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Challenges to free will: transgenerational epigenetic information, unconscious processes, and vanishing twin syndrome

  • István Bókkon EMAIL logo , József Pál Vas , Noémi Császár and Tünde Lukács
Published/Copyright: November 15, 2013
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Abstract

Here, we present various research results and thoughts with the intention of challenging notions about free choice. Namely, we describe the concept of transgenerational transmission of epigenetic information and discuss its non-conscious effects on cognitive abilities, behavioral and emotional patterns, and responses with regard to one’s life and decisions, and the impact these have on the concept of free will. In addition, we discuss the essential role of unconscious mechanisms in human decision processes. We also show that twin loss in the womb can have a powerful lifelong impact on the surviving twin through non-conscious context-dependent epigenetic changes. Finally, we hypothesize that human explicit self-consciousness may be an active executer that intermediates between unconsciousness and the external environment by means of feedback and feed-forward interactions. This executive function makes it possible for self-consciousness to continuously develop in self-organized evolution.


Corresponding author: István Bókkon, Vision Research Institute, 25 Rita Street, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; and Láng E. 68, H-1238 Budapest, Hungary, e-mail:

The authors gratefully thank Christian Agrillo (Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy) for the critical comments, and Alexis Pietak (Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada) for the critical comments and editing.

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content.

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Received: 2013-8-24
Accepted: 2013-10-17
Published Online: 2013-11-15
Published in Print: 2014-02-01

©2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston

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