A review of milk fouling on heat exchanger surfaces
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Emad Sadeghinezhad
Mr. E. Sadeghinezhad received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from University of Shahid Bahonr, Kerman, and Master of Engineering Science from University of Malaya, Malaysia. He is now pursuing his PhD in the field of heat transfer, fouling and thermodynamics from the University of Malaya. His major interests are heat transfer fluids, numerical and experimental multiphase flow, fouling and its mitigation and heat-exchanging devices.
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Salim Newaz Kazi
Dr. S.N. Kazi has 18 years of engineering service experience in petrochemical industries. His academic background includes a BSc in Mechanical Engineering, Masters in Mechanical Engineering and PhD in Chemical and Materials Engineering. He has 49 technical papers published in national and international journals and conference proceedings. He has worked as a consultant for Crown Agents Services Ltd. At present he is working as an academic in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Dr. Ahmad Badaruddin received his MEng from the University of London, UK, and PhD from Cranfield University, UK, in turbulence modeling. His area of expertise includes computational fluid dynamics (hybrid flow solver development, large eddy simulation, synthetic turbulence, heat transfer with nanofluids, multiphase flow with phase change, building and environment). At present he is working as an academic staff at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mr. M. Nashrul received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from University of Malaya, Malaysia, and Master of Engineering Science (Research) from Monash University, Australia. He is now pursuing his PhD in the field of heat transfer and thermodynamics from University of Malaya. His major interests are heat transfer fluids, numerical and experimental multiphase flow, fouling and its mitigation and heat-exchanging devices.
Babak Lotfizadeh Dehkordi received his BSc in Mechanical Engineering from the Shahrekod University, Iran, in 2009. He studied thermophysical properties of nanofluids, which is a bridge between heat transfer and nanotechnology (material), and finished his master’s at the University of Malaya in 2011. At present, he is conducting research on developing nanofluids, augmentation of heat transfer and renewable energy.
Mr. Oon Cheen Sean graduated from the University Malaysia Perlis with a major in mechanical engineering in 2010. He received the Graduate Engineer award from the Board of Engineering Malaysia in 2011. He received the Fellowship Award for further studies and obtained his MEng in Mechanical Engineering from University of Malaya. He has published more than six technical papers on heat transfer research.
Abstract
Formation of deposits on heat exchanger surfaces during operation rapidly increases the thermal resistance and reduces the operating service life. Product quality is deteriorated by fouling, which causes reduction of proper heating. The chemistry of fouling from milk fluids is qualitatively understood, and mathematical models for fouling at low temperatures exist, but the behavior of systems at ultrahigh temperature processing is still not clearly understood. The effect of whey protein fouling on heat transfer performance and pressure drop in heat exchangers was investigated by many researchers in diversified fields. Among them, adding additives, electromagnetic means, treating of heat exchanger surfaces and changing of heat exchanger configurations are notable. The present review highlighted information about previous work on fouling, parameters influencing fouling and its mitigation approach.
About the authors
Mr. E. Sadeghinezhad received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from University of Shahid Bahonr, Kerman, and Master of Engineering Science from University of Malaya, Malaysia. He is now pursuing his PhD in the field of heat transfer, fouling and thermodynamics from the University of Malaya. His major interests are heat transfer fluids, numerical and experimental multiphase flow, fouling and its mitigation and heat-exchanging devices.
Dr. S.N. Kazi has 18 years of engineering service experience in petrochemical industries. His academic background includes a BSc in Mechanical Engineering, Masters in Mechanical Engineering and PhD in Chemical and Materials Engineering. He has 49 technical papers published in national and international journals and conference proceedings. He has worked as a consultant for Crown Agents Services Ltd. At present he is working as an academic in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Dr. Ahmad Badaruddin received his MEng from the University of London, UK, and PhD from Cranfield University, UK, in turbulence modeling. His area of expertise includes computational fluid dynamics (hybrid flow solver development, large eddy simulation, synthetic turbulence, heat transfer with nanofluids, multiphase flow with phase change, building and environment). At present he is working as an academic staff at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mr. M. Nashrul received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from University of Malaya, Malaysia, and Master of Engineering Science (Research) from Monash University, Australia. He is now pursuing his PhD in the field of heat transfer and thermodynamics from University of Malaya. His major interests are heat transfer fluids, numerical and experimental multiphase flow, fouling and its mitigation and heat-exchanging devices.
Babak Lotfizadeh Dehkordi received his BSc in Mechanical Engineering from the Shahrekod University, Iran, in 2009. He studied thermophysical properties of nanofluids, which is a bridge between heat transfer and nanotechnology (material), and finished his master’s at the University of Malaya in 2011. At present, he is conducting research on developing nanofluids, augmentation of heat transfer and renewable energy.
Mr. Oon Cheen Sean graduated from the University Malaysia Perlis with a major in mechanical engineering in 2010. He received the Graduate Engineer award from the Board of Engineering Malaysia in 2011. He received the Fellowship Award for further studies and obtained his MEng in Mechanical Engineering from University of Malaya. He has published more than six technical papers on heat transfer research.
The authors gratefully acknowledge High Impact Research Grant UM.C/HIR/MOHE/ENG/45 and University of Malaya, Malaysia, for support to conduct this research work.
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