Abstract
This study offers a prosodic analysis of broad focus declarative sentences in Chota Valley Spanish (CVS), an Afro-Hispanic dialect of Ecuador. Findings indicate that its phonological inventory of pitch accents and phrase boundary tones appears to be significantly simplified in comparison to what has been reported for other native, non-contact varieties of Spanish. In particular, we observe a strong tendency in CVS toward duplicating nuclear and prenuclear pitch accents, as well as phrase boundary tones. We analyze these results in terms of contact-induced phenomena related to a process of first language acquisition of advanced second language acquisition strategies, which appear to be hampered by processability constraints applying at the discourse-phonology interface. The study’s implications are discussed with respect to the debate concerning the origins of this dialect and several other Afro-Hispanic Languages of the Americas.
References
Aguilar, Lourdes, Carme De-la-Mota & Pilar Prieto. 2009. Sp_ToBI training materials. http://prosodia.upf.edu/sp_tobi.Search in Google Scholar
Barnes, Hilary & Jim Michnowicz. 2013. Peak alignment in semi-spontaneous bilingual Chilipo Spanish. In Ana Carvalho & Sara Beaudrie (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics, 109–122. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Search in Google Scholar
Beckman, Mary, Manuel Díaz-Campos, Julia McGory & Terrell Morgan. 2002. Intonation across Spanish, in the Tones and Break Indices framework. Probus 14. 9–36.10.1515/prbs.2002.008Search in Google Scholar
Boersma, Paul & David Weenink. 2014. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. http://www.praat.org/.Search in Google Scholar
Bouisson, Emmanuelle. 1997. Esclavos de la tierra: Los campesinos negros del Chota-Mira, siglos xvii-xx. Procesos, Revista Ecuatoriana de Historia 11. 45–67.10.29078/rp.v1i11.363Search in Google Scholar
Burkhardt, Petra. 2005. The syntax-discourse interface: Representing and interpreting dependency. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Search in Google Scholar
Butragueño, Pedro Martín. 2004. Configuraciones circunflejas en la entonación del español mexicano. Revista de Filología Española 84(2). 347–373.10.3989/rfe.2004.v84.i2.111Search in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam & Morris Halle. 1968. The sound pattern of English. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar
Clements, J. Clancy. 2009. The linguistic legacy of Spanish and Portuguese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511576171Search in Google Scholar
Colantoni, Laura. 2011. Broad-focus declaratives in Argentine Spanish contact and non-contact varieties. In Christoph Gabriel & Conxita Lleó (eds.), Intonational phrasing in Romance and Germanic: Cross-linguistic and bilingual studies, 183–212. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/hsm.10.10colSearch in Google Scholar
Colantoni, Laura & Jorge Gurlekian. 2004. Convergence and intonation: Historical evidence from Buenos Aires Spanish. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7(2). 107–119.10.1017/S1366728904001488Search in Google Scholar
Coronel Feijóo, Rosario. 1991. El valle sangriento de los indígenas de la coca y el algodón a la hacienda cañera jesuita, 1580–1700. Quito: Abya-Yala.Search in Google Scholar
Correa, José Alejandro. 2012. La entonación del palenquero y del keteyano hablado en Palenque (Colombia). In Graciela Maglia & Armin Schwegler (eds.), Palenque (Colombia). Oralidad, identidad y resistencia, 31–56. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana/Instituto Caro y Cuervo.Search in Google Scholar
Díaz-Campos, Manuel & J. Clancy Clements. 2005. Mainland Spanish colonies and creole genesis: The Afro-Venezuelan area revisited. In Lotfi Sayahi & Maurice Westmoreland (eds.), Proceedings of the second workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics, 41–53. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Search in Google Scholar
Díaz-Campos, Manuel & J. Clancy Clements. 2008. A creole origin for Barlovento Spanish? A linguistic and socio-historical inquiry. Language in Society 37. 351–383.10.1017/S0047404508080548Search in Google Scholar
Elordieta, Gorka. 2003. The Spanish intonation of speakers of a Basque pitch-accent dialect. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 2. 67–95.10.5565/rev/catjl.44Search in Google Scholar
Elordieta, Gorka, Sónia Frota, Pilar Prieto & Marina Vigário. 2003. Effects of constituent length and syntactic branching on intonational phrasing in Ibero-Romance. In Maria-Josep Solé, Daniel Recasens & Joaquin Romero (eds.), Proceedings of the XVth international congress of phonetic sciences, 487–490. Barcelona: Futurgraphic.Search in Google Scholar
Estebas-Vilaplana, Eva & Pilar Prieto. 2008. La notación prosódica del español: Una revisión del Sp_ToBI. Estudios de Fonética Experimental 17. 263–283.Search in Google Scholar
Face, Timothy. 2001. Intonational marking of contrastive focus in Madrid Spanish. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University dissertation.10.1515/prbs.2002.006Search in Google Scholar
Face, Timothy. 2003. Intonation in Spanish declaratives: Differences between lab speech and spontaneous speech. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 2. 115–131.10.5565/rev/catjl.46Search in Google Scholar
Face, Timothy & Pilar Prieto. 2007. Rising accents in Castilian Spanish: A revision of Sp_ToBI. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 6(1). 117–146.10.5334/jpl.147Search in Google Scholar
Feldhausen, Ingo & Maria del Mar Vanrell. 2014. Prosody, focus, and word order in Catalan and Spanish. An Optimality theoretic approach. Proceedings of the 10th International Seminar on Speech Production (ISSP), 122–125. Köln, 5–8 May.Search in Google Scholar
Gabriel, Christoph. 2010. On focus, prosody, and word order in Argentinean Spanish: A minimalist OT account. Revista Virtual de Estudos da Linguagem 4. 183–222.Search in Google Scholar
Gabriel, Christoph & Elena Kireva. 2014. Prosodic transfer in learner and contact varieties: Speech rhythm and intonation of Buenos Aires Spanish and L2 Castilian Spanish produced by Italian native speakers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 36. 257–281.10.1017/S0272263113000740Search in Google Scholar
García Mayo, María del Pilar & Roger Hawkins (eds.). 2009. Second language acquisition of articles. Empirical findings and theoretical implications. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/lald.49Search in Google Scholar
Gooden, Shelome, Kathy-Ann Drayton & Mary Beckman. 2009. Tone inventories and tune-text alignments: Prosodic variation in ‘hybrid’ prosodic systems. In J. Clancy Clements & Shelome Gooden (eds.), Language change in contact languages: Grammatical and prosodic considerations, 396–436. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/sl.33.2.07gooSearch in Google Scholar
Granda, Germán de. 1968. La tipología ‘criolla’ de dos hablas del área lingüística hispánica. Thesaurus 23. 193–205.Search in Google Scholar
Granda, Germán de. 1970. Un temprano testimonio sobre las hablas ‘criollas’ en África y América. Thesaurus 25(1). 1–11.Search in Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Rexach, Javier & Sandro Sessarego. 2011. On the nature of bare nouns in Afro-Bolivian Spanish. In Julia Herschensohn (ed.), Romance linguistics 2010, 191–204. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/cilt.318.12gutSearch in Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Rexach, Javier & Sandro Sessarego. 2014. Morphosyntactic variation and gender agreement in three Afro-Andean dialects. Lingua 151. 142–161.10.1016/j.lingua.2014.04.011Search in Google Scholar
Heidinger, Steffen. 2013. Information focus, syntactic weight and postverbal constituent order in Spanish. Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 2. 159–190.10.7557/1.2.2.2742Search in Google Scholar
Heidinger, Steffen. 2015. Optionality and preferences in Spanish postverbal constituent order: An OT account without basic constituent order. Lingua 162. 102–127.10.1016/j.lingua.2015.05.003Search in Google Scholar
Henriksen, Nicholas. 2013. Suprasegmental phenomena in second language Spanish. In Kimberly Geeslin (ed.), The handbook of Spanish second language acquisition, 166–182. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.10.1002/9781118584347.ch10Search in Google Scholar
Herschensohn, Julia. 2000. The second time around: Minimalism and L2 acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/lald.21Search in Google Scholar
Hoot, Bradley. 2012. Presentational focus in heritage and monolingual Spanish. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois at Chicago dissertation.Search in Google Scholar
Hoot, Bradley. 2016. Narrow presentational focus in Mexican Spanish: Experimental evidence. Probus 28(2). 335–366.10.1515/probus-2014-0004Search in Google Scholar
Hualde, José Ignacio. 2002. Intonation in Spanish and the other Ibero-Romance languages. In Caroline Wiltshire & Joaquim Camps (eds.), Romance philology and variation, 101–115. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/cilt.217.10huaSearch in Google Scholar
Hualde, José Ignacio & Pilar Prieto. 2015. Intonational variation in Spanish: European and American varieties. In Sónia Frota & Pilar Prieto, Intonation in Romance, 350–391. Oxford: Oxford University.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685332.003.0010Search in Google Scholar
Hualde, José Ignacio & Pilar Prieto. 2016. Towards an International Prosodic Alphabet (IPrA). Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology 7. 1–25.10.5334/labphon.11Search in Google Scholar
Hualde, José Ignacio & Armin Schwegler. 2008. Intonation in Palenquero. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 23. 1–31.10.1075/jpcl.23.1.02huaSearch in Google Scholar
Jackendoff, Ray. 1997. The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar
Jackendoff, Ray. 2002. Foundations of language: Brain, meaning, grammar, evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198270126.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Ladd, D. Robert. 2008. Intonational phonology, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511808814Search in Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 1986. Lingüística afroecuatoriana: El valle del Chota. Anuario de Lingüística Hispánica (Valladolid) 2. 153–176.Search in Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 1993. On the non-creole basis for Afro-Caribbean Spanish. http://www.personal.psu.edu/jml34/noncreol.pdf (accessed 17 July 2017).Search in Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2005. A history of Afro-Hispanic language: Five centuries, five continents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511627811Search in Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2007. Castile and the hydra: The diversification of Spanish in Latin America. http://www.personal.psu.edu/jml34/hydra.pdf (accessed 14 July 2017).Search in Google Scholar
Llisterri, Joaquim, Rafael Marín, Carme De-la-Mota & Antonio Ríos. 1995. Factors affecting F0 peak displacement in Spanish. Eurospeech ’95 Proceedings, 4th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology 3. 2061–2064.10.21437/Eurospeech.1995-493Search in Google Scholar
Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. 1994. Sangre sobre piel negra. Quito: Abya-Yala.Search in Google Scholar
McWhorter, John. 2000. The missing Spanish creoles. Recovering the birth of plantation contact languages. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.10.1525/9780520923492Search in Google Scholar
Mertens, Piet. 2004. The Prosogram: Semi-automatic transcription of prosody based on a tonal perception model. In Bernard Bel & Isabelle Marlien (eds.), Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2004. Nara, Japan, 23–26 March.10.21437/SpeechProsody.2004-127Search in Google Scholar
Michnowicz, Jim & Hilary Barnes. 2013. A sociolinguistic analysis of pre-nuclear peak alignment in Yucatan Spanish. In Chad Howe, Sarah Blackwell & Margaret Lubbers Quesada (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 15th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, 221–235. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Search in Google Scholar
Muntendam, Antje. 2013. On the nature of crosslinguistic transfer: A case study of Andean Spanish. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16. 111–131.10.1017/S1366728912000247Search in Google Scholar
Nibert, Holly. 1999. A perception study of intermediate phrasing in Spanish intonation. In Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach & Fernando Martínez-Gil (eds.), Advances in Hispanic linguistics, 231–247. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Search in Google Scholar
Nibert, Holly. 2000. Phonetic and phonological evidence for intermediate phrasing in Spanish intonation. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign dissertation.Search in Google Scholar
O’Rourke, Erin. 2004. Peak placement in two regional varieties of Peruvian Spanish intonation. In Julie Auger, J. Clancy Clements & Barbara Vance (eds.), Contemporary approaches to Romance linguistics, 321–341. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/cilt.258.17oroSearch in Google Scholar
O’Rourke, Erin. 2005. Intonation and language contact: A case study of two varieties of Peruvian Spanish. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign dissertation.Search in Google Scholar
O’Rourke, Erin. 2010. Ecuadorian Andean Spanish intonation. In Pilar Prieto & Paolo Roseano (eds.), Transcription of intonation of the Spanish language, 227–253. Munich: LINCOM Publishers.Search in Google Scholar
Ortega-Llebaria, Marta & Pilar Prieto. 2010. Acoustic correlates of stress in Central Catalan and Spanish. Language and Speech 54(1). 73–97.10.1177/0023830910388014Search in Google Scholar
Otheguy, Ricardo. 1973. The Spanish Caribbean: A creole perspective. In Charles-James Bailey & Roger Shuy (eds.), New ways of analyzing variation in English, 323–339. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Peperkamp, Sharon. 1999. Prosodic words. GLOT International 4(4). 15–16.Search in Google Scholar
Perez, Danae. 2015. Traces of Portuguese in Afro-Yungueño Spanish? Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 30(2). 308–344.10.1075/jpcl.30.2.04perSearch in Google Scholar
Perl, Matthias & Armin Schwegler (eds.). 1998. América negra: Panorámica actual de los estudios lingüísticos sobre variedades hispanas, portuguesas y criollas. Madrid & Frankfurt: Iberoamericana & Vervuert.10.31819/9783865278838Search in Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, Janet. 1980. The phonology and phonetics of English intonation. Cambridge, MA: MIT dissertation.Search in Google Scholar
Plag, Ingo. 2008a. Creoles as interlanguages: Inflectional morphology. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 23(1). 109–130.10.1075/jpcl.23.1.06plaSearch in Google Scholar
Plag, Ingo. 2008b. Creoles as interlanguages: Syntactic structures. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 23(2). 307–328.10.1075/jpcl.23.2.06plaSearch in Google Scholar
Plag, Ingo. 2009a. Creoles as interlanguages: Phonology. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24(1). 119–138.10.1075/jpcl.24.1.06plaSearch in Google Scholar
Plag, Ingo. 2009b. Creoles as interlanguages: Word-formation. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24(2). 339–362.10.1075/jpcl.24.2.05plaSearch in Google Scholar
Plummer, Andrew & Mary Beckman. 2015. Framing a socio-indexical basis for the emergence and cultural transmission of phonological systems. Journal of Phonetics 53. 66–78.10.1016/j.wocn.2015.09.004Search in Google Scholar
Prieto, Pilar & Paolo Roseano (eds.). 2010. Transcription of intonation of the Spanish language. Munich: LINCOM Publishers.Search in Google Scholar
Prieto, Pilar & Francisco Torreira. 2007. The segmental anchoring hypothesis revisited: Syllable structure and speech rate effects on peak timing in Spanish. Journal of Phonetics 35. 473–500.10.1016/j.wocn.2007.01.001Search in Google Scholar
Quilis, Antonio. 1993. Tratado de fonología y fonética españolas. Madrid: Editorial Gredos.Search in Google Scholar
Rao, Rajiv. 2009. Deaccenting in spontaneous speech on Barcelona Spanish. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 2(1). 31–75.10.1515/shll-2009-1035Search in Google Scholar
Rao, Rajiv. 2010. Final lengthening and pause duration in three dialects of Spanish. In Marta Ortega-Llebaria (ed.), Selected proceedings of the 4th Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Spanish Phonology, 69–82. Somerville MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Search in Google Scholar
Rao, Rajiv & Sandro Sessarego. 2016. On the intonation of Afro-Bolivian Spanish declaratives: Implications for a theory of Afro-Hispanic creole genesis. Lingua 174. 45–64.10.1016/j.lingua.2015.12.006Search in Google Scholar
Reinhart, Tanya. 2006. Interface strategies: Reference-set computation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/3846.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Schwegler, Armin. 1999. Monogenesis revisited: The Spanish perspective. In John Rickford & Suzanne Romaine (eds.), Creole genesis, attitudes and discourse [Creole Language Library 20], 235–262. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/cll.20.16schSearch in Google Scholar
Schwegler, Armin. 2014. Portuguese remnants in the Afro-Hispanic diaspora. In Patricia Amaral & Ana Maria Carvalho (eds.), Portuguese-Spanish interfaces: Diachrony, synchrony, and contact, 403–441. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/ihll.1.21schSearch in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2011a. Introducción al idioma afroboliviano: Una conversación con el awicho Manuel Barra. Cochabamba: Plural Editores.Search in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2011b. On the status of Afro-Bolivian Spanish features: Decreolization or vernacular universals? In Jim Michnowicz (ed.), Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics, 125–141. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Search in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2013a. Afro-Hispanic contact varieties as advanced second languages. IBERIA 5(1). 96–122.Search in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2013b. Chota Valley Spanish. Madrid & Frankfurt: Iberoamericana & Vervuert.10.31819/9783954871995Search in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2013c. On the non-creole basis for Afro-Bolivian Spanish. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 28(2). 363–407.10.1075/jpcl.28.2.04sesSearch in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2013d. Enhancing dialogue between quantitative sociolinguistics and minimalist syntax. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 5(2). 79–97.10.1515/shll-2013-1141Search in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2014a. On Chota Valley Spanish origin: Linguistic and socio-historical evidence. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 29(1). 86–133.10.1075/jpcl.29.1.03sesSearch in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2014b. The Afro-Bolivian Spanish determiner phrase: A microparametric account. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2015. Afro-Peruvian Spanish. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/cll.51Search in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2016a. A response to Perez. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 31(1). 200–212.10.1075/jpcl.31.1.08sesSearch in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. 2016b. Las lenguas criollas. In Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach (ed.), Enciclopedia de lingüística hispánica, 685–696. London & New York: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro. in press. Interface phenomena in Afro-Hispanic languages. In Jeroen Darquennes, Joseph Salmons & Wim Vandenbussche (eds.), The handbook of contact linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro & Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach. 2011. A minimalist approach to gender agreement in the Afro-Bolivian DP: Variation and the specification of uninterpretable features. In Mark Janse, Brian Joseph & Gunther De Vogelaer (eds.), The diachrony of gender marking. [Special issue]. Folia Linguistica 45. 465–482.10.1515/flin.2011.017Search in Google Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro & Rajiv Rao. 2016. On the simplification of a prosodic inventory: The Afro-Bolivian Spanish case. In Alejandro Cuza, Lori Czerwionka & Daniel Olson (eds.), Inquiries in Hispanic linguistics: From theory to empirical evidence, 171–190. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/ihll.12.10sesSearch in Google Scholar
Slabakova, Roumyana. 2009. What is easy and what is hard to acquire in a second language? In Melissa Bowles, Tania Ionin, Silvina Montrul & Annie Tremblay (eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2009), 280–294. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Search in Google Scholar
Sorace, Antonella. 2004. Native language attrition and developmental instability at the syntax-discourse interface: Data, interpretations and methods. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7. 143–145.10.1017/S1366728904001543Search in Google Scholar
Sorace, Antonella. 2011. Pinning down the concept of “interface” in bilingualism. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 1. 1–33.10.1075/lab.1.1.01sorSearch in Google Scholar
Sorace, Antonella & Ludovica Serratrice. 2009. Internal and external interfaces in bilingual language development: Beyond structural overlap. International Journal of Bilingualism 13(2). 195–210.10.1177/1367006909339810Search in Google Scholar
Sosa, Juan Manuel. 1999. La entonación del español: Su estructura fónica, variabilidad y dialectología. Madrid: Cátedra.Search in Google Scholar
Uth, Melanie. 2014. Spanish preverbal subjects in contexts of narrow information focus: Noncontrastive focalization or epistemic-evidential marking? Grazer Linguistische Studien 81. 87–104.Search in Google Scholar
Vanrell, Maria del Mar & Olga Fernández Soriano. 2013. Variation at the interfaces in Ibero-Romance. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 12. 253–282.10.5565/rev/catjl.63Search in Google Scholar
Velupillai, Viveka. 2015. Pidgins, creoles and mixed languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/cll.48Search in Google Scholar
Winford, Donald. 2003. An introduction to contact linguistics. Blackwell: Oxford.Search in Google Scholar
© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Grammatical change in borderlands Spanish: A variationist analysis of copula variation and progressive expansion in a South Texas bilingual enclave community
- Measuring /s/ variation among younger generations in a migrant settlement in Lima, Peru
- Context of learning and second language development of Spanish vowels
- El castellano del Caribe colombiano en la ciudad de Nueva York: El uso variable de sujetos pronominales
- Microvariación sintáctico-semántica-pragmática: El infinitivo frente al subjuntivo en el español (caribeño y mexicano)
- The intonation of Chota Valley Spanish: Contact-induced phenomena at the discourse-phonology interface
- Dialect comprehension and identification in L2 Spanish: Familiarity and type of exposure
- Rhotics of Taos, New Mexico Spanish: Variation and Change
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Grammatical change in borderlands Spanish: A variationist analysis of copula variation and progressive expansion in a South Texas bilingual enclave community
- Measuring /s/ variation among younger generations in a migrant settlement in Lima, Peru
- Context of learning and second language development of Spanish vowels
- El castellano del Caribe colombiano en la ciudad de Nueva York: El uso variable de sujetos pronominales
- Microvariación sintáctico-semántica-pragmática: El infinitivo frente al subjuntivo en el español (caribeño y mexicano)
- The intonation of Chota Valley Spanish: Contact-induced phenomena at the discourse-phonology interface
- Dialect comprehension and identification in L2 Spanish: Familiarity and type of exposure
- Rhotics of Taos, New Mexico Spanish: Variation and Change