Abstract
In this work, the radiotracer [99mTc]nitrido-oxiracetam complex was labeled in the presence of 99mTc-nitrido as a core. In order to get the highest radiochemical purity, many effective factors have been studied such as temperature of the reaction, time of the reaction, the pH of the reaction mixture, substrate amount, and stability to give high percent more than 99%. Finally, biodistribution studies have been indicated the convenience of [99mTc]nitrido-oxiracetam as a new radiotracer that could be used in brain imaging. Giving a maximum uptake of 10.6% at 30 min post injection.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Conflict of interest statement: All Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
References
1. Filler, A. F. The history, development and impact of computed imaging in neurological diagnosis and neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI. Internet J. Neurosurg. 2010, 7, 5.10.5580/23c6Search in Google Scholar
2. Sandrone, S., Bacigaluppi, M., Galloni, M. R., Cappa, S. F., Moro, A., Catani, M., Filippi, M., Monti, M. M., Perani, D., Martino, G. Weighing brain activity with the balance: Angelo Mosso’s original manuscripts come to light. Brain 2014, 137, 621; https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt091.Search in Google Scholar
3. Peruzzotti-Jametti, L., Bacigaluppi, M., Sandrone, S., Cambiaghi, M. Emerging subspecialties in Neurology: transcranial stimulation. Neurology 2013, 80, e33; https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182833d74.Search in Google Scholar
4. Martino, G., Bacigaluppi, M. Mechanism of action of somatic stem cell treatments: towards the concept of therapeutic plasticity. Cytotherapy 2011, 13, 6; https://doi.org/10.3109/14653249.2011.537055.Search in Google Scholar
5. Grove, S. J., Jamieson, C., Maclean, J. K., Morrow, J. A., Rankovic, Z. Positive allosteric modulators of the a-amino-3-hydroxy- 5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acidm (ampa) receptor. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 53, 7271; https://doi.org/10.1021/jm1000419.Search in Google Scholar
6. Gorter, J. A., Petrozzino, J. J., Aronica, E. M., Rosenbaum, D. M., Opitz, T., Bennett, M. V., Connor, J. A., Zukin, R. S. Global ischemia induces down regulation of Glur2 mRNA and increases AMPA receptor-mediated Ca influx in hippocampal CA1 neurons of gerbil. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17, 6179; https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.17-16-06179.1997.Search in Google Scholar
7. Stensbol, T. B., Madsen, U., Krogsgaard-Larsen, P. The AMPA receptor site: focus on agonists and competitive antagonists. Curr. Pharmaceut. Des. 2002, 8, 857; https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612024607090.Search in Google Scholar
8. Mondadori, C., Mobius, H. J., Borkowski, J. The GABA receptor antagonist CGP 36,742 and the nootropic oxiracetam facilitate the formation of long-term memory. Behav. Brain Res. 1996, 77, 223; https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(95)00222-7.Search in Google Scholar
9. Sanad, M. H., Farouk, N., Fouzy, A. S. M. Radiocomplexation and bioevaluation of 99mTc nitrido-piracetam as a model for brain imaging. Radiochim. Acta 2017, 105, 729; https://doi.org/10.1515/ract-2016-2714.Search in Google Scholar
10. Sanad, M. H., Alhussein, A. I. Preparation and biological evaluation of 99mTc N-histamine as a model for brain imaging: in silico study and preclinical evaluation. Radiochim. Acta 2018, 106, 229; https://doi.org/10.1515/ract-2017-2804.Search in Google Scholar
11. Amin, A. M., Sanad, M. H., Abd-Elhaliem, S. M. Radiochemical and biological characterization of 99mTc-piracetam for brain imaging. Radiochemistry 2013, 55, 624; https://doi.org/10.1134/s1066362213060118.Search in Google Scholar
12. Sanad, M. H., Farag, A. B., Dina, H, S. Radioiodination and bioevaluation of rolipram as a tracer for brain imaging: in silico study, molecular modeling and gamma scintigraphy. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 2018, 61, 501; https://doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.3614.Search in Google Scholar
13. Sanad, M. H., Saleh, G. M., Marzook, F. A. Radioiodination and biological evaluation of nizatidine as a new highly selective radiotracer for peptic ulcer disorder detection. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 2017, 60, 600.10.1002/jlcr.3541Search in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Sanad, M. H., Salama, D. H., Marzook, F. A. Radioiodinated famotidine as a new highly selective radiotracer for peptic ulcer disorder detection, diagnostic nuclear imaging and biodistribution. Radiochim. Acta 2017, 105, 389.10.1515/ract-2016-2683Search in Google Scholar
15. Sanad, M. H., Sallam, K. M., Dina, H. S. 99mTc-Oxiracetam as a potential agent for diagnostic imaging of brain: labeling, characterization, and biological evaluation. Radiochemistry 2018, 60, 58; https://doi.org/10.1134/s1066362218010101.Search in Google Scholar
16. Zhang, J., Wang, X., Jin, C. Synthesis and biodistribution of the 99mTc (CO)3-DEDT complex as a potential new radiopharmaceutical for brain imaging. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2007, 272, 91; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-6794-3.Search in Google Scholar
17. Satpati, D., Bapat, K., Mukherjee, A., Banerjee, S., Kothari, K., Venkatesh, M. Preparation and bioevaluation of 99mTc-carbonyl complex of 5-hydroxy tryptamine derivative. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2006, 64, 888; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.03.003.Search in Google Scholar
18. Erfani, M., Hassanzadeh, L., Ebrahimi, S. E. S., Shafiei, M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 99mTc (CO)3-OH-PP-CS2 for brain receptor imaging Iran. J. Nucl. Med. 2012, 20, 25.Search in Google Scholar
19. Borai, E. H., Sanad, M. H., Fouzy, A. S. M. Optimized chromatographic separation and biological evaluation of 99mTc-clarithromycin for infective inflammation diagnosis. Radiochemistry 2016, 58, 84.10.1134/S1066362216010136Search in Google Scholar
20. Walovitch, R. C., Hill, T. C., Garrity, S. T., Cheesman, E. H., Burgess, B. A., O’Leary, D. H., Watson, A. D., Ganey, M. V., Morgan, R. A., Williams, S. J. Characterization of technetium-99m-L,L-ECD for brain perfusion imaging, part 1: pharmacology of technetium-99m ECD in nonhuman primates. J. Nucl. Med. 1989, 30, 1892.Search in Google Scholar
21. Zhang, J. B., Wang, X. B., Tian, C. J. Synthesis of a bis-(N-butyldithiocarbamato)- nitrido 99mTc complex: a potential new brain imaging agent. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2007, 273, 15; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-007-0703-2.Search in Google Scholar
22. Zhang, J. B., Wang, X. B., Tian, C. J. Synthesis and biodistribution of 99mTcN (PDTC)2 as a potential brain imaging agent. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2004, 262, 505; https://doi.org/10.1023/b:jrnc.0000046787.02935.e2.10.1023/B:JRNC.0000046787.02935.e2Search in Google Scholar
23. Zhang, J. B., Luo, G., Wang, X. B. Synthesis and biodistribution of a novel 99mTc nitrido dithiocarbamate complex containing ether group as a potential myocardial and brain imaging agent. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2009, 279, 783; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-008-7383-4.Search in Google Scholar
24. Mohini, G., Subhajit, G., Tapas, D., Haladhar, D. S. S. B. Preparation and bioevaluation of [99mTc ≡ N]2+ labeled tetrameric complex of E c(RGDfK)2 as a radiotracer for imaging avb3 integrins in tumors. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2016, 309, 923.Search in Google Scholar
25. Ardhani, D. L., Andi, T. P., Tini, P., Evi, U., Mochammad, Y., Gunawan, I. HPLC determination of piracetam in tablets; validation of the method. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 2007, 28, 1407.10.1081/JLC-200054893Search in Google Scholar
26. Mingxia, Z., Hongyu, N., Man, F., Shilei, L., Jin, C., Chuanmin, Q. Novel [99mTc ≡ N]2 labeled EGFR inhibitors as potential radiotracers for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) tumor imaging. Molecules 2014, 19, 5508.10.3390/molecules19055508Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
27. Syed, Q. S., Mohammad, R. K., Syed, M. A. Radiosynthesis of 99mTc (CO)3-clinafloxacin dithiocarbamate and its biological evaluation as a potential staphylococcus aureus infection radiotracer. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imag. 2011, 45, 248.10.1007/s13139-011-0106-8Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
28. Xiang, L., Aiqin, W., Qianqian, X., Yu, F., Jianping, L., Huabei, Z., Huaying, B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of fatty acids containing 99mTc-oxo and 99mTc-nitrido for myocardial metabolism imaging. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2016, 307, 1438.10.1007/s10967-015-4232-0Search in Google Scholar
29. Adrion, D., Alessandra, B., Licia, U. Technetium -99m Nitrido-radiopharmaceuticals with un precedented biological properties. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 2002, 45, 135.10.1590/S1516-89132002000500019Search in Google Scholar
30. Alessandra, B., Licia, U., Cristina, B., Adriano, D., Nicola, S., Elena, M., Giovanni, D. D., Guido, Z., Fiorenzo, R., Melchiore, G. Synthesis and biologic evaluation of monocationic asymmetric 99mTc-nitride heterocomplexes showing high heart uptake and improved imaging properties. J. Nucl. Med. 2003, 44, 806.Search in Google Scholar
31. Sanad, M. H., Challan, S. B. Radioiodination and biological evaluation of rabeprazole as a peptic ulcer localization radiotracer. Radiochemistry 2017, 59, 307; https://doi.org/10.1134/s1066362217030158.Search in Google Scholar
32. Sanad, M. H. Labeling of omeprazole with technetium-99m for diagnosis of stomach. Radiochemistry 2013, 55, 605; https://doi.org/10.1134/s1066362213060076.Search in Google Scholar
33. Sanad, M. H., Talaat, H. M. Radiodiagnosis of peptic ulcer with technetium-99m-labeled esomeprazole. Radiochemistry 2017, 59, 396; https://doi.org/10.1134/s1066362217040129.Search in Google Scholar
34. Sanad, M. H., Ibrahim, I. T. Radiodiagnosis of peptic ulcer with technetium-99m labeled rabeprazole. Radiochemistry 2015, 57, 425.10.1134/S1066362215040165Search in Google Scholar
35. Motaleb, M. A., Adli, A. S. A, El-Tawoosy, M., Sanad, M. H., AbdAllah, M. An easy and effective method for synthesis and radiolabelling of risedronate as a model for bone imaging. J. Label Compd. Radiopharm. 2016, 59, 157.10.1002/jlcr.3384Search in Google Scholar PubMed
36. El-Kawy, O., Sanad, M. H., Marzook, F. 99mTc-Mesalamine as potential agent for diagnosis and monitoring of ulcerative colitis: labelling, characterisation and biological evaluation. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2016, 308, 279.10.1007/s10967-015-4338-4Search in Google Scholar
37. Sanad, M. H., Amin, A. M. Optimization of labeling conditions and bioevalution of 99mTc-meloxicam for inflammation imaging. Radiochemistry 2013, 55, 521.10.1134/S1066362213050123Search in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Extraction behavior of Pu(IV), Th(IV), and fission product elements with hexapropyl and hexabutyl phosphoramides
- Impact of selected cement additives and model compounds on the solubility of Nd(III), Th(IV) and U(VI): screening experiments in alkaline NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions at elevated ionic strength
- Liquid-liquid extraction of Nd+3 and Eu+3 from aqueous medium using oxytetracycline in dichloromethane
- Preparation of a carrier free 124Sb tracer produced in the Sn (p, n) reaction
- Utilization of nanotechnology in targeted radionuclide cancer therapy: monotherapy, combined therapy and radiosensitization
- Synthesis, characterization, and bioevaluation of 99mTc nitrido-oxiracetam as a brain imaging model
- Physico-mechanical comparative study on gamma irradiated high density polyethylene/eggshell and commercial calcium carbonate composites
- Determination of scalp hair selenium concentrations in Algerian psoriatic individuals using k0-standardization based on neutron activation analysis method
- Alpha track registration and revelation in CR-39 using new etching method for ultratrace alpha radioactivity quantification in solution media
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Extraction behavior of Pu(IV), Th(IV), and fission product elements with hexapropyl and hexabutyl phosphoramides
- Impact of selected cement additives and model compounds on the solubility of Nd(III), Th(IV) and U(VI): screening experiments in alkaline NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions at elevated ionic strength
- Liquid-liquid extraction of Nd+3 and Eu+3 from aqueous medium using oxytetracycline in dichloromethane
- Preparation of a carrier free 124Sb tracer produced in the Sn (p, n) reaction
- Utilization of nanotechnology in targeted radionuclide cancer therapy: monotherapy, combined therapy and radiosensitization
- Synthesis, characterization, and bioevaluation of 99mTc nitrido-oxiracetam as a brain imaging model
- Physico-mechanical comparative study on gamma irradiated high density polyethylene/eggshell and commercial calcium carbonate composites
- Determination of scalp hair selenium concentrations in Algerian psoriatic individuals using k0-standardization based on neutron activation analysis method
- Alpha track registration and revelation in CR-39 using new etching method for ultratrace alpha radioactivity quantification in solution media