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Selective acid-functionalized mesoporous silica catalyst for conversion of glycerol to monoglycerides: state of the art and future prospects

  • Lilis Hermida

    Lilis Hermida is a senior lecturer at the Faculty of Engineering, Lampung University, Indonesia. She obtained her MSc and doctorate degree from Universiti Sains Malaysia in 2011 and 2014, respectively. Her areas of expertise are catalysis and reaction engineering, particularly in oleochemical conversions to various value-added products. Many of her works have been published in international journals in the areas of chemical engineering and catalysis.

    , Hadis Amani

    Hadis Amani received her PhD in Chemical Engineering/Environmental Catalysis for sustainable and renewable energy, from the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) in 2015. Afterwards she worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the School of Chemical Engineering, USM, on heterogeneous catalysts for lactic acid production. She currently works as postdoctoral researcher at Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Germany. Her present research interests are biomass-derived production, catalytic reaction in continuous reactor and the impact of nylon precursor preparation for applications in heterogeneous catalysts to produce methyl pentenoate from γ-valerolactone.

    , Samrand Saeidi

    Samrand Saeidi is currently a senior lecturer at the Department of Wood and Paper Science, Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. His national project entitled “Manufacturing of smart wood composites” has been appointed to be commercialized for the first time in Iran. He is a PhD holder in chemical engineering (CO2 utilization, modelling and simulation of membrane reactors). However, considering his passion for tissue engineering in general, and nanotechnology applications in particular, he has recently shifted his studies towards tissue engineering.

    , Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah

    Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah received his B. Tech (Hons), MSc and PhD in 1995, 2000 and 2004, respectively. His research works mostly encompass nanoporous materials and their applications involved in waste treatment, oleochemical conversions, green technology and production of renewable energy sources. He has been involved in the propagation of science and technology through more than 200 refereed publications in journals and book chapters mainly as the main author, and also as a technical committee member of nearly 70 international scientific conferences held across the globe. Several invitations have been received to share his research experience in Malaysia, Japan, Indonesia and Laos. He is one of the recipients of the Top Research Scientist Malaysia 2014 award. He is currently attached to School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

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    and Abdul Rahman Mohamed

    Abdul Rahman Mohamed is currently the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Industry and Community Network of Universiti Sains Malaysia. The former Dean of the School of Chemical Engineering USM is also currently the director of “Sciences and Arts Innovation Space” or SAINS@USM. He is a recipient of Top Research Scientist Malaysia (TRSM) award and is an expert in reaction engineering and catalysis, air pollution monitoring and control, fuel technology and nanotechnology. He obtained his undergraduate degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Southern California, USA and later graduated with a Master of Science (Chem. Eng.) and PhD in the same field from the University of New Hampshire, both in the United States. He was one of the seven researchers from USM to receive the Malaysia’s Rising Star Award in 2015 as a recognition for successfully producing articles with publications cited in the top 1% in the world, in reference to the data from the Web of Science (WoS) and Incites.

Published/Copyright: May 3, 2017
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Abstract

The quest for efficient and selective catalysts for conversion of glycerol monoglyceride is critical for the development of reliable methods for its synthesis. Thus, various types of catalyst and methods of catalyst manufacturing for conversion of glycerol to monoglycerides have been investigated. Acid-functionalized mesoporous catalysts are emerging as highly efficient catalysts for conversion of glycerol into monoglyceride. The incorporation of acid components into different mesoporous silicas for this application is reviewed in this work. The superiority of mesostructure catalysts in comparison to microporous catalysts has been elucidated in terms of accessibility to active sites, pore diffusion, thermal stability of the catalyst and catalyst reusability. Recent direction of novel acid-functionalized mesoporous catalysts development for this application is also critically reviewed.

About the authors

Lilis Hermida

Lilis Hermida is a senior lecturer at the Faculty of Engineering, Lampung University, Indonesia. She obtained her MSc and doctorate degree from Universiti Sains Malaysia in 2011 and 2014, respectively. Her areas of expertise are catalysis and reaction engineering, particularly in oleochemical conversions to various value-added products. Many of her works have been published in international journals in the areas of chemical engineering and catalysis.

Hadis Amani

Hadis Amani received her PhD in Chemical Engineering/Environmental Catalysis for sustainable and renewable energy, from the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) in 2015. Afterwards she worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the School of Chemical Engineering, USM, on heterogeneous catalysts for lactic acid production. She currently works as postdoctoral researcher at Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Germany. Her present research interests are biomass-derived production, catalytic reaction in continuous reactor and the impact of nylon precursor preparation for applications in heterogeneous catalysts to produce methyl pentenoate from γ-valerolactone.

Samrand Saeidi

Samrand Saeidi is currently a senior lecturer at the Department of Wood and Paper Science, Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. His national project entitled “Manufacturing of smart wood composites” has been appointed to be commercialized for the first time in Iran. He is a PhD holder in chemical engineering (CO2 utilization, modelling and simulation of membrane reactors). However, considering his passion for tissue engineering in general, and nanotechnology applications in particular, he has recently shifted his studies towards tissue engineering.

Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah

Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah received his B. Tech (Hons), MSc and PhD in 1995, 2000 and 2004, respectively. His research works mostly encompass nanoporous materials and their applications involved in waste treatment, oleochemical conversions, green technology and production of renewable energy sources. He has been involved in the propagation of science and technology through more than 200 refereed publications in journals and book chapters mainly as the main author, and also as a technical committee member of nearly 70 international scientific conferences held across the globe. Several invitations have been received to share his research experience in Malaysia, Japan, Indonesia and Laos. He is one of the recipients of the Top Research Scientist Malaysia 2014 award. He is currently attached to School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Abdul Rahman Mohamed is currently the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Industry and Community Network of Universiti Sains Malaysia. The former Dean of the School of Chemical Engineering USM is also currently the director of “Sciences and Arts Innovation Space” or SAINS@USM. He is a recipient of Top Research Scientist Malaysia (TRSM) award and is an expert in reaction engineering and catalysis, air pollution monitoring and control, fuel technology and nanotechnology. He obtained his undergraduate degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Southern California, USA and later graduated with a Master of Science (Chem. Eng.) and PhD in the same field from the University of New Hampshire, both in the United States. He was one of the seven researchers from USM to receive the Malaysia’s Rising Star Award in 2015 as a recognition for successfully producing articles with publications cited in the top 1% in the world, in reference to the data from the Web of Science (WoS) and Incites.

Nomenclature

Å

angstrom

BET

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

CFA

fatty acid concentration

FTIR

Fourier transform infrared

CG

glycerol concentration

HPA

heteropoly acids

HRTEM

high resolution transmission electron microscope

AAL2

mechanism of esterification reaction through alcohol

AAC2

mechanism of esterification reaction through carboxylic acid

MPMDS

mercaptopropyl(methyl)dimethoxysilane

MPTMS

mercaptopropyltrialkoxylane

NMR

nuclear magnetic resonance

PTES

phenyltriethoxysilane

SEM

scanning electron microscope

TEOS

tetraethoxyorthosilicate

TGA

thermogravimetric analysis

TEM

transmission electron microscopy

TMA

trimethyl aluminium

C12TAB

trimethylammonium bromides

TLCT

true liquid-crystal template mechanism

XRD

X-ray diffractometer

Acknowledgments

A TRGS grant from the Ministry of Higher Education (6762001) and a Research University (RU 814181) grant from the Universiti Sains Malaysia to support our research work on monoglyceride production are gratefully acknowledged.

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Received: 2016-9-11
Accepted: 2017-1-11
Published Online: 2017-5-3
Published in Print: 2018-2-23

©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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