Colour Stability of Natural Adhesives – Light Ageing of Adhesive Films and Colour Changes of Pigment Layers after Aerosol Application
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Andrea Pataki-Hundt
Andrea Pataki-Hundt is scientific staff member of the conservation laboratory since 1998 at the conservation education programme for conservation of works of art on paper, archives- and library materials at the State Academy of Art and Design Stuttgart, where she also obtained her diploma (1997) and her PhD (2005). In the year 1998 she was an advanced fellow at the Walters Art Museum Baltimore, support by the Academic Exchange Programme (DAAD). From 2007 to 2009 she conducted a two-year postdoctoral research programme funded by the Landesstiftung Baden-Württemberg. In spring 2008 she was invited as a museum guest scholar at the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
and
Eva Hummert
Eva Hummert is a graduate of the conservation education programme for conservation of works of art on paper, archive- and library material at the State Academy of Art and Design Stuttgart, where she obtained her diploma (2007). She finished her PhD at the State Academy of Art and Design in 2014 and investigated the penetration behaviour of aerosols in friable pigment layers. From 2011 to 2014 she worked as scientific staff member of the conservation laboratory and in the winter term 2015 she held the position as a supply professor at the FHTW in Berlin. She works now as a freelance conservator in Berlin.
Abstract
Two aspects of consolidation of powdery paint layers are discussed in this paper: First, the colour stability of different consolidation media including cellulose and protein based materials was evaluated. Film sheet samples of the adhesives were exposed to a Xenontester for 276 hours to reach Blue Wool Standard 7. Light exposure caused loss of colour rather than yellowing in most adhesives which correlates to microfading tests. Secondly, colour changes of the pigment layer during application of consolidation media with an aerosol generator were examined. Any shift of colour results in a change of surface structure rather than a detectable shift seen in the ΔE*ab- values and the reflectance graphs. Thus, the application of aerosols is a very controllable, long-term stable method and results only in minor changes when applied in multiple layers.
Zusammenfassung
Konsolidierung pudriger Malschichten: Farbveränderungen von Klebstofffilmen und Malschichten
In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden zwei Aspekte der Konsolidierung pudriger Malschichten behandelt. Zum einen wurde die Farbstabilität unterschiedlicher Konsolidierungsmittel – Cellulose- und Protein-basierter sowie synthetischer Klebstoffe – untersucht. Dazu wurden Filme der jeweiligen Klebstoffe hergestellt und in einem Xenontester 276 Stunden dem Licht ausgesetzt, bis Blue Wool Standard 7 erreicht wurde. Die Lichtalterung verursachte eher ein Ausbleichen als eine Vergilbung der meisten Klebstoffe, was mit Ergebnissen von Microfading Tests übereinstimmt. Weiters wurden Farbveränderungen an pudrigen Malschichten während der Konsolidierung mittels Ultraschallvernebler gemessen. Farbveränderungen gehen dabei auf Veränderungen der Oberflächenstruktur der Malschichte zurück, so dass keine Veränderungen der ΔE*ab Werte und der Reflexionskurven festgestellt werden konnten. Die Konsolidierung mittels Ultraschallvernebler, in mehreren Schichten aufgetragen, stellt daher eine kontrollierbare, langfristig stabile Methode dar.
Resumé
Consolidation des couches de peinture friables Stabilité de la couleur des films adhésifs et des couches de peinture
Deux aspects de la consolidation des couches de peinture pulvérulentes sont décrits dans le présent article : tout d’abord, la stabilité de la couleur des différents médias de consolidation, dont des matériaux à base de cellulose et de protéines, a été évaluée. Des échantillons de films d’adhésifs ont été exposés à un Tester Xenon durant 276 heures afin d’atteindre le standard 7 sur l’échelle « Blue Wool ». L’exposition à la lumière a causé une perte de couleur plutôt qu’un jaunissement pour la plupart des adhésifs, ce qui correspond aux tests réalisés à l’aide d’un testeur microfading. D’autre part, les changements de couleur de la couche de pigments lors de l’application par aérosol du média de consolidation ont été examinés. Tout changement de couleur est causé par un changement de structure de la surface plutôt que par un changement détectable des valeurs ΔE*ab- et des graphiques de réflectance. Ainsi, l’application d’aérosols est une méthode stable, facile à contrôler sur le long terme et qui cause des changements mineurs lorsque le média est appliqué en plusieurs couches.
About the authors
Andrea Pataki-Hundt is scientific staff member of the conservation laboratory since 1998 at the conservation education programme for conservation of works of art on paper, archives- and library materials at the State Academy of Art and Design Stuttgart, where she also obtained her diploma (1997) and her PhD (2005). In the year 1998 she was an advanced fellow at the Walters Art Museum Baltimore, support by the Academic Exchange Programme (DAAD). From 2007 to 2009 she conducted a two-year postdoctoral research programme funded by the Landesstiftung Baden-Württemberg. In spring 2008 she was invited as a museum guest scholar at the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
Eva Hummert is a graduate of the conservation education programme for conservation of works of art on paper, archive- and library material at the State Academy of Art and Design Stuttgart, where she obtained her diploma (2007). She finished her PhD at the State Academy of Art and Design in 2014 and investigated the penetration behaviour of aerosols in friable pigment layers. From 2011 to 2014 she worked as scientific staff member of the conservation laboratory and in the winter term 2015 she held the position as a supply professor at the FHTW in Berlin. She works now as a freelance conservator in Berlin.
Acknowledgements
The Baden-Württemberg Stiftung formely Landesstiftung Baden-Württemberg enabled and supported the project for which we are very grateful. Prof. Dr. Gerhard Banik served as a valuable supervisor within this part of the project. Yvonne Hilbert and Julia Roller, student workers at that time, performed parts of the measurements
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Materials
Gelatine, Petri dishes (PS)
VWR International (Merck), John-Deere- Straße 5, 76646 Bruchsal, Germany
Instant Gelatine
Gelita Ag, Uferstr. 7, 69412 Eberbach, Germany
Methyl cellulose (MC)
Dow Deutschland Anlagengesellschaft mbH, Werk Stade, Postfach 1120, 21677 Stade, Deutschland
Starch ether (Kollotex)
Avebe European Sales Centre GmbH, Mollsfeld 3, 40670 Meerbusch-Osterath, Germany
JunFunori®
EMPA-Eidgenössiche Materialprüfungs-und Forschungsanstalt, Überlandstraße129, 8600 Dübendorf- Switzerland
Glass plates
Plano GmbH, Ernst-Befort Straße 12, 35578 Wetzlar, Germany
Pigments and binding media, Hydroxy propyl cellulose (Klucel G®), Aquazol 200, Funori
Kremer Pigmente, Kremer Pigmente, Hauptstraße 41,
88317, Aichstetten/Allgäu- Deutschland
Sturgeon glue
Maria Przbylo-Delfs, In der Helle 21, 59929 Brillon, Germany
Instruments
Centrifuge Rotilabo®- Minizentrifuge
Carl Roth GmbH + Co.KG, Schoemperlenstraße 3–5, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
Light ageing
XENONTEST BETA LM (Atlas)
| Black panel temperature | 50 °C±2 °C |
| Sample room temperature | 30 °C±3 °C |
| sample room relative Humidity | 40 % |
Irradiance 42 W/m2
UV-spectrophotometer
GretagMacbeth® Coloreye® XTH, TQ-Systems Chemnitz GmbH, Blankenburgstraße 81, 09114 Chemnitz, Germany
Datacolor 400, Datacolor AG Europe, Loorenstrasse 9, CH-8305 Dietlikon, Switzerland
AGS 2000
ZFB, Zentrum für Bucherhaltung GmbH, Mommsenstraße 7, 04329 Leipzig, Germany
©2016 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Counter Statement of the GSK mbH to the Publication “Aqueous Washing Treatment Aids: How to Remove Ionic Fixatives from Paper”
- Non-Destructive Analysis of 14th–19th Century European Handmade Papers
- Colour Stability of Natural Adhesives – Light Ageing of Adhesive Films and Colour Changes of Pigment Layers after Aerosol Application
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Counter Statement of the GSK mbH to the Publication “Aqueous Washing Treatment Aids: How to Remove Ionic Fixatives from Paper”
- Non-Destructive Analysis of 14th–19th Century European Handmade Papers
- Colour Stability of Natural Adhesives – Light Ageing of Adhesive Films and Colour Changes of Pigment Layers after Aerosol Application
