Immediate effects of atrazine application on soil organic carbon and selected macronutrients and amelioration by sawdust biochar pretreatment
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Yetunde Bunmi Oyeyiola
and
Beatrice Olutoyin Opeolu
Abstract
Increasing use of herbicides has contributed immensely to current soil and water degradation in the tropics. Published works on effects of herbicides on soil organic carbon (SOC) – a major indicator for soil health and macronutrients and their enhancement by biochar are scarce for soils in Africa despite heavy herbicide applications every cropping season. This incubation trial evaluated immediate effects of atrazine application on SOC and selected soil macronutrients. The potential of sawdust (SD) biochar to mitigate associated SOC and macronutrients depletion was also assessed. A total of 950 g soil was placed in each leaching column (20 cm length and 7 cm diameter). The experiment was a factorial combination of four SD biochar types: SD + poultry manure (PM) pyrolyzed at 350 °C, SD-PM at 350 °C, SD + PM at 450 °C and SD-PM at 450 °C applied at two rates of 5 and 10 t/ha equivalent to 2.38 and 4.76 g/950 g soil, respectively. Atrazine alone and absolute control (AC) that received neither biochar nor atrazine were included for comparison. The treatments were replicated thrice in completely randomized design. Appropriate biochar was applied within 5 cm soil depth, moistened to field capacity, and left to equilibrate for 2 weeks. Thereafter, 20 mL atrazine solution was applied at 2.5 kg a.i/ha (achieved through 6.75 g atrazine powder/l of distilled water). Basal NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer mixed with urea at 0.1 and 0.03 g/900 g soil, respectively, was applied to mimic farmers’ practice on atrazine treated fields. Maize seeds were thereafter sown in the treated soils and nurtured for 2 weeks. Data taken on soil pH, SOC, exchangeable bases, available phosphorus, and dry biomass weight (DBW) of maize seedlings at the expiration of the trial were subjected to two-way analysis of variance using Genstat Statistical Package with means separated using LSD at 5% probability level. There were significant reductions in soil pH (5.8%), SOC (31%), and Ex. Ca (27%) in atrazine alone soil compared to AC. Contrarily, similar atrazine treated soil pretreated with SD biochar had increased soil pH, SOC, exchangeable Ca, available P, and DBW by 5.6 (in SD + PM@450 °C), 73.6 (SD-PM@450 °C), 84 (SD + PM@450 °C), 2,338.4 (SD + PM@450 °C), and 154.8% (SD + PM@350 °C), respectively, dominantly at 10 t/ha compared to AC. Sole atrazine treated soil was, however, higher in soil available P (23.8 mg/kg) and TDBW (0.56 g) against 5.42 mg/kg and 0.42 g from AC, respectively. Biochar pH and organic carbon were the most influential biochar properties contributing significantly to SOC sequestration and macronutrient enrichment in the atrazine treated soil. Pretreatment of soils with sawdust biochar prior to atrazine application is, therefore, recommended for mitigating associated organic carbon and macronutrient depletion in the soils for enhanced maize production.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Modern analytical approach in biopolymer characterization
- Development of nanocellulose fiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites: a review
- Recent developments in sago starch thermoplastic bio-composites
- Mechanical degradation of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend bionanocomposites in aqueous environments
- Computational design of the novel building blocks for the metal-organic frameworks based on the organic ligand protected Cu4 cluster
- Highly functional nanocellulose-reinforced thermoplastic starch-based nanocomposites
- Spectral peak areas do not vary according to spectral averaging scheme used in functional MRS experiments at 3 T with interleaved visual stimulation
- Triterpenoids of antibacterial extracts from the leaves of Bersama abyssinica Fresen (Francoaceae)
- Immediate effects of atrazine application on soil organic carbon and selected macronutrients and amelioration by sawdust biochar pretreatment
- Process configuration of combined ozonolysis and anaerobic digestion for wastewater treatment
- Concentration levels and risk assessment of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residue in selected cereals and legumes sold in Anambra State, south-eastern Nigeria
- XRD and cytotoxicity assay of submitted nanomaterial industrial samples in the Philippines
- Comparative study of the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light irradiation using Bi24O31Br11-anchored carbonaceous and silicates catalyst support
- Xanthoangelol, geranilated chalcone compound, isolation from pudau leaves (Artocarpus kemando Miq.) as antibacterial and anticancer
- Barley thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
- Integration of chemo- and bio-catalysis to intensify bioprocesses
- Fabrication of starch-based packaging materials
- Potato thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
- Review on sago thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose
- Wheat thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose
- Synergistic effect in bimetallic gold catalysts: recent trends and prospects
- Simultaneous removal of methylene blue, copper Cu(II), and cadmium Cd(II) from synthetic wastewater using fennel-based adsorbents
- The investigation of the physical properties of an electrical porcelain insulator manufactured from locally sourced materials
- Concentration evaluation and risk assessment of pesticide residues in selected vegetables sold in major markets of Port Harcourt South-South Nigeria
- Detection of iodine in aqueous extract of plants through modified Mohr’s method
- Exploration of bioactive compounds from Mangifera indica (Mango) as probable inhibitors of thymidylate synthase and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-Κb) in colorectal cancer management
- A new sphingoid derivative from Acacia hockii De Wild (Fabaceae) with antimicrobial and insecticidal properties
- Protection of wood against bio-attack and research of new effective and environmental friendly fungicides
- Computational investigation of Arbutus serratifolia Salisb molecules as new potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
- Exploring the solvation of water molecules around radioactive elements in nuclear waste water treatment
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Modern analytical approach in biopolymer characterization
- Development of nanocellulose fiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites: a review
- Recent developments in sago starch thermoplastic bio-composites
- Mechanical degradation of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend bionanocomposites in aqueous environments
- Computational design of the novel building blocks for the metal-organic frameworks based on the organic ligand protected Cu4 cluster
- Highly functional nanocellulose-reinforced thermoplastic starch-based nanocomposites
- Spectral peak areas do not vary according to spectral averaging scheme used in functional MRS experiments at 3 T with interleaved visual stimulation
- Triterpenoids of antibacterial extracts from the leaves of Bersama abyssinica Fresen (Francoaceae)
- Immediate effects of atrazine application on soil organic carbon and selected macronutrients and amelioration by sawdust biochar pretreatment
- Process configuration of combined ozonolysis and anaerobic digestion for wastewater treatment
- Concentration levels and risk assessment of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residue in selected cereals and legumes sold in Anambra State, south-eastern Nigeria
- XRD and cytotoxicity assay of submitted nanomaterial industrial samples in the Philippines
- Comparative study of the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light irradiation using Bi24O31Br11-anchored carbonaceous and silicates catalyst support
- Xanthoangelol, geranilated chalcone compound, isolation from pudau leaves (Artocarpus kemando Miq.) as antibacterial and anticancer
- Barley thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
- Integration of chemo- and bio-catalysis to intensify bioprocesses
- Fabrication of starch-based packaging materials
- Potato thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
- Review on sago thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose
- Wheat thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose
- Synergistic effect in bimetallic gold catalysts: recent trends and prospects
- Simultaneous removal of methylene blue, copper Cu(II), and cadmium Cd(II) from synthetic wastewater using fennel-based adsorbents
- The investigation of the physical properties of an electrical porcelain insulator manufactured from locally sourced materials
- Concentration evaluation and risk assessment of pesticide residues in selected vegetables sold in major markets of Port Harcourt South-South Nigeria
- Detection of iodine in aqueous extract of plants through modified Mohr’s method
- Exploration of bioactive compounds from Mangifera indica (Mango) as probable inhibitors of thymidylate synthase and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-Κb) in colorectal cancer management
- A new sphingoid derivative from Acacia hockii De Wild (Fabaceae) with antimicrobial and insecticidal properties
- Protection of wood against bio-attack and research of new effective and environmental friendly fungicides
- Computational investigation of Arbutus serratifolia Salisb molecules as new potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
- Exploring the solvation of water molecules around radioactive elements in nuclear waste water treatment
