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Environmental and occupational exposure to metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson’s disease in low and middle-income countries: a narrative review

  • Maria Ana Gonzalez-Alvarez ORCID logo EMAIL logo , David Hernandez-Bonilla ORCID logo , Noel Isaias Plascencia-Alvarez ORCID logo , Horacio Riojas-Rodriguez ORCID logo and Diego Rosselli ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: March 26, 2021
Reviews on Environmental Health
From the journal Reviews on Environmental Health Volume 37 Issue 1

Abstract

Objectives

We designed and conducted a narrative review consistent with the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018099498) to evaluate the association between environmental metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) in low and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Methods

Data sources: A total of 19 databases were screened, and 2,048 references were gathered. Study selection: Randomized controlled trials, cluster trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, nested case-control studies, ecological studies, cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports carried out in human adults of LMIC, in which the association between at least one of these three metals and the primary outcome were reported. Data extraction: We extracted qualitative and quantitative data. The primary outcome was PD cases, defined by clinical criteria. A qualitative analysis was conducted.

Results

Fourteen observational studies fulfilled the selection criteria. Considerable variation was observed between these studies’ methodologies for the measurement of metal exposure and outcome assessment. A fraction of studies suggested an association between the exposure and primary outcome; nevertheless, these findings should be weighted and appraised on the studies’ design and its implementation limitations, flaws, and implications.

Conclusions

Further research is required to confirm a potential risk of metal exposure and its relationship to PD. To our awareness, this is the first attempt to evaluate the association between environmental and occupational exposure to metals and PD in LMIC settings using the social determinants of health as a framework.

Keywords: environmental and occupational risk factors; low and middle – income countries; metallic mineral; neurodegenerative; neurotoxicity; Parkinsonism
Corresponding author: Maria Ana Gonzalez-Alvarez, MD, MSc, Clinical Epidemiology, and Biostatistics Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 40-62, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia, E-mail:

Acknowledgements

This study was conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Master of Science degree in International Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. We thank all Institute of Tropical Medicine and the International Health Department’s members, especially Dr. Hans-Friedemann Kinkel, for his guidance and support.

  1. Research funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was present in all original articles.

  5. Ethical approval: The Tropical Medicine and the International Health Department in Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin approved the conducted research.

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Received: 2020-10-13
Accepted: 2021-03-08
Published Online: 2021-03-26
Published in Print: 2022-03-28

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Mini Reviews
  3. Environmental and occupational exposure to metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson’s disease in low and middle-income countries: a narrative review
  4. Novel study on microbial fuel cells via a comprehensive bibliometric and dynamic approach
  5. The aflatoxin B1 content of peanut-based foods in Iran: a systematic review
  6. Review Articles
  7. Hippocampal toxicity of metal base nanoparticles. Is there a relationship between nanoparticles and psychiatric disorders?
  8. Heat exposure and workers’ health: a systematic review
  9. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants as a risk factor of offspring metabolic syndrome development during childhood
  10. Adverse effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular diseases
  11. Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, part 1. Rising ambient EMF levels in the environment
  12. The prevalence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in conventional and industrial dairy products (yogurt, cheese, kashk and dough) of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  13. A systematic review on the metabolic effects of chlorpyrifos
  14. Letter to the Editor
  15. 5G wireless communication and health effects: a commentary
https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0140
Keywords for this article
environmental and occupational risk factors; low and middle – income countries; metallic mineral; neurodegenerative; neurotoxicity; Parkinsonism

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Mini Reviews
  3. Environmental and occupational exposure to metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson’s disease in low and middle-income countries: a narrative review
  4. Novel study on microbial fuel cells via a comprehensive bibliometric and dynamic approach
  5. The aflatoxin B1 content of peanut-based foods in Iran: a systematic review
  6. Review Articles
  7. Hippocampal toxicity of metal base nanoparticles. Is there a relationship between nanoparticles and psychiatric disorders?
  8. Heat exposure and workers’ health: a systematic review
  9. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants as a risk factor of offspring metabolic syndrome development during childhood
  10. Adverse effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular diseases
  11. Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, part 1. Rising ambient EMF levels in the environment
  12. The prevalence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in conventional and industrial dairy products (yogurt, cheese, kashk and dough) of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  13. A systematic review on the metabolic effects of chlorpyrifos
  14. Letter to the Editor
  15. 5G wireless communication and health effects: a commentary
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