The prevalence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in conventional and industrial dairy products (yogurt, cheese, kashk and dough) of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Pouran Makhdoumi
,
Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a toxic metabolite produced mainly by Aspergillus spp. which may occur in dairy products because of biotransformation. In this work, a systematic and meta-analysis approach has been considered on the topic of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) content in dairy Iranian products. Based on the literature review, AFM1 was the most common aflatoxin contamination in dairy product. Additionally, studies revealed that higher levels of AFM1 were produced during cold seasons includes winter and autumn. Although, immunochemical technique (ELISA) was the frequent and rapid test, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and chromatographic methods (HPLC) were commonly used as confirmative techniques to determine the level of aflatoxin. Meta-analyzing of the results showed that AFM1 can be found in the dairy products with overall prevalence percentage of 63.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.28–70.78) and 54.05 (95% CI: 43.09–65.02) based on the sample type and production process, respectively. The higher prevalence percentage of AFM1 of 73.96 (95% CI: 60.27–87.66) and 69.91 (95% CI: 62.00–78.83) was found in yoghurt and industrial production type of samples, respectively. In general, 17.8% of cheese, 14% of yogurt, 12.63% of kashk, and 2.1% of doogh contained AFM1 in concentrations exceeding the permitted level of standards. Totally, results showed that 88.89% of dairy products were contaminated by AFM1 exceeding from standard limits.
Funding source: Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Award Identifier / Grant number: 990093
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Research funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge the Research Council of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (Grant Number: 990093) for financial support.
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Author contributions: Pouran Makhdoumi: Writing-Reviewing, Original draft preparation; Hooshyar Hossini: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software editing; Reza Mohammadi and Mojtaba Limoee Visualization, Validation, Reviewing.
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Competing interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
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- Novel study on microbial fuel cells via a comprehensive bibliometric and dynamic approach
- The aflatoxin B1 content of peanut-based foods in Iran: a systematic review
- Review Articles
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- Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, part 1. Rising ambient EMF levels in the environment
- The prevalence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in conventional and industrial dairy products (yogurt, cheese, kashk and dough) of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- A systematic review on the metabolic effects of chlorpyrifos
- Letter to the Editor
- 5G wireless communication and health effects: a commentary
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Mini Reviews
- Environmental and occupational exposure to metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson’s disease in low and middle-income countries: a narrative review
- Novel study on microbial fuel cells via a comprehensive bibliometric and dynamic approach
- The aflatoxin B1 content of peanut-based foods in Iran: a systematic review
- Review Articles
- Hippocampal toxicity of metal base nanoparticles. Is there a relationship between nanoparticles and psychiatric disorders?
- Heat exposure and workers’ health: a systematic review
- Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants as a risk factor of offspring metabolic syndrome development during childhood
- Adverse effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular diseases
- Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, part 1. Rising ambient EMF levels in the environment
- The prevalence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in conventional and industrial dairy products (yogurt, cheese, kashk and dough) of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- A systematic review on the metabolic effects of chlorpyrifos
- Letter to the Editor
- 5G wireless communication and health effects: a commentary
