Startseite Triazole fungicides induce genotoxicity via oxidative stress in mammals in vivo: a comprehensive review
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Triazole fungicides induce genotoxicity via oxidative stress in mammals in vivo: a comprehensive review

  • Lucas Vilas Bôas Correia , Gabriel Carvalhal de Aguiar , Aparecida Marta Regina dos Santos Pereira , Lucas de Santana Cardoso Thomaz , Isabelly Cristina Correia dos Santos de Oliveira , Renata de Britto Mari , Juliana Elaine Perobelli , Daniel Araki Ribeiro und Regina Cláudia Barbosa da Silva EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 20. Oktober 2025
Reviews on Environmental Health
Aus der Zeitschrift Reviews on Environmental Health

Abstract

This systematic review aimed to assess the genotoxic effects of triazole compounds authorized for use in Brazil in in vivo studies involving mammalian tissues and organs. A comprehensive search was conducted in specialized literature databases, including Embase, Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus using the following keywords: “triazoles,” “mutagenicity,” “genotoxicity,” “mammals,” “mammalian cells,” “eukaryotic cells,” “rodents,” “rats,” “mice,” and “in vivo” for all data published until February 2025. A total of 15 studies were included. The findings demonstrated that exposure to triazole fungicides (BRO, DFC, EPX, PPZ and TEB) induce genotoxicity in different mammalian tissues or organs in vivo. This genotoxic effect was manifested through various biological alterations, including increased DNA damage, the formation of micronuclei and adducts, as well as elevated rates of genetic mutations. Furthermore, these chemicals demonstrated the ability to induce oxidative stress, suggesting that this mechanism plays a central role in the genotoxicity associated with these chemicals. This review demonstrated that triazole fungicides induce genotoxicity in mammalian tissues and organs in vivo, with oxidative stress acting as a possible key mechanism in this process. Additionally, these findings underscore the importance of maintaining national pesticide residue monitoring programs (PARA), promoting good agricultural practices, and enforcing maximum residue limit (MRLs) programs, as well as conducting further research on the chronic effects of triazole fungicides, particularly among vulnerable populations in Brazil and worldwide. Such measures are crucial for safeguarding human health and protecting the environment.

Keywords: triazoles; in vivo ; mammals; genotoxicity; mutagenicity; oxidative stress
Corresponding author: Prof. Dra. Regina Claudia Barbosa da Silva, Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 306, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil, E-mail:

Funding source: Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Award Identifier / Grant number: Finance Code 001

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  5. Research funding: This study was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.

  6. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2025-04-21
Accepted: 2025-09-29
Published Online: 2025-10-20

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2025-0051
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
triazoles; in vivo; mammals; genotoxicity; mutagenicity; oxidative stress
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