Investigation of radioactivity concentrations and soil-to-plant transfer factors in soil samples taken from different distance zones to the Metsamor nuclear power plant
Abstract
Monitoring radioactivity around nuclear power plants is important to avoid the risks of radiation. This study provides an overview of the radioactive emission impact on the near surroundings of the Metsamor nuclear power plant in Armenia. In this context, 29 soil samples were collected from the 40, 80, 120, 160 km radius areas determined in the direction of Iğdır province by accepting the Metsamor nuclear power plant as the center. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in soil samples ranged from 7.90 to 23.44, 7.11 to 33.55, 132.54 to 502.69 and 0.33 to 17.61 Bq/kg, respectively. In addition, the radioactivity concentrations in some agricultural products and the transfer factors from soil to plant were determined. As a result, there is no significant radiological risk in terms of studied radioisotopes for people living in this region.
Acknowledgments
This study was carried out within the scope of a doctoral thesis that started at Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Institute of Graduate Studies, Department of Physics in 2021.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: This study was supported by the Recep Tayyip Erdogan University’s Scientific Research Projects Department (Project Code: FDK-2021-1295).
-
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
References
1. Kalyoncuoglu, Ü. Y.; Anadolu, N. C.; Baykul, A.; Erek, Y. Radioactivity Level of the Surface Soil of Isparta City Centre. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2010, 14, 111.Search in Google Scholar
2. Putra, D. I. P.; Prihatiningsih, W. R.; Makmur, M.; Yahya, M. N.; Priasetyono, Y. Untara: Distribution of Some Natural and Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Sediments and Seawater along the Coastal Areas of North Sulawesi. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2021, 890, 12005.10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012005Search in Google Scholar
3. UNSCEAR. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation: Report to the General Assembly with Annexes. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2000, 1, 1–659.Search in Google Scholar
4. Desideri, D.; Meli, M. A.; Roselli, C. Natural and Artificial Radioactivity Determination of Some Medicinal Plants. J. Environ. Radioact. 2010, 101, 751; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.04.018.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Ciuffo, L. E. C.; Belli, M.; Pasquale, A.; Menegon, S.; Velasco, H. R. 137Cs and 40K Soil-To-Plant Relationship in a Seminatural Grassland of the Giulia Alps, Italy. Sci. Total Environ. 2002, 295, 69; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00044-x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Bilgici Cengiz, G. Natural Radioactivity Analysis in Soil Samples of Ardahan Province, Turkey for the Assessment of the Average Effective Dose. Sak. Univ. J. Sci. 2017, 21, 1583.Search in Google Scholar
7. Kobya, Y.; Yesilkanat, C. M. Determination of Radioactivity Levels in Some Agricultural Products in Artvin Province. J. Inst. Sci. Technol. 2019, 9, 1395; https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.540506.Search in Google Scholar
8. Uzun Duran, S.; Kucukomeroglu, B.; Ciris, A.; Celik, N. Radioactivity Levels in Soil and Drinking Water Samples Collected from Andon Region (Rize Province, Turkey). Black Sea J. Sci. 2019, 9, 253; https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.582464.Search in Google Scholar
9. Sahoo, S. K., Zunic, Z. S., Veerasamy, N., Natarajan, T., Zhukovsky, M., Jovanovic, P., Veselinovic, N., Janicijevic, A., Onischenko, A., Yarmoshenko, I., Ramola, R. C. Distribution of Radionuclides and Associated Radiological Risk Assessment of Soils from Niška Banja, Serbia. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2024, 333, 2605; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-023-09017-w.Search in Google Scholar
10. Sarı, S., Dizman, S. Investigation of Radioactivity and Radiological Effects in Soil Samples Taken from Ovit Dağbaşı Lake. El-Cezerî J. Sci. Eng. 2020, 2020, 1122; https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26556.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Djingova, R.; Kuleff, I. Concentration of Caesium-137, Cobalt-60 and Potassium-40 in Some Wild and Edible Plants Around the Nuclear Power Plant in Bulgaria. J. Environ. Radioact. 2002, 59, 61; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0265-931x(01)00036-4.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Kiris, E. Radiological Evaluation of Fruit and Soil Samples of Cherry Laurel Plant (Prunus laurocerasus L.) Growing in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Gümüşhane Univ. J. Sci. Technol. 2019, 9, 229.Search in Google Scholar
13. Asaduzzaman, K.; Khandaker, M. U.; Amin, Y. M.; Bradley, D. A.; Mahat, R. H.; Nor, R. M. Soil-to-root Vegetable Transfer Factors for 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 88Y inMalaysia. J. Environ. Radioact. 2014, 135, 120; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.04.009.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Karaoglu, M.; Celim, S. The Geology and Soil Features of Eastern Anatolia and Iğdır. J. Agric. 2018, 1, 14.Search in Google Scholar
15. Hussein, Z. A.; Salih, N. F.; Sedeeq, S. Z. Assessment the Natural Radioactivity of Radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs) in Wheat Grain. Aro-the Sci. J. Koya Univ. 2021, 9, 95; https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.10736.Search in Google Scholar
16. Dizman, S.; Akdemir, T.; Yeşilkanat, C. M.; Nevruzoglu, V.; Bal, E.; Keser, R. Radiometric Mapping and Radiation Dose Assessments in Sediments from Şavşat Black Lake, Turkey. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2022, 331, 2533; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-022-08335-9.Search in Google Scholar
17. Aközcan, S.; Külahcı, F.; Mercan, Y. A Suggestion to Radiological Hazards Characterization of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs: Spatial Distribution Modelling. J. Hazard. Mater. 2018, 353, 476; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.042.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Adjirackor, T.; Darko, E.; Sam, F. Naturally Occurring Radionuclide Transfer from Soil to Vegetables in Some Farmlands in Ghana and Statistical Analysis. Radiat. Prot. Environ. 2017, 40, 34; https://doi.org/10.4103/rpe.rpe_11_17.Search in Google Scholar
19. Shanthi, G.; Thampi Thanka kumaran, J.; Allen Gnana Raj, G.; Maniyan, C. G. Transfer Factor of the Radionuclides in Food Crops from High-Background Radiation Area of South West India. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry 2012, 149, 327; https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr235.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
20. IAEA. Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Temperate Environments; International Atomic Energy Agency: Vienna, 2010. Technical Report Series No. 472.Search in Google Scholar
21. Beretka, J.; Mathew, P. Natural Radioactivity of Australian Building Materials, Industrial Wastes and By-Products. Health Phys. 1985, 48, 87; https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198501000-00007.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
22. ICRP. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. International Commission on Radiological Protection 2007, ICRP Publication 103(37), 1–34.Search in Google Scholar
23. UNFPA. State of World Population 2019. United Nations Popul. Fund. Report 201: New York, 2019.Search in Google Scholar
24. SureshGandhi, M.; Ravisankar, R.; Rajalakshmi, A.; Sivakumar, S.; Chandrasekaran, A.; Pream Anand, D. Measurements of Natural Gamma Radiation in Beach Sediments of North East Coast of Tamilnadu, India by Gamma Ray Spectrometry with Multivariate Statistical Approach. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 2014, 7, 7; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2013.11.001.Search in Google Scholar
25. Gulan, L.; Milenkovic, B.; Stajic, J. M.; Vuckovic, B.; Krstic, D.; Zeremski, T.; Ninkov, J. Correlation between Radioactivity Levels and Heavy Metal Content in the Soils of the North Kosovska Mitrovica Environment. Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts 2013, 15, 1735; https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00208j.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
26. Gulan, L.; Milenkovic, B.; Zeremski, T.; Milic, G.; Vuckovic, B. Persistent Organic Pollutants, Heavy Metals and Radioactivity in the Urban Soil of Priština City, Kosovo and Metohija. Chemosphere 2017, 171, 415; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.064.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
27. EC. Radiological Protection Principles Concerning the Natural Radioactivity of Building Materials. European Commission 1999, 112, 1–16.Search in Google Scholar
28. Bilgici Cengiz, G.; Caglar, I. Evaluation of Lifetime Cancer Risk Arising from Natural Radioactivity in Foods Frequently Consumed by People in Eastern of Turkey. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2022, 331, 1847; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-022-08248-7.Search in Google Scholar
29. Tufail, M.; Sabiha-Javied; Akhtar, N.; Akhter, J. Assessment of Annual Effective Dose from Natural Radioactivity Intake through Wheat Grain Produced in Faisalabad, Pakistan. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2010, 283, 585; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-009-0391-1.Search in Google Scholar
30. Baz, S. S.; Zain, M. A. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Nuclides from Cereal Grains, Legumes and Some Foodstuffs Consumed in Saudi Arabia. Life Sci. J. 2017, 14, 35.Search in Google Scholar
31. IAEA. Handbook of Parameter Values for the Predictıon of Radionuclide Transfer in Terrestrial and Freshwater Environments; International Atomic Energy Agency: Vienna, 2010. Technical Report Series No. 472.Search in Google Scholar
32. Cengiz, G. B. Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiological Effects in Soil Samples of Selim District. Kafkas Univ. Inst. Nat. Appl. Sci. J. 2017, 10, 37.Search in Google Scholar
33. Bilgici Cengiz, G.; Caglar, I. Determination of the Health Hazards and Life Time Cancer Risk Due to Natural Radioactivity in Soil of Akyaka, Arpaçay and Susuz Areas of Kars, Turkey. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 2016, 7, 619.Search in Google Scholar
34. Dizman, S.; Görür, F. K.; Keser, R. Determination of Radioactivity Levels of Soil Samples and the Excess of Lifetime Cancer Risk in Rize Province, Turkey. Int. J. Radiat. Res. 2016, 14, 237; https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.14.3.237.Search in Google Scholar
35. Taskin, H.; Karavus, M.; Ay, P.; Topuzoglu, A.; Hidiroglu, S.; Karahan, G. Radionuclide Concentrations in Soil and Lifetime Cancer Risk Due to Gamma Radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey. J. Environ. Radioact. 2009, 100, 49; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.10.012.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
36. Degerlier, M.; Karahan, G.; Ozger, G. Radioactivity Concentrations and Dose Assessment for Soil Samples Around Adana, Turkey. J. Environ. Radioact. 2008, 99, 1018; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.12.015.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
37. Dizman, S.; Görür, F. K.; Keser, R.; Görür, O. The Assessment of Radioactivity and Radiological Hazards in Soils of Bolu Province, Turkey. Environ. Forensics. 2019, 20, 211; https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2019.1629129.Search in Google Scholar
38. Kapdan, E.; Varinlioglu, A.; Karahan, G. Radioactivity Levels and Health Risks Due to Radionuclides in the Soil of Yalova, Northwestern Turkey. Int. J. Environ. Res. 2011, 5, 837.Search in Google Scholar
39. Singh, S.; Rani, A.; Mahajan, R. K. 226Ra, 232Th and 40K Analysis in Soil Samples from Some Areas of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, India Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry. Radiat. Meas. 2005, 39, 431; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2004.09.003.Search in Google Scholar
40. Abu Samreh, M. M.; Thabayneh, K. M.; Khrais, F. W. Measurement of Activity Concentration Levels of Radionuclides in Soil Samples Collected from Bethlehem Province, West Bank, Palestine. Turkish J. Eng. Environ. Sci. 2014, 38, 113; https://doi.org/10.3906/muh-1303-8.Search in Google Scholar
41. TAEK. Monitoring of Environmental Radioactivity in Turkey. Technical Report TR; Turkish At. Energy Auth: Ankara, 2010.Search in Google Scholar
42. Elsaman, R.; Ali, G. A. M.; Uosif, M. A. M.; El-Taher, A.; Chong, K. F. Transfer Factor of Natural Radionuclides from Clay Loam Soil to Sesame and Cowpea: Radiological Hazards. Int. J. Radiat. Res. 2020, 18, 157.Search in Google Scholar
43. Alsaffar, M. S.; Jaafar, M. S.; Kabir, N. A.; Ahmad, N. Distribution of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in Rice Plant Components and Physico-Chemical Effects of Soil on Their Transportation to Grains. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 2015, 8, 300; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2015.04.002.Search in Google Scholar
44. Asaduzzaman, K.; Khandaker, M. U.; Amin, Y. M.; Mahat, R. Uptake and Distribution of Natural Radioactivity in Rice from Soil in North and West Part of Peninsular malaysia for the Estimation of Ingestion Dose to Man. Ann. Nucl. Energy 2015, 76, 85; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2014.09.036.Search in Google Scholar
45. Jazzar, M. M. Transfer of Natural Radionuclides from Soil to Plants and Grass in the Western North of West Bank Environment-Palestine. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2, 252; https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140205.14.Search in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Migration study of uranium in Beishan granite by the continuous column method
- Process development studies on the recovery of caesium specific calix-crown-6 extractant from actual spent calix solution for efficient spent solvent management
- Evaluating SiO2/Al2O3/poly(acrylic acid-co-glycidyl methacrylate) composite as a novel adsorbent for cobalt(II) radionuclides
- Investigation of radioactivity concentrations and soil-to-plant transfer factors in soil samples taken from different distance zones to the Metsamor nuclear power plant
- Sorption behavior of low specific activity 99Mo on Ti- and Zr-xerogels as an alternative to fission-based 99Mo/99mTc generators
- Application of INAA technique for analysis of essential and toxic elements in two Algerian plants Cynodon dactylon L. and Phragmites australis
- Hydrodynamic study of a flow-rig column by means of a radiotracer technique modelling with DTS-Pro 4
- On transfer factors of natural radionuclides and radiological health risks assessment of some fruit samples
- New lead barium borate glass system for radiation shielding applications: impacts of copper (II) oxide on physical, mechanical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Migration study of uranium in Beishan granite by the continuous column method
- Process development studies on the recovery of caesium specific calix-crown-6 extractant from actual spent calix solution for efficient spent solvent management
- Evaluating SiO2/Al2O3/poly(acrylic acid-co-glycidyl methacrylate) composite as a novel adsorbent for cobalt(II) radionuclides
- Investigation of radioactivity concentrations and soil-to-plant transfer factors in soil samples taken from different distance zones to the Metsamor nuclear power plant
- Sorption behavior of low specific activity 99Mo on Ti- and Zr-xerogels as an alternative to fission-based 99Mo/99mTc generators
- Application of INAA technique for analysis of essential and toxic elements in two Algerian plants Cynodon dactylon L. and Phragmites australis
- Hydrodynamic study of a flow-rig column by means of a radiotracer technique modelling with DTS-Pro 4
- On transfer factors of natural radionuclides and radiological health risks assessment of some fruit samples
- New lead barium borate glass system for radiation shielding applications: impacts of copper (II) oxide on physical, mechanical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties