Filling in Losses in Parchment Bound Volumes – Part II: Comparing Infill Materials with Regard to Their Climate Stability and Their Application in the Spine Area
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Julia Wikarski
Julia Wikarski completed her degree in the subject of Conservation and Restoration of Paper, Photography, Books and Archive Materials in 2012 at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna. She was awarded the honorary prize of the Academy of Fine Arts for her diploma thesis, which focused on infill materials on parchment bound volumes. In 2011 she started working at the National Library in Vienna as a book conservator for the digitisation project “Austrian Books Online”. In 2014 she was a guest lecturer at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna.
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Sigrid Eyb-Green
Sigrid Eyb-Green teaches paper conservation at the Institute for Conservation-Restoration, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. Sigrid completed a five year conservation program at the same institution, specialising in art on paper. She started her career as a free-lance conservator in New York and Vienna before she commenced teaching in 2002. In 2009, she finished her doctoral thesis.Wolfgang Baatz is head of the Institute for Conservation-Restoration, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. After completing conservation training at the Academy, he worked 16 years as a freelance conservator. During this time he also graduated from a ten semester chemistry program at the Technical University Vienna, before returning to the Academy with a full professorship in 1994 and expanding the institute. He is also co-founder of ENCoRE and present chairman.
Abstract
Parchment bindings located in the Sternkammern in the Prunksaal (State Hall) of the Austrian National Library were subject of an exemplary conservation treatment with minimal intervention. As part of a treatment plan for selected damaged parchment bindings, a comparative study of the most common infill materials for parchment of parchment bound volumes was carried out: This paper discusses well-known and widely used materials for filling in losses in parchment book covers including Japanese paper, parchment and reconstituted parchment. Their properties were examined and compared with regard to their dimensional changes and long-term stability in a non-climate controlled environment, taking aspects of efficiency and economy into consideration as well. The main findings of this comparative overview show that Japanese paper multilayer infills are superior with respect to their dimensional stability while parchment and reconstituted parchment infills excel with respect to aesthetics. Possible fields of application as well as limitations of the studied materials are discussed so that this study may provide a guideline for the decision process.
Zusammenfassung
Fehlstellenergänzung an Pergamenteinbänden – Teil II
Ein Vergleich unterschiedlicher Ergänzungsmaterialien hinsichtlich ihrer Dimensionsstabilität bei klimatischen Schwankungen und ihrer Anwendbarkeit an Buchrücken von Pergamenteinbänden
An einer Reihe ausgewählter Pergamentbände der Sternkammern im Prunksaal der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek sollten exemplarische Restaurierungen mit möglichst minimalen Eingriffen durchgeführt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden unterschiedliche, in der Pergamentrestaurierung gebräuchliche Ergänzungsmaterialien wie Japanpapier, Pergament und rekonstituiertes Pergament. Die Eigenschaften dieser Materialien wurden vor allem in Hinblick auf ihre Dimensionsänderungen und ihre Langzeitstabilität in klimatisch nicht kontrollierter Umgebung untersucht, wobei auch ökonomische und rationelle Aspekte berücksichtigt wurden. Die Ergebnisse dieser vergleichenden Studie zeigen dass Ergänzungen aus mehrlagigem Japanpapier hinsichtlich ihrer Dimensionsstabilität besser abschneiden, während Ergänzungen aus Pergament oder rekonstituiertem Pergament sich in Pergament optisch besser integrieren. Mögliche Anwendungsgebiete und Grenzen der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der untersuchten Materialien werden diskutiert, so dass diese Studie als Leitfaden im Entscheidungsprozess dienen kann.
Résumé
Comblement de lacune dans les volumes reliés en parchemin – 2ème partie
Comparaison des matériaux de comblement en fonction de leur stabilité au climat et de leur applicabilité pour les reliures de parchemin
Les reliures en parchemin conservées au Sternkammern de la Prunksaal (salle de bal) de la bibliothèque nationale autrichienne ont été soumises à un traitement de restauration exemplaire avec intervention minimale. Dans le cadre du projet de traitement des reliures en parchemin endommagées sélectionnées, une étude comparative des matériaux de comblement les plus couramment utilisés pour les parchemins a été menée. Cet article traite des matériaux de comblement de lacune connus et largement utilisés sur les couvertures de livres en parchemin, dont le papier japonais, le parchemin et le parchemin reconstitué. Leurs propriétés ont été examinées et comparées selon leurs changements dimensionnels et leur stabilité sur le long terme dans un environnement au climat non contrôlé, en prenant en compte également certains aspects comme l’efficacité et le facteur économique. Les principaux résultats de cette étude comparative montrent que les comblements faits de multiples couches de papier japonais sont meilleurs en termes de terme de stabilité dimensionnelle tandis que les comblements faits de parchemin et de parchemin reconstitué sont excellents en termes d’esthétique. Les possibles champs d’application ainsi que les limites des matériaux étudiés sont examinés; cette étude propose ainsi une ligne directive aidant au processus de décision.
About the authors
Julia Wikarski completed her degree in the subject of Conservation and Restoration of Paper, Photography, Books and Archive Materials in 2012 at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna. She was awarded the honorary prize of the Academy of Fine Arts for her diploma thesis, which focused on infill materials on parchment bound volumes. In 2011 she started working at the National Library in Vienna as a book conservator for the digitisation project “Austrian Books Online”. In 2014 she was a guest lecturer at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna.
Sigrid Eyb-Green teaches paper conservation at the Institute for Conservation-Restoration, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. Sigrid completed a five year conservation program at the same institution, specialising in art on paper. She started her career as a free-lance conservator in New York and Vienna before she commenced teaching in 2002. In 2009, she finished her doctoral thesis.
Wolfgang Baatz is head of the Institute for Conservation-Restoration, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. After completing conservation training at the Academy, he worked 16 years as a freelance conservator. During this time he also graduated from a ten semester chemistry program at the Technical University Vienna, before returning to the Academy with a full professorship in 1994 and expanding the institute. He is also co-founder of ENCoRE and present chairman.
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Materials & Equipment
| Materials for testing | Manufacturer/Distributor |
| Kozu K43 (29 g/m2, 100% Kozu, pH 7.7), #634661 | Japico – Feinpapier-Vertriebs GmbH |
| Atsu shi (67 g/m2, 40% Kozu, 60% Pulp, pH 6.6), #641171 | |
| Mitsumata (11 g/m2, pH 6.6), #625252 | |
| handmade rag paper, #2127 beige 60 g/m2, 25% linen und 75% cotton, tinted with earth pigments, sizing: Aquapel 360X | RUSCOMBE PAPER MILL/Anton Glaser – Feinpapiergroßhandlung |
| calf parchment, “Manuscript calf vellum” (~0.2 mm) | William Cowley – Parchment Works |
| calf parchment, “Kalb hell” (~ 0.15 mm) | Altenburger Pergament & Trommelfell GmbH |
| calf parchment, “Restaurierpergament, Kalb weiß”, one side sanded (~ 0.17 mm) | Anton Glaser – Feinpapiergroßhandlung |
| Leafcasting materials | Manufacturer/Distributor |
| Sulphate pulp, “white” (alkalischer Aufschluss), #30 110 | GMW Gabi Kleindorfer |
| Sulphate pulp, “nature”, dyed, #30 510 | |
| Mitsumata fibres, #70902100 | Japico – Feinpapier-Vertriebs GmbH |
| Parchment powder | Altenburger Pergament & Trommelfell GmbH |
| Production parchment-fibre-paper | Manufacturer/Distributor |
| Suction unit | DI Manfred Mayer, TU Graz |
| Adhesives | Manufacturer/Distributor |
| MH 50 (sold) | Deffner & Johann GmbH, Röthlein |
| MH 1000, #40 801 | |
| Klucel G, #41 500 | |
| Rice starch | Neuber’s Enkel Gross Drogerie, Wien |
| Wheat starch | |
| Isinglass | Störleim-Manufaktur – Eva Przybylo, Brilon |
| Solvents | Manufacturer/Distributor |
| Ethanol, 93% | Neuber’s Enkel Gross Drogerie, Wien |
| Isopropanol | |
| Fleece & films | Manufacturer/Distributor |
| Hollytex® | Deffner & Johann GmbH |
| Melinex® | |
| Viledon® Vliesstoff (30 g/m2) | GMW Gabi Kleindorfer |
| Chiffon | Komolka Stoffe, Wien |
| Examination & Measuring | Manufacturer/Distributor |
| Mikroskop – Leica MZ7 5 | Leica |
| Wild M3B | Wild |
| Digital camera, Canon Powershot S70 | Canon |
| Mikrometer – “Digimatic Micrometer” No. 293-521-30 | Mitutoyo |
| Ageing | Manufacturer/Distributor |
| ELSEC 774 UV-LUX-IR Monitor | Elsec |
| Testo-Datalogger 177-T4 | Testo |
| Osram Powerstar HQI-TS 150/D | Osram |
| Heraeus, Typ: 5050 (+0°C bis +300°C) | Heraeus |
©2015 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Washing, Spraying and Brushing. A Comparison of Paper Deacidification by Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles
- Filling in Losses in Parchment Bound Volumes – Part I: Assessment of Parchment and Paper Fibres in Reconstituted Parchment
- Filling in Losses in Parchment Bound Volumes – Part II: Comparing Infill Materials with Regard to Their Climate Stability and Their Application in the Spine Area
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Washing, Spraying and Brushing. A Comparison of Paper Deacidification by Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles
- Filling in Losses in Parchment Bound Volumes – Part I: Assessment of Parchment and Paper Fibres in Reconstituted Parchment
- Filling in Losses in Parchment Bound Volumes – Part II: Comparing Infill Materials with Regard to Their Climate Stability and Their Application in the Spine Area
