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Fungicidal Effects of Plant Smoldering Fumes on Archival Paper-based Documents

  • Ahmed A. Tayel

    Dr. Ahmed A. Tayel is Associate Professor of Food and Dairy Biotechnology. He gained his PhD in 2006 at the Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute - University of Sadat City (GEBRI- USC), Egypt. Dr. Tayel has published a number of papers and had been awarded honors from international scientific organizations.

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    , Maha M. Ebeid

    Maha M. Ebeid holds a MSc. Degree from the Libraries and Documents Department, Faculty of Arts, Tanta University, Egypt‎. Her main scientific interests are documents preservation, management and protection.

    , Elsayed ElSawy

    Dr. Elsayed ElSawy is Associated Professor and Head of the Libraries and Documents Department, Faculty of Arts, Tanta University, Egypt‎. His general specialization is documents management.

    and Shaaban A. Khalifa

    Prof. Shaaban A. Khalifa is Emeritus Professor at the Department of Libraries, Information and Archives - Faculty of Arts, Cairo University, Egypt.‎ He is the Editor in Chief of four journals in the field of Libraries, Information and Archives and had published more than 85 books and chapters in this field and 150 scientific papers in Arabic and English. Prof. Shaaban A. Khalifa is a pioneer in the Libraries, Information and Archives Science in Egypt and Arab countries.

Published/Copyright: December 10, 2015

Abstract

Fungal deterioration is one of the most serious risks for books and paper-based documents in archives. A wide screening for fungi contamination in historic books was conducted by the National Records and Archives, Tanta, Egypt. A large percentage (59.3%) of the screened books showed fungal contamination and deterioration. In this study, the fumes released by smoldering plant species were evaluated for their antifungal activity against isolated fungal species taken from historical documents. Most of the examined plant fumes showed strong antifungal activity as expressed by their minimal inhibitory relative amounts (MIRA), Cinnamomum verum bark and Tamarix nilotica leaves producing the most effective antifungal fumes. Paper samples inoculated with deteriorative fungi were free of fungal growth and viable spores after their exposure to smoldering fumes and incubation up to 28 days. The application of plant smoldering fumes can be recommended as an effective, natural and eco-friendly biocide which can be safely applied to paper based objects in historic libraries and archives.

Zusammenfassung

Fungizide Wirkung von Dämpfen schwelender Pflanzen auf von Schimmelpilzen befallene Papierobjekte

Schimmelpilze stellen eine der größten Gefahren für Bücher und Dokumente in Sammlungen und Archiven dar. An den National Archives in Tanta (Ägypten) wurde ein breites Screening zur Kontamination historischer Bücher mit Schimmelpilzen durchgeführt. Ein hoher Prozentsatz (59,3%) der Bücher war von Schimmelpilzbefall betroffen und die Papiere waren dadurch abgebaut. In dieser Studie wurden die Dämpfe schwelender Pflanzenteile auf ihre fungizide Wirkung auf die aus den historischen Dokumenten isolierten Pilzarten getestet. Die Dämpfe der meisten untersuchten Pflanzen wiesen starke fungizide Aktivität auf, wie ihre minimal inhibitory relative amounts (MIRA) zeigen; am wirksamsten erwiesen sich dabei die Dämpfe der Rinde von Cinnamomum verum und die der Blätter von Tamarix nilotica. Papierproben, die mit Papier abbauenden Schimmelpilzen beimpft worden waren, blieben nach der Einwirkung von Dämpfen schwelender Pflanzen und einer Inkubationszeit von bis zu 28 Tagen frei von Schimmelpilzen und lebensfähigen Sporen. Die Anwendung von Dämpfen schwelender Pflanzen kann demzufolge als ein wirksames, natürliches und umweltfreundliches Biozid auf Objekte in historischen Bibliotheken und Archiven angewendet werden.

Résumé

Effets fongicides des fumées de plantes consumantes sur des documents papier d’archive

La dégradation fongique est l’un des risques les plus graves pour les livres et les documents papier dans les archives. Un état des lieux à grande échelle de la contamination par les moisissures dans les livres historiques a été mené par la National Records and Archives Book-house, Tanta, Egypt. Un pourcentage important (59,3%) des livres analysés présente une contamination et une détérioration fongique. Dans cette étude, les fumées dégagées par des espèces végétales consumantes ont été évaluées pour leur activité antifongique contre des moisissures isolées prélevées à partir de documents historiques. La plupart des fumées des plantes examinées ont montré une forte activité antifongique comme cela est exprimé par leurs Concentrations inhibitrices minimales (CMI), l’écorce de Cinnamomum verum et les feuilles de Tamarix nilotica produisant les fumées antifongiques les plus efficaces. Des échantillons de papier inoculés avec des moisissures nocives ne présentaient plus de traces de moisissures ni de spores vivantes après leur exposition aux fumées suivi d’une d’incubation allant jusqu’à 28 jours. L’utilisation des fumées de plantes consumantes peut être recommandée comme un biocide efficace, naturel et écologique qui peut être appliqué en toute sécurité sur des objets papier dans les bibliothèques et archives historiques.

About the authors

Ahmed A. Tayel

Dr. Ahmed A. Tayel is Associate Professor of Food and Dairy Biotechnology. He gained his PhD in 2006 at the Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute - University of Sadat City (GEBRI- USC), Egypt. Dr. Tayel has published a number of papers and had been awarded honors from international scientific organizations.

Maha M. Ebeid

Maha M. Ebeid holds a MSc. Degree from the Libraries and Documents Department, Faculty of Arts, Tanta University, Egypt‎. Her main scientific interests are documents preservation, management and protection.

Elsayed ElSawy

Dr. Elsayed ElSawy is Associated Professor and Head of the Libraries and Documents Department, Faculty of Arts, Tanta University, Egypt‎. His general specialization is documents management.

Shaaban A. Khalifa

Prof. Shaaban A. Khalifa is Emeritus Professor at the Department of Libraries, Information and Archives - Faculty of Arts, Cairo University, Egypt.‎ He is the Editor in Chief of four journals in the field of Libraries, Information and Archives and had published more than 85 books and chapters in this field and 150 scientific papers in Arabic and English. Prof. Shaaban A. Khalifa is a pioneer in the Libraries, Information and Archives Science in Egypt and Arab countries.

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Received: 2015-5-31
Revised: 2015-7-25
Accepted: 2015-11-23
Published Online: 2015-12-10
Published in Print: 2016-3-1

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