Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndromes

References

Abou-Zeid, E., Boursoulian, L.J., Metzer, W.S., and Gundogdu, B. (2012). Morvan syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. J. Clin. Neuromusc. Dis. 13, 214–227.10.1097/CND.0b013e31822b1977Search in Google Scholar

Arimura, K., Arimura, Y., Ng, A., Uehara, A., Nakae, M., Osame, M., and Stålberg, E. (2005). The origin of spontaneous discharges in acquired neuromyotonia. A macro EMG study. Clin. Neurophysiol. 116, 1835–1839.10.1016/j.clinph.2005.03.023Search in Google Scholar

Auger, R.G. (1994). Diseases associated with excess motor unit activity. Muscle Nerve 17, 1250–1263.10.1002/mus.880171103Search in Google Scholar

Baker, M., Bostock, H., Grafe, P., and Martius, P. (1987). Function and distribution of three types of rectifying channel in rat spinal root myelinated axons. J. Physiol. 383, 45–67.10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016395Search in Google Scholar

Bauché, S., Boerio, D., Davoine, C.S., Bernard, V., Stum, M., Bureau, C., Fardeau, M., Romero, N.B., Fontaine, B., Koenig, J., et al. (2013). Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability with preterminal nerve and neuromuscular junction remodeling is a hallmark of Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. Neuromusc. Disord. 23, 998–1009.10.1016/j.nmd.2013.07.005Search in Google Scholar

Benatar, M., Chapman, K.M., and Rutkove, S.B. (2004). Repetitive nerve stimulation for the evaluation of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. J. Neurol. Sci. 221, 47–52.10.1016/j.jns.2004.03.025Search in Google Scholar

Bien, C.G., Vincent, A., Barnett, M.H., Becker, A.J., Blümcke, I., Graus, F., Jellinger, K.A., Reuss, D.E., Ribalta, T., Schlegel, J., et al. (2012). Immunopathology of autoantibody-associated encephalitides: clues for pathogenesis. Brain 135, 1622–1638.10.1093/brain/aws082Search in Google Scholar

Bodkin, C.L., Kennelly, K.D., Boylan, K.B., Crook, J.E., Heckman, M.G., and Rubin, D.I. (2009). Defining normal duration for after discharges with repetitive nerve stimulation: a pilot study. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 26, 45–49.10.1097/WNP.0b013e3181968f00Search in Google Scholar

Boland, L.M., Price, D.L., and Jackson, K.A. (1999). Episodic ataxia/myokymia mutations functionally expressed in the Shaker potassium channel. Neuroscience 91, 1557–1564.10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00718-0Search in Google Scholar

Boyaciyan, A., Oge, A.E., Yazici, J., Aslay, I., and Baslo, A. (1996). Electrophysiological findings in patients who received radiation therapy over the brachial plexus: a magnetic stimulation study. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 101, 483–490.10.1016/S0013-4694(96)95630-1Search in Google Scholar

Braune, S., Hentschel, M., Glocker, F.X., and Lücking, C.H. (1998). Involvement of the esophagus in the cramp-fasciculation syndrome. Muscle Nerve 21, 802–804.10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199806)21:6<802::AID-MUS15>3.0.CO;2-USearch in Google Scholar

Browne, D.L., Gancher, S.T., Nutt, J.G., Brunt, E.R., Smith, E.A., Kramer, P., and Litt, M. (1994). Episodic ataxia/myokymia syndrome is associated with point mutations in the human potassium channel gene, KCNA1. Nat. Genet. 8, 136–140.10.1038/ng1094-136Search in Google Scholar

Buckley, C., Oger, J., Clover, L., Tüzün, E., Carpenter, K., Jackson, M.V., and Incent, A. (2001). Potassium channel antibodies in two patients with reversible limbic encephalitis. Ann. Neurol. 50, 73–78.10.1002/ana.1097Search in Google Scholar

Caress, J.B. and Walker, F.O. (2002). The spectrum of ectopic motor nerve behavior: from fasciculations to neuromyotonia. Neurologist 8, 41–46.10.1097/00127893-200201000-00005Search in Google Scholar

Cerami, C., Corbo, M., Piccolo, G., and Iannaccone, S. (2013). Autoimmune neuromyotonia following human papilloma virus vaccination. Muscle Nerve 47, 466–467.10.1002/mus.23648Search in Google Scholar

De Carvalho, M. and Swash, M. (2011). Fasciculation-cramp syndrome preceding anterior horn cell disease: an intermediate syndrome? J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 82, 459–461.10.1136/jnnp.2009.194019Search in Google Scholar

Devathasan, G., Low, D., Teoh, P.C., Wan, S.H., and Wong, P.K. (1984). Complications of chronic glue (toluene) abuse in adolescents. Aust. N. Z. J. Med. 14, 39–43.10.1111/j.1445-5994.1984.tb03583.xSearch in Google Scholar

Deymeer, F., Öge, A.E., Serdaroğlu, P., Yazıcı, J., Özdemir, C., and Baslo, A. (1998). The use of botulinum toxin in localizing neuromyotonia to the terminal branches of the peripheral nerve. Muscle Nerve 21, 643–646.10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199805)21:5<643::AID-MUS12>3.0.CO;2-WSearch in Google Scholar

Dhand, U.K. (2006). Isaacs’ syndrome: clinical and electrophysiological response to gabapentin. Muscle Nerve 34, 646–650.10.1002/mus.20591Search in Google Scholar

Echaniz-Laguna, A., Rene, F., Marcel, C., Bangratz, M., Fontaine, B., Loeffler, J.P., and Nicole, S. (2009). Electrophysiological studies in a mouse model of Schwartz-Jampel syndrome demonstrate muscle fiber hyperactivity of peripheral nerve origin. Muscle Nerve 40, 55–61.10.1002/mus.21253Search in Google Scholar

Eisen, A. (2009). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a 40-year personal perspective. J. Clin. Neurosci. 16, 505–512.10.1016/j.jocn.2008.07.072Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Elovaara, I., Apostolski, S., van Doorn, P., Gilhus, N.E., Hietaharju, A., Honkaniemi, J., van Schaik, I.N., Scolding, N., Soelberg Sørensen, P., Udd, B., et al. (2008). EFNS guidelines for the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of neurological diseases: EFNS Task Force on the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Eur. J. Neurol. 15, 893–908.10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02246.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Entrambasaguas, M., Ortega-Albás, J.J., Martínez-Lozano, M.D., and Díaz, J.R. (2006). Bronchial involvement in the cramp-fasciculation syndrome. Eur. Neurol. 56, 124–126.10.1159/000095703Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Feasby, T., Banwell, B., Benstead, T., Bril, V., Brouwers, M., Freedman, M., Hahn, A., Hume, H., Freedman, J., Pi, D., et al. (2007). Guidelines on the use of intravenous immune globulin for neurologic conditions. Transfus. Med. Rev. 21, 57–107.10.1016/j.tmrv.2007.01.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Fleisher, J., Richie, M., Price, R., Scherer, S., Dalmau, J., and Lancaster, E. (2013). Acquired neuromyotonia heralding recurrent thymoma in myasthenia gravis. JAMA Neurol. 70, 1311–1314.10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.2863Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Ganos, C., Münchau, A., Baumer, T., Gerloff, C., and Magnus, T. (2011). Seventy years of episodic stiffness: an unusual case of neuromyotonia. Mov. Disord. 26, 1360–1366.10.1002/mds.23505Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Ginsburg, G., Forde, R., and Martyn, J.A.J. (2009). Increased sensitivity to a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant in a patient with acquired neuromyotonia. Muscle Nerve 40, 139–142.10.1002/mus.21322Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Gomez-Choco, M.J., Valls-Sole, J., Grau, J.M., and Graus, F. (2005). Episodic hyperhidrosis as the only clinical manifestation of neuromyotonia. Neurology 65, 1331–1332.10.1212/01.wnl.0000180611.98549.99Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Gutman, G.A., Chandy, K.G., Grissmer, S., Lazdunski, M., McKinnon, D., Pardo, L.A., Robertson, G.A., Rudy, B., Sanguinetti, M.C., Stühmer, W., et al. (2005). International Union of Pharmacology. LIII. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels. Pharmacol. Rev. 57, 473–508.10.1124/pr.57.4.10Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Gutmann, L. and Gutmann, L. (2004). Myokymia and neuromyotonia. J. Neurol. 251, 138–142.10.1007/s00415-004-0331-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Gutmann, L., Libell, D., and Gutmann, L. (2001a). When is myokymia neuromyotonia? Muscle Nerve 24, 151–153.10.1002/1097-4598(200102)24:2<151::AID-MUS10>3.0.CO;2-7Search in Google Scholar

Gutmann, L., Tellers, J.G., and Vernino, S. (2001b). Persistent facial myokymia associated with K⁺ channel antibodies. Neurology 57, 1707–1708.10.1212/WNL.57.9.1707Search in Google Scholar

Halbach, M., Hömberg, V., and Freund, H.J. (1987). Neuromuscular, autonomic and central cholinergic hyperactivity associated with thymoma and acetylcholine receptor-binding antibody. J. Neurol. 234, 433–436.10.1007/BF00314093Search in Google Scholar

Harrison, T.B. and Benatar, M. (2007). Accuracy of repetitive nerve stimulation for diagnosis of the cramp-fasciculation syndrome. Muscle Nerve 35, 776–780.10.1002/mus.20774Search in Google Scholar

Hart, I.K., Maddison, P., Newsom-Davis, J., Vincent, A., and Mills, K.R. (2002). Phenotypic variants of autoimmune peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. Brain 125, 1887–1895.10.1093/brain/awf178Search in Google Scholar

Harvey, A.L. and Robertson, B. (2004). Dendrotoxins: structure-activity relationships and effects on potassium ion channels. Curr. Med. Chem. 11, 3065–3072.10.2174/0929867043363820Search in Google Scholar

Hassan, A., Mateen, F.J., Coon, E.A., and Ahlskog, J. (2012). Painful legs and moving toes syndrome: a 76-patient case series. Arch. Neurol. 69, 1032–1038.10.1001/archneurol.2012.161Search in Google Scholar

Helm, T.N., Grover, R., and Beutner, E. (2008). Neoplasia-induced autoimmunity encompasses a spectrum of changes. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 58, 713.10.1016/j.jaad.2007.12.022Search in Google Scholar

Herskovitz, S., Song, H., Cozien, D., and Scelsa, N.S. (2005). Sensory symptoms in acquired neuromyotonia. Neurology 65, 1330–1331.10.1212/01.wnl.0000180688.06885.6fSearch in Google Scholar

Irani, S.R., Alexander, S., Waters, P., Kleopa, K.A., Pettingill, P., Zuliani, L., Peles, E., Buckley, C., Lang, B., and Vincent, A. (2010). Antibodies to Kv1 potassium channel-complex proteins leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein and contactin-associated protein-2 in limbic encephalitis, Morvan’s syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia. Brain 133, 2734–2748.10.1093/brain/awq213Search in Google Scholar

Irani, S.R., Pettingill, P., Kleopa, K.A., Schiza, N., Waters, P., Mazia, C., Zuliani, L., Watanabe, O., Lang, B., Buckley, C., et al. (2012). Morvan syndrome: clinical and serological observations in 29 cases. Ann. Neurol. 72, 241–255.10.1002/ana.23577Search in Google Scholar

Isaacs, H. (1961). A syndrome of continuous muscle fiber activity. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 24, 319–325.10.1136/jnnp.24.4.319Search in Google Scholar

Isaacs, H. (1967). Continuous muscle fibre activity in an Indian male with additional evidence of terminal motor fibre abnormality. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 30, 126–133.10.1136/jnnp.30.2.126Search in Google Scholar

Ishida, S., Sakamoto, Y., Nishio, T., Baulac, S., Kuwamura, M., Ohno, Y., Takizawa, A., Kaneko, S., Serikawa, T., and Mashimo, T. (2012). Kcna1-mutant rats dominantly display myokymia, neuromyotonia and spontaneous epileptic seizures. Brain Res. 1435, 154–166.10.1016/j.brainres.2011.11.023Search in Google Scholar

Josephs, K.A., Silber, M.H., Fealey, R.D., Nippoldt, T.B., Auger, R.G., and Vernino, S. (2004). Neurophysiologic studies in Morvan syndrome. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 21, 440–445.10.1097/00004691-200411000-00008Search in Google Scholar

Kim, N.H., Vincent, A., Irani, S.R., Kim, S.E., Lee, K.W., and Park, K.S. (2013a). Long-term clinical course with voltage-gated potassium channel antibody in Morvan’s syndrome. J. Neurol. 260, 2407–2408.10.1007/s00415-013-7033-9Search in Google Scholar

Kim, Y.M., Lee, S.H., Han, C.S., Choi, E.M., Choi, Y.R., and Chung, M.H. (2013b). Anesthetic experience using total intravenous anesthesia in a patient with Isaacs’ syndrome – a case report. Korean J. Anesthesiol. 64, 164–167.10.4097/kjae.2013.64.2.164Search in Google Scholar

Kleine, B.U., Stegeman, D.F., Drost, G., and Zwarts, M.J. (2008a). Interspike interval analysis in a patient with peripheral nerve hyperexcitability and potassium channel antibodies. Muscle Nerve 37, 269–274.10.1002/mus.20849Search in Google Scholar

Kleine, B.U., Stegeman, D.F., Schelhaas, H.J., and Zwarts, M.J. (2008b). Firing pattern of fasciculations in ALS: evidence for axonal and neuronal origin. Neurology 70, 353–359.10.1212/01.wnl.0000300559.14806.2aSearch in Google Scholar

Lai, M., Huijbers, M.G., Lancaster, E., Graus, F., Bataller, L., Balice-Gordon, R., Cowell, J.K., and Dalmau, J. (2010). Investigation of LGI1 as the antigen in limbic encephalitis previously attributed to potassium channels: a case series. Lancet Neurol. 9, 776–785.10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70137-XSearch in Google Scholar

Lancaster, E., Huijbers, M.G., Bar, V., Boronat, A., Wong, A., Martinez-Hernandez, E., Wilson, C., Jacobs, D., Lai, M., Walker, R.W., et al. (2011). Investigations of caspr2, an autoantigen of encephalitis and neuromyotonia. Ann. Neurol. 69, 303–311.10.1002/ana.22297Search in Google Scholar

Lance, J.W. (1998). Association of lower motor neuron disorders with fasciculation, neuromyotonia and myoclonus. Aust. Paediatr. J. 24, 113–115.Search in Google Scholar

Le Gars, L., Clerc, D., Cariou, D., Lavabre, C., Metral, S., and Bisson, M. (1997). Systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and associated Isaacs’ syndrome. J. Rheumatol. 24, 178–180.Search in Google Scholar

Lee, W., Day, T.J., and Williams, D.R. (2013). Clinical, laboratory and electrophysiological features of Morvan’s fibrillary chorea. J. Clin. Neurosci. 20, 1246–1249.10.1016/j.jocn.2012.10.029Search in Google Scholar

Liewluck, T., Klein, C.J., and Jones, L.K. Jr. (2014). Cramp-fasciculation syndrome in patients with and without neural autoantibodies. Muscle Nerve 49, 351–356.10.1002/mus.23935Search in Google Scholar

Maddison, P. (2006). Neuromyotonia. Clin. Neurophysiol. 117, 2118–2127.10.1016/j.clinph.2006.03.008Search in Google Scholar

Maddison, P., Lawn, N., Mills, K.R., Vincent, A., and Donaghy, M. (1998). Acquired neuromyotonia in a patient with spinal epidural abscess. Muscle Nerve 21, 672–674.10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199805)21:5<672::AID-MUS21>3.0.CO;2-WSearch in Google Scholar

Maddison, P., Mills, K.R., and Newsom-Davis, J. (2006). Clinical electrophysiological characterization of the acquired neuromyotonia phenotype of autoimmune peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. Muscle Nerve 33, 801–808.10.1002/mus.20536Search in Google Scholar

Merchut, M.P. (2010). Management of voltage-gated potassium channel antibody disorders. Neurol. Clin. 28, 941–959.10.1016/j.ncl.2010.03.024Search in Google Scholar

Mygland, A., Vincent, A., Newsom-Davis, J., Kaminski, H., Zorzato, F., Agius, M., Gilhus, N.E., and Aarli, J.A. (2000). Autoantibodies in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis with myositis or neuromyotonia. Arch. Neurol. 57, 527–531.10.1001/archneur.57.4.527Search in Google Scholar

Nagado, T., Arimura, K., Sonoda, Y., Kurono, A., Horikiri, Y., Kameyama, A., Kameyama, M., Pongs, O., and Osame, M. (1999). Potassium current suppression in patients with peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. Brain 122, 2057–2066.10.1093/brain/122.11.2057Search in Google Scholar

Newsom-Davis, J. and Mills, K.R. (1993). Immunological associations of acquired neuromyotonia (Isaacs’ syndrome). Report of five cases and literature review. Brain 116, 453–469.10.1093/brain/116.2.453Search in Google Scholar

Newsom-Davis, J., Buckley, C., Clover, L., Hart, I., Maddison, P., Tüzün, E., and Vincent, A. (2003). Autoimmune disorders of neuronal potassium channels. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 998, 202–210.10.1196/annals.1254.022Search in Google Scholar

Odabasi, Z., Joy, J.L., Claussen, G.C., Herrera, G.A., and Oh, S.J. (1996). Isaacs’ syndrome associated with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 19, 210–215.10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199602)19:2<210::AID-MUS13>3.0.CO;2-YSearch in Google Scholar

Oge, A.E., Boyaciyan, A., Sarp, A., and Yazici, J. (1996). Facial myokymia: segmental demyelination demonstrated by magnetic stimulation. Muscle Nerve 19, 246–249.10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199602)19:2<246::AID-MUS23>3.0.CO;2-RSearch in Google Scholar

Oge, A.E., Yayla, V., Demir, G.A., and Eraksoy, M. (2005). Excitability of facial nucleus and related brain-stem reflexes in hemifacial spasm, post-facial palsy synkinesis and facial myokymia. Clin. Neurophysiol. 116, 1542–1554.10.1016/j.clinph.2005.02.021Search in Google Scholar

Ohkawa, T., Fukata, Y., Yamasaki, M., Miyazaki, T., Yokoi, N., Takashima, H., Watanabe, M., Watanabe, O., and Fukata, M. (2013). Autoantibodies to epilepsy-related LGI1 in limbic encephalitis neutralize LGI1-ADAM22 interaction and reduce synaptic AMPA receptors. J. Neurosci. 33, 18161–18174.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3506-13.2013Search in Google Scholar

O’Sullivan, S.S., Mullins, G.M., Neligan, A., McNamara, B., and Galvin, R.J. (2007). Acquired generalised neuromyotonia, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and alopecia areata in a patient with myasthenia gravis. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 109, 374–375.10.1016/j.clineuro.2006.12.010Search in Google Scholar

Petiot, P., Charles, N., Vial, C., McGregor, B., Aimard, G., Trillet, M., and Bady, B. (1993). Neurological complications caused by gold salts. Nosologic report apropos of a case. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 149, 562–565.Search in Google Scholar

Poliak, S., Salomon, D., Elhanany, H., Sabanay, H., Kiernan, B., Pevny, L., Stewart, C.L., Xu, X., Chiu, S.Y., Shrager, P., et al. (2003). Juxtaparanodal clustering of Shaker-like K+ channels in myelinated axons depends on Caspr2 and TAG-1. J. Cell Biol. 162, 1149–1160.10.1083/jcb.200305018Search in Google Scholar

Pulkes, T., Dejthevaporn, C., Apiwattanakul, M., Papsing, C., and Hanna, M.G. (2012). Paroxysmal neuromyotonia: a new sporadic channelopathy. Neuromusc. Disord. 22, 479–482.10.1016/j.nmd.2012.01.004Search in Google Scholar

Rana, S.S., Ramanathan, R.S., Small, G., and Adamovich, B. (2012). Paraneoplastic Isaacs’ syndrome: a case series and review of the literature. J. Clin. Neuromusc. Dis. 13, 228–233.10.1097/CND.0b013e318246197dSearch in Google Scholar

Reeback, J., Benton, S., Swash, M., and Schwartz, M.S. (1979). Penicillamine-induced neuromyotonia. Br. Med. J. 1, 1464–1465.10.1136/bmj.1.6176.1464Search in Google Scholar

Rubio-Agusti, I.R., Perez-Miralles, F., Sevilla, T., Muelas, N., Chumillas, M.J., Mayordomo, F., Azorin, I., Carmona, E., Moscardo, F., Palau, J., et al. (2011). Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. A clinical and immunologic study of 38 patients. Neurology 76, 172–178.10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182061b1eSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Shillito, P., Molenaar, P.C., Vincent, A., Leys, K., Zheng, W., van den Berg, R.J., Plomp, J.J., van Kempen, G.T., Chauplannaz, G., Wintzen, A.R., et al. (1995). Acquired neuromyotonia: evidence for autoantibodies directed against K⁺ channels of peripheral nerves. Ann. Neurol. 38, 714–722.10.1002/ana.410380505Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Simon, N.G., Reddel, S.W., Kiernan, M.C., and Layzer, R. (2013). Muscle-specific kinase antibodies: a novel cause of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability? Muscle Nerve 48, 819–823.10.1002/mus.23907Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Skeie, G.O., Apostolski, S., Evoli, A., Gilhus, N.E., Hart, I.K., Harms, L., Hilton-Jones, D., Melms, A., Verschuuren, J., and Horge, H.W. (2006). Guidelines for the treatment of autoimmune neuromuscular transmission disorders. Eur. J. Neurol. 13, 691–699.10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01476.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Tahmoush, A.J., Alonso, R.J., Tahmoush, G.P., and Heiman-Patterson, T.D. (1991). Cramp-fasciculation syndrome: a treatable hyperexcitable peripheral nerve disorder. Neurology 41, 1021–1024.10.1212/WNL.41.7.1021Search in Google Scholar

Takahashi, H., Mori, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Misawa, S., Sawai, S., Hattori, T., and Kuwabara, S. (2008). Development of Isaacs’ syndrome following complete recovery of voltage-gated potassium channel antibody-associated limbic encephalitis. J. Neurol. Sci. 275, 185–187.10.1016/j.jns.2008.07.034Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Tan, K.M., Lennon, V.A., Klein, C.J., Boeve, B.F., and Pittock, S.J. (2008). Clinical spectrum of voltage-gated potassium channel autoimmunity. Neurology 70, 1883–1890.10.1212/01.wnl.0000312275.04260.a0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Tomimitsu, H., Arimura, K., Nagado, T., Watanabe, O., Otsuka, R., Kurono, A., Sonoda, Y., Osame, M., and Kameyama, M. (2004). Mechanism of action of voltage-gated K+ channel antibodies in acquired neuromyotonia. Ann. Neurol. 56, 440–444.10.1002/ana.20221Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Toyka, K.V., Zielasek, J., Ricker, K., Adlkofer, K., and Suter, U. (1997). Hereditary neuromyotonia: a mouse model associated with deficiency or increased gene dosage of the PMP22 gene. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 63, 812–813.10.1136/jnnp.63.6.812Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Turner, M.R., Madkhana, A., Ebers, G.C., Clover, L., Vincent, A., McGavin, G., Sarrigiannis, P., Kennett, R., and Warrell, D.A. (2006). Wasp sting induced autoimmune neuromyotonia. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 77, 704–705.10.1136/jnnp.2005.075283Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Tüzün, E., Kinay, D., Hacohen, Y., Aysal, F., and Vincent, A. (2013). Guillain-Barré-like syndrome associated with lung adenocarcinoma and CASPR2 antibodies. Muscle Nerve 48, 836–837.10.1002/mus.23851Search in Google Scholar

Van Zandycke, M., Martin, J.J., Vande Gaer, L., and Van den Heyning, P. (1982). Facial myokymia in the Guillain-Barré syndrome: a clinicopathologic study. Neurology 32, 744–748.10.1212/WNL.32.7.744Search in Google Scholar

Viallard, J.F., Vincent, A., Moreau, J.F., Parrens, M., Pellegrin, J.L., and Ellie, E. (2005). Thymoma-associated neuromyotonia with antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels presenting as chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Eur. Neurol. 53, 60–63.10.1159/000084300Search in Google Scholar

Vincent, A. and Irani, S.R. (2010). Caspr2 antibodies in patients with thymomas. J. Thorac. Oncol. 5, 277–2780.10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181f23f04Search in Google Scholar

Vincent, A., Jacobson, L., Plested, P., Polizzi, A., Tang, T., Riemersma, S., Newland, C., Ghorazian, S., Farrar, J., MacLennan, C., et al. (1998). Antibodies affecting ion channel function in acquired neuromyotonia, in seropositive and seronegative myasthenia gravis, and in antibody-mediated arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 841, 482–496.10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10968.xSearch in Google Scholar

Vincent, A., Buckley, C., Schott, J.M., Baker, I., Dewar, B.K., Detert, N., Clover, L., Parkinson, A., Bien, C.G., Omer, S., et al. (2004). Potassium channel antibody-associated encephalopathy: a potentially immunotherapy-responsive form of limbic encephalitis. Brain 127, 701–712.10.1093/brain/awh077Search in Google Scholar

Vincent, A., Bien, C.G., Irani, S.R., and Waters, P. (2011). Autoantibodies associated with diseases of the CNS: new developments and future challenges. Lancet Neurol. 10, 759–772.10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70096-5Search in Google Scholar

Wang, H., Kunkel, D.D., Martin, T.M., Schwartzkroin, P.A., and Tempel, B.L. (1993). Heteromultimeric K+ channels in terminal and juxtaparanodal regions of neurons. Nature 365, 75–79.10.1038/365075a0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Zambelis, T., Licomanos, D., Leonardos, A., and Potagas, C. (2009). Neuromyotonia in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Neurol. Sci. 30, 495–497.10.1007/s10072-009-0140-9Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Zhao, H., Race, V., Matthijs, G., De Jonghe, P., Robberecht, W., Lambrechts, D., and Van Damme, P. (2014). Exome sequencing reveals HINT1 mutations as a cause of distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 22, 847–850.10.1038/ejhg.2013.231Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central