku, i zaŭtra pole jaho dzejnasci pašyrycca jašče bol’š. http://mab.org.by/materyjaly/intervju/nina-miackouskaja-bielaruskaje-movaznaustva-znacna-syrejsaje-za-bielarusistyku-i. Zugriff: 14.03.2012.Search in Google Scholar

Moskalik, Michael. 1961. Janka Kupala. Der Sänger des weissruthenischen Volkstums. München: Sagner.10.3726/b12346Search in Google Scholar

Oukhvanova-Shmygova, Irina & Natalia Jelsukova. 2020. Integrative methodological platform to reconstruct macrounits of discourse in functioning: Belarusian case study. In Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski XI (2). 343–356.10.31648/pw.6514Search in Google Scholar

Oyedemi, Toks Dele. 2020. Cite as Protest as Communication for Development and Social Change. In Jan Servaes (ed.), Handbook of Communication for Development and Social Change, 615–632. Singapore: Springer Singapore.10.1007/978-981-15-2014-3_132Search in Google Scholar

Pappert, Steffen & Ruth M. Mell. 2018. Partizipationspraktiken in den Protestdiskursen 1968 und 1989. In Bettina M. Bock & Philipp Dreesen (Hrsg.), Sprache und Partizipation in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 237–255. Bremen: Hempen Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

Petrušina, Anna. 2012. Diskurs političeskogo protesta v soobščenijach novostnych internet-sajtov. In Izvestija Tul’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Gumanitarnyje nauki 1 (1). 61–70.Search in Google Scholar

Petz, Ingo. 2020. „Die Stimmung ist nicht dieselbe“. Protest und Protestkultur in Belarus. In Osteuropa 70 (10–11). 61–81.10.35998/oe-2020-0066Search in Google Scholar

Pil’gun, Marija. 2018. Psicholingvističeskij analiz media kontenta v mul’timodal’nom aspekte: protestnyje kommunikacii i bol’šie dannye. In Voprosy psicholingvistiki 2. 99–117.Search in Google Scholar

Pociechina, Helena. 2006. Jazykovyje reformy v Ukraine i Belarusi: dva scenarija nacional’nogo vozroždenija. In Południowosłowiańskie Zeszyty Naukowe. Język, literatura, kultura 3. 83–94.Search in Google Scholar

Ponomarev, Nikolaj. 2018. Protestnyj dyskurs podgotovitel’nogo etapa mitingov 2017 goda. In Informacionnye vojny 1 (45). 16–20.Search in Google Scholar

Prokof’eva, Ekaterina. 2020. „Vlast’ vsech travmirovala“. Psichologija belorusskich protestov. https://www.svoboda.org/a/30964972.html. Zugriff: 27.01.2021.Search in Google Scholar

Rohava, Maryia & Fabian Burkhardt. 2020. „Diktatur ist unser Markenzeichen“. Belarus: Machtvertikale vs. horizontale Gesellschaft. In Osteuropa 70 (10–11). 127–146.10.35998/oe-2020-0069Search in Google Scholar

Rudenkin, Dmitrij. 2019. Protestnyje nastroenija rossijskoj molodeži čerez god posle mitingov 2017 goda. In Sociodinamika 2. 23–33.Search in Google Scholar

Sahm, Astrid. 2020. Politisches Patt in Belarus. Etappen einer Systemkrise. In Osteuropa 10–11. 17–33.10.35998/oe-2020-0064Search in Google Scholar

Skiperskich, Aleksandr. 2014 a. Material’naja kul’tura kak ob’’ekt protestnogo pis’ma: političeskij kontekst. In Świat Idei i Polityki 13. 193–207.Search in Google Scholar

Skiperskich, Aleksandr. 2014 b. Poverchnosti protesta: osobennosti političeskogo pis’ma v sovremennoj Rossii. In Političeskaja lingvistika 1. 108–113.Search in Google Scholar

Skiperskich, Aleksandr. 2016. Bunt kak preodolonie tesnoty: razmyšlenija o nekotorych osobennostjach russkoj kul’tury. In Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofija, sociologija, politologia 3 (35). 226–236.Search in Google Scholar

Skiperskich, Aleksandr. 2018. Rossijskaja provincija: praktiki preodolenija deficita vlasti. In Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne 4. 135–153.Search in Google Scholar

Turovec, Marija. 2015. Vojna protiv protesta: „voennye“ argumenty v depolitizacjii protestnogo dviženija. In Vladimir Kostjušev (red.), Vlast’ i obščestvo v uslovijach mežgosudarstvennych konfliktov, 11–15. Sankt-Peterburg: Norma.Search in Google Scholar

Ullrich, Peter, Priska Daphi & Britta Baumgarten. 2014. Protest and Culture: Concepts and Approaches in Social Movement Research. An Introduction. In Britta Baumgarten, Priska Daphi & Peter Ullrich (eds.), Conceptualizing Culture in Social Movement Research, 1–20. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9781137385796_1Search in Google Scholar

Usmanova, Almira. 2006. Belorusskij détournement, ili Iskusstvo obchodnogo manevra kak politika. In Topos 2 (13). 91–127.Search in Google Scholar

Van Leeuwen, Theo & Ruth Wodak. 1999. Legitimizing Immigration Control: A Discourse-Historical Analysis. In Discourse Studies 1. 83–119.10.1177/1461445699001001005Search in Google Scholar

Van’ke, Aleksandrina & Maksim Kulaev. 2015. Rabočie v rossijskom novostnom televizionnom diskurse: kontekst protestov. In Kul’tura polityki 5 (10). 11–23.Search in Google Scholar

Žabotinskaja, Svetlana. 2015. Jazyk kak oružije v vojne mirovozzrenij. Majdan – Antimajdan: slovar’-tezaurus leksičeskich innovacij. Internet-izdanije. http://uaclip.at.ua/zhabotinskaja-jazyk_kak_oruzhie.pdf. Zugriff: 10.08.2020.Search in Google Scholar

Online erschienen: 2021-11-10
Erschienen im Druck: 2021-11-02

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 16.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/slaw-2021-0025/html
Scroll to top button