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Understanding mitochondria and the utility of optimization as a canonical framework for identifying and modeling mitochondrial pathways

  • Haym Benaroya ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: February 28, 2022
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of our current understanding of mitochondrial function as a framework to motivate the hypothesis that mitochondrial behavior is governed by optimization principles that are constrained by the laws of the physical and biological sciences. Then, mathematical optimization tools can generally be useful to model some of these processes under reasonable assumptions and limitations. We are specifically interested in optimizations via variational methods, which are briefly summarized. Within such an optimization framework, we suggest that the numerous mechanical instigators of cell and intracellular functioning can be modeled utilizing some of the principles of mechanics that govern engineered systems, as well as by the frequently observed feedback and feedforward mechanisms that coordinate the multitude of processes within cells. These mechanical aspects would need to be coupled to governing biochemical rules. Of course, biological systems are significantly more complex than engineered systems, and require considerably more experimentation to ascertain and characterize parameters and subsequent behavior. That complexity requires well-defined limitations and assumptions for any derived models. Optimality is being motivated as a framework to help us understand how cellular decisions are made, especially those that transition between physiological behaviors and dysfunctions along pathophysiological pathways. We elaborate on our interpretation of optimality and cellular decision making within the body of this paper, as we revisit these ideas in the numerous different contexts of mitochondrial functions.


Corresponding author: Haym Benaroya, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA, E-mail:

Acknowledgements

The author is tremendously grateful to the three reviewers who made valuable recommendations for the improvement of this paper’s organization and content. Thanks and appreciation also go to the Editor-in-Chief who has been gracious in the management of the review process. Finally, much appreciation goes to the authors of the manuscripts from which the images herein have been included, with permission, that have greatly improved the accessibility of the material presented and discussed.

  1. Author contributions: The author has accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2021-10-18
Accepted: 2022-01-25
Published Online: 2022-02-28
Published in Print: 2022-08-26

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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