Forward osmosis: understanding the hype
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Bart Van der Bruggen
Bart Van der Bruggen is a professor at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven) in Belgium, where he leads a group of 20 PhD students in the research division “Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems” within the Department of Chemical Engineering. He has authored more than 250 publications in international journals (current h-factor: 43) and 25 book chapters. He received several national and international prizes as recognition for his work, including the Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water, 4th Award (2008–2010) in the 3rd Branch – Alternative (Non-traditional) Water Resources. He has been the president of the European Membrane Society (EMS) since 2013. Since 2014 he is also extraordinary professor in Tshwane University of Technology (South Africa) and visiting professor in Dalian University of Technology (China).
und
Patricia Luis
Patricia Luis is a professor at the University of Louvain-la-Neuve (UCL), Belgium, in the division of Materials and Process Engineering. Her main research interests address CO2 capture and recovery using membrane contactors and process intensification in the chemical industry by applying advanced separation technology and exergetic and environmental analyses. She has authored more than 50 publications in these fields with more than 500 citations. Since 2013 she has been a member of the Editorial Board of
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology and, since 2014, a member of the Editorial Board ofSeparation and Purification Technology .
Abstract
The scientific interest in forward osmosis has increased dramatically over the last decade. The hype has resulted in a high scientific production, but research activities seem to go in all directions, and the real benefits of the process are not always well understood. This paper aims to give some directions based on the current state of the art. Without going into details about the process itself, the current research lines and their background are described. While some of these are important, others – notably the search for alternative draw solutions – have become the Holy Grail of forward osmosis. The further analysis of the process is based on suggested applications and uses the observations made on contemporary research topics in the field. At first, direct application of forward osmosis for potable water production is considered. This leads back to the research challenges of the reverse draw solute flux, concentration polarization, and the regeneration of the draw solution. Special attention is given to desalination, as forward osmosis is often incorrectly denoted as a desalination technology. It can be used in the context of desalination; however, the question remains in which applications this is of interest. Combining desalination and wastewater treatment is one such interesting application, which is further described in this paper for some types of wastewater found in the literature. In the last part, the paper emphasizes the need to develop processes in which the challenge of the draw solution is intrinsically solved. The foremost example of such application is the one for which forward osmosis was developed four decades ago: the use of impaired water sources diluted through a forward osmosis membrane by using a concentrated fertilizer solution to provide osmotic pressure. This application was suggested four decades ago but was never applied on any scale. Process economics and an insufficiently developed technology may have been the basis of this failure. However, a renewed focus on such applications would allow forward osmosis to come to its real potential and contribute to solving the global water challenge.
About the authors
Bart Van der Bruggen is a professor at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven) in Belgium, where he leads a group of 20 PhD students in the research division “Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems” within the Department of Chemical Engineering. He has authored more than 250 publications in international journals (current h-factor: 43) and 25 book chapters. He received several national and international prizes as recognition for his work, including the Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water, 4th Award (2008–2010) in the 3rd Branch – Alternative (Non-traditional) Water Resources. He has been the president of the European Membrane Society (EMS) since 2013. Since 2014 he is also extraordinary professor in Tshwane University of Technology (South Africa) and visiting professor in Dalian University of Technology (China).
Patricia Luis is a professor at the University of Louvain-la-Neuve (UCL), Belgium, in the division of Materials and Process Engineering. Her main research interests address CO2 capture and recovery using membrane contactors and process intensification in the chemical industry by applying advanced separation technology and exergetic and environmental analyses. She has authored more than 50 publications in these fields with more than 500 citations. Since 2013 she has been a member of the Editorial Board of Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology and, since 2014, a member of the Editorial Board of Separation and Purification Technology.
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©2015 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Forward osmosis: understanding the hype
- Extractive distillation: recent advances in operation strategies
- Removal of organic sulfur compounds from diesel by adsorption on carbon materials
- Challenges and recommendations for using membranes in wastewater-based microbial fuel cells for in situ Fenton oxidation for textile wastewater treatment
- A comprehensive review on biodegradable polymers and their blends used in controlled-release fertilizer processes
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Forward osmosis: understanding the hype
- Extractive distillation: recent advances in operation strategies
- Removal of organic sulfur compounds from diesel by adsorption on carbon materials
- Challenges and recommendations for using membranes in wastewater-based microbial fuel cells for in situ Fenton oxidation for textile wastewater treatment
- A comprehensive review on biodegradable polymers and their blends used in controlled-release fertilizer processes
