Home Barley thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Barley thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose

  • Nur Sharmila Sharip ORCID logo , Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar , Hazwani Husin and Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 14, 2023
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Physical Sciences Reviews
From the journal Physical Sciences Reviews Volume 9 Issue 3

Abstract

Despite being one of the starch producers, barley has yet to be widely studied for thermoplastic starch applications, including nanocellulose thermoplastic composites, due to its uses in the food and beverage industries. However, only 20% of barley is used in the malting industry to produce both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, and 5% is used as an ingredient in a wide variety of foods. As the fourth most important cereal in the world after wheat, corn, and rice, barley can be considered an interesting biomass source to produce biodegradable thermoplastics, stemming from its starch constitution. Therefore, this review attempts to highlight the barley starch properties and its potential utilization for nanocellulose thermoplastic starch composites. Several studies involving barley-based starch in thermoplastic production and nanocellulose reinforcement for properties enhancement are also reviewed, particularly in the attempt to provide various options to reduce and replace the uses of harmful petroleum-based plastic.

Keywords: barley-based starch; nanocellulose; nanocomposite; thermoplastic starch
Corresponding author: Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, Research Center for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, E-mail:

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Nextgreen Pulp & Paper Sdn. Bhd. for their support and permission to work on this manuscript. Additionally, the authors gratefully acknowledge the technical and financial support from the Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) in preparation of this review.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

1. Domene-López, D, García-Quesada, JC, Martin-Gullon, I, Montalbán, MG. Influence of starch composition and molecular weight on physicochemical properties of biodegradable films. Polymers 2019;11:1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM11071084.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

2. Morán, JI, Vázquez, A, Cyras, VP. Bio-nanocomposites based on derivatized potato starch and cellulose, preparation and characterization. J Mater Sci 2013;48:7196–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10853-013-7536-X/FIGURES/6.Search in Google Scholar

3. Yusuph, M, Tester, RF, Ansell, R, Snape, CE. Composition and properties of starches extracted from tubers of different potato varieties grown under the same environmental conditions. Food Chem 2003;82:283–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00549-6.Search in Google Scholar

4. Zhu, F, Xie, Q. Structure and physicochemical properties of starch. In: Physical modifications of starch. SIngapore: Springer Nature; 2018:1–14 pp.10.1007/978-981-13-0725-6_1Search in Google Scholar

5. Dupuis, JH, Liu, Q. Potato starch: a review of physicochemical, functional and nutritional properties. Am J Potato Res 2019;96:127–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-018-09696-2.Search in Google Scholar

6. Tester, RF, Karkalas, J, Qi, X. Starch – composition, fine structure and architecture. J Cereal Sci 2004;39:151–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2003.12.001.Search in Google Scholar

7. Xie, F, Pollet, E, Halley, PJ, Avérous, L. Starch-based nano-biocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 2013;38:1590–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROGPOLYMSCI.2013.05.002.Search in Google Scholar

8. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT crops and livestock products. Available from: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL [Accessed 21 Nov 2022].Search in Google Scholar

9. Zhu, F. Barley starch: composition, structure, properties, and modifications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017;16:558–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12265.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

10. Asare, EK, Jaiswal, S, Maley, J, Båga, M, Sammynaiken, R, Rossnagel, BG, et al.. Barley grain constituents, starch composition, and structure affect starch in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis. J Agric Food Chem 2011;59:4743–54. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf200054e.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

11. Li, JH, Vasanthan, T, Rossnagel, B, Hoover, R. Starch from hull-less barley: I. Granule morphology, composition and amylopectin structure. Food Chem 2001;74:395–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00246-1.Search in Google Scholar

12. Yangcheng, H, Gong, L, Zhang, Y, Jane, JL. Pysicochemical properties of Tibetan hull-less barley starch. Carbohydr Polym 2016;137:525–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.061.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Andersson, AAM, Andersson, R, Åman, P. Starch and by-products from a laboratory-scale barley starch isolation procedure. Cereal Chem 2001;78:507–13. https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.5.507.Search in Google Scholar

14. Izydorczyk, MS, Storsley, J, Labossiere, D, MacGregor, AW, Rossnagel, BG. Variation in total and soluble β-glucan content in hulless barley: effects of thermal, physical, and enzymic treatments. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:982–9. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991102f.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Soares, RMD, De Francisco, A, Rayas-Duarte, P, Soldi, V. Brazilian hull-less and malting barley genotypes: I. Chemical composition and partial characterization. J Food Qual 2007;30:357–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2007.00127.x.Search in Google Scholar

16. Song, Y, Jane, J. Characterization of barley starches of waxy, normal, and high amylose varieties. Carbohydr Polym 2000;41:365–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(99)00098-3.Search in Google Scholar

17. Pycia, K, Gałkowska, D, Juszczak, L, Fortuna, T, Witczak, T. Physicochemical, thermal and rheological properties of starches isolated from malting barley varieties. J Food Sci Technol 2015;52:4797–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1531-3.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

18. Vasanthan, T, Hoover, R. Barley starch: production, poperties, modification and uses. In: Starch chemistry and technology, 3rd ed. Burlington, MA, USA: Academic Press; 2009:601–28 pp.10.1016/B978-0-12-746275-2.00016-1Search in Google Scholar

19. Yasui, T, Seguschi, M, Ishikawa, N, Fujita, M. Starch properties of a waxy mutant line of hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Starch Staerke 2002;54:179–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-379x(200205)54:5<179::aid-star179>3.0.co;2-3.10.1002/1521-379X(200205)54:5<179::AID-STAR179>3.0.CO;2-3Search in Google Scholar

20. Singh, J, Kaur, L, McCarthy, OJ. Factors influencing the physico-chemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of some chemically modified starches for food applications-A review. Food Hydrocolloids 2007;21:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.02.006.Search in Google Scholar

21. Šubarić, D, Babić, J, Lalić, A, Aćkar, D, Kopjar, M. Isolation and characterisation of starch from different barley and oat varieties. Czech J Food Sci 2011;29:354–60. https://doi.org/10.17221/297/2010-cjfs.Search in Google Scholar

22. Bello-Pérez, LA, Sánchez-Rivera, MM, Núñez-Santiago, C, Rodríguez-Ambriz, SL, Román-Gutierrez, AD. Effect of the pearled in the isolation and the morphological, physicochemical and rheological characteristics of barley starch. Carbohydr Polym 2010;81:63–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.01.056.Search in Google Scholar

23. Naguleswaran, S, Vasanthan, T, Hoover, R, Bressler, D. The susceptibility of large and small granules of waxy, normal and high-amylose genotypes of barley and corn starches toward amylolysis at sub-gelatinization temperatures. Food Res Int 2013;51:771–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.057.Search in Google Scholar

24. Bello-Pérez, LA, Agama-Acevedo, E. Starch. In: Starch-based materials in food packaging processing, characterization and applications. London, UK: Acadmic Press; 2018:1–18 pp.10.1016/B978-0-12-809439-6.00001-7Search in Google Scholar

25. Tang, H, Ando, H, Watanabe, K, Takeda, Y, Mitsunaga, T. Physicochemical properties and structure of large, medium and small granule starches in fractions of normal barley endosperm. Carbohydr Res 2001;330:241–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00292-5.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

26. Waduge, RN, Hoover, R, Vasanthan, T, Gao, J, Li, J. Effect of annealing on the structure and physicochemical properties of barley starches of varying amylose content. Food Res Int 2006;39:59–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2005.05.008.Search in Google Scholar

27. Savadekar, NR, Mhaske, ST. Synthesis of nano cellulose fibers and effect on thermoplastics starch based films. Carbohydr Polym 2012;89:146–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.063.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

28. Xie, F, Luckman, P, Milne, J, McDonald, L, Young, C, Tu, CY, et al.. Thermoplastic starch: current development and future trends. J Renew Mater 2014;2:95–106. https://doi.org/10.7569/JRM.2014.634104.Search in Google Scholar

29. Forssell, PM, Hulleman, SHD, Myllärinen, PJ, Moates, GK, Parker, R. Ageing of rubbery thermoplastic barley and oat starches. Carbohydr Polym 1999;39:43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(98)00128-3.Search in Google Scholar

30. Forssell, PM, Mikkilä, JM, Moates, GK, Parker, R. Phase and glass transition behaviour of concentrated barley starch-glycerol-water mixtures, a model for thermoplastic starch. Carbohydr Polym 1997;34:275–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8617(97)00133-1.Search in Google Scholar

31. Sagnelli, D, Hooshmand, K, Kemmer, GC, Kirkensgaard, JJK, Mortensen, K, Giosafatto, CVL, et al.. Cross-linked amylose bio-plastic: a transgenic-based compostable plastic alternative. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18:2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS18102075.Search in Google Scholar

32. Sagnelli, D, Cavanagh, R, Xu, J, Swainson, SME, Blennow, A, Duncan, J, et al.. Starch/poly (glycerol-adipate) nanocomposite film as novel biocompatible materials. Coatings 2019;9:482. https://doi.org/10.3390/COATINGS9080482.Search in Google Scholar

33. Fox, GP, Watson-Fox, L. Barley: current understanding of ’omics data on quality. In: Comprehensive foodomics. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2021, 1:513–27 pp.10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.22740-6Search in Google Scholar

34. Qin, C, Soykeabkaew, N, Xiuyuan, N, Peijs, T. The effect of fibre volume fraction and mercerization on the properties of all-cellulose composites. Carbohydr Polym 2008;71:458–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2007.06.019.Search in Google Scholar

35. Sharip, NS, Ariffin, H. Cellulose nanofibrils for biomaterial applications. Mater Today Proc 2019;16:1959–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.074.Search in Google Scholar

36. Norrrahim, MNF, Kasim, NAM, Knight, VF, Halim, NA, Shah, NAA, Noor, SAM, et al.. Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber reinforced polymer composites. Funct Compos Struct 2021;3:024001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/abeef6.Search in Google Scholar

37. Norrrahim, MNF, Ariffin, H, Yasim-Anuar, TAT, Hassan, MA, Ibrahim, NA, Yunus, WMZW, et al.. Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene-based nanocomposite. Polymers 2021;13:1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071064.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

38. Thiruganasambanthan, T, Ilyas, RA, Norrrahim, MNF, Kumar, TSM, Siengchin, S, Misenan, MSM, et al.. Emerging developments on nanocellulose as liquid crystals: a biomimetic approach. Polymers 2022;14:1546.10.3390/polym14081546Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

39. Norrrahim, MNF, Mohd Kasim, NA, Knight, VF, Ong, KK, Mohd Noor, SA, Abdul Halim, N, et al.. Emerging developments regarding nanocellulose-based membrane filtration material against microbes. Polymers 2021;13:3249. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13193249.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

40. Norrrahim, MNF, Farid, MAA, Lawal, AA, Yasim-Anuar, TAT, Samsudin, MH, Zulkifli, AA. Emerging technologies for value-added use of oil palm biomass. Adv Environ Sci 2022;1:259–75. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2VA00029F.Search in Google Scholar

41. Norrrahim, MNF, Kasim, NAM, Knight, VF, Ong, KK, Noor, SAM, Jamal, SH, et al.. Cationic nanocellulose as promising candidate for filtration material of COVID-19: a perspective. Appl Sci Eng Prog 2021;14:580–7. https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2021.08.004.Search in Google Scholar

42. Klemm, D, Cranston, ED, Fischer, D, Gama, M, Kedzior, SA, Kralisch, D, et al.. Nanocellulose as a natural source for groundbreaking applications in materials science: today’s state. Mater Today 2018;21:720–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2018.02.001.Search in Google Scholar

43. Dufresne, A. Nanocellulose: a new ageless bionanomaterial. Mater Today 2013;16:220–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2013.06.004.Search in Google Scholar

44. Solala, I, Iglesias, MC, Peresin, MS. On the potential of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs): a review on properties and applications. Cellulose 2020;27:1853–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02899-8.Search in Google Scholar

45. Norrrahim, MNF, Kasim, NAM, Knight, VF, Misenan, MSM, Janudin, N, Shah, NAA, et al.. Nanocellulose: a bioadsorbent for chemical contaminant remediation. RSC Adv 2021;11:7347–68. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA08005E.Search in Google Scholar

46. Kargarzadeh, H, Mariano, M, Gopakumar, D, Ahmad, I, Thomas, S, Dufresne, A, et al.. Advances in cellulose nanomaterials. Cellulose 2018;25:2151–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1723-5.Search in Google Scholar

47. Abitbol, T, Rivkin, A, Cao, Y, Nevo, Y, Abraham, E, Ben-Shalom, T, et al.. Nanocellulose, a tiny fiber with huge applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016;39:76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2016.01.002.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

48. Sharma, P, Mittal, M, Yadav, A, Aggarwal, NK. Bacterial cellulose: nano-biomaterial for biodegradable face masks-A greener approach towards environment. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag 2022;19:100759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2022.100759.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

49. Jenol, MA, Norrrahim, MNF, Nurazzi, NM. 17 – nanocellulose nanocomposites in textiles. In: Sapuan, SM, Norrrahim, MNF, Ilyas, RA, Soutis, C, editors. Industrial applications of nanocellulose and its nanocomposites. Cambridge, USA: Woodhead Publishing; 2022:397–408 pp.10.1016/B978-0-323-89909-3.00002-XSearch in Google Scholar

50. Hakimi, MI, Najmuddin, SUFS, Yusuff, SM, Norrrahim, MNF, Janudin, N, Yusoff, MZM, et al.. 18 – nanocellulose as a bioadsorbent for water and wastewater purification. In: Sapuan, SM, Norrrahim, MNF, Ilyas, RA, Soutis, C, editors. Industrial applications of nanocellulose and its nanocomposites. Cambridge, USA: Woodhead Publishing; 2022:409–37 pp.10.1016/B978-0-323-89909-3.00016-XSearch in Google Scholar

51. Norrrahim, MNF, Kasim, NAM, Knight, VF, Misenan, MSM, Janudin, N, Shah, NAA, et al.. 7 – nanocellulose as an adsorbent for heavy metals. In: Sapuan, SM, Norrrahim, MNF, Ilyas, RA, Soutis, C, editors. Industrial applications of nanocellulose and Its nanocomposites. Cambridge, USA: Woodhead Publishing; 2022:197–211 pp.10.1016/B978-0-323-89909-3.00012-2Search in Google Scholar

52. Janudin, N, Kasim, NAM, Knight, VF, Norrrahim, MNF, Razak, MAIA, Halim, NA, et al.. Fabrication of a nickel ferrite/nanocellulose-based nanocomposite as an active sensing material for the detection of chlorine gas. Polymers 2022;14:1906. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14091906.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

53. Sharip, NS, Yasim-Anuar, TAT, Norrrahim, MNF, Shazleen, SS, Nurazzi, NM, Sapuan, SM, et al.. A review on nanocellulose composites in biomedical application. In: Composites in biomedical applications. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press; 2020:161–90 pp.10.1201/9780429327766-8Search in Google Scholar

54. Norrrahim, MNF, Norizan, MN, Jenol, MA, Farid, MAA, Janudin, N, Ujang, FA, et al.. Emerging development on nanocellulose as antimicrobial material: an overview. Mater Adv 2021;2:3538–51. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1MA00116G.Search in Google Scholar

55. Norrrahim, MNF, Kasim, NAM, Knight, VF, Ujang, FA, Janudin, N, Razak, MAIA, et al.. Nanocellulose: the next super versatile material for the military. Mater Adv 2021;2:1485. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MA01011A.Search in Google Scholar

56. Surendren, A, Mohanty, AK, Liu, Q, Misra, M. A review of biodegradable thermoplastic starches, their blends and composites: recent developments and opportunities for single-use plastic packaging alternatives. Green Chem 2022;24:8606–36. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC02169B.Search in Google Scholar

57. Ilyas, R, Sapuan, S, Norrrahim, MNF, Yasim-Anuar, TAT, Kadier, A, Kalil, MS, et al.. Nanocellulose/starch biopolymer nanocomposites: processing, manufacturing, and applications. In: Advanced processing, properties, and applications of starch and other bio-based polymers. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2020:65–88 pp.10.1016/B978-0-12-819661-8.00006-8Search in Google Scholar

58. El Halal, SLM, Colussi, R, Deon, VG, Pinto, VZ, Villanova, FA, Carreño, NLV, et al.. Films based on oxidized starch and cellulose from barley. Carbohydr Polym 2015;133:644–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2015.07.024.Search in Google Scholar

59. Xu, J, Sagnelli, D, Faisal, M, Perzon, A, Taresco, V, Mais, M, et al.. Amylose/cellulose nanofiber composites for all-natural, fully biodegradable and flexible bioplastics. Carbohydr Polym 2021;253:117277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117277.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

60. Cao, X, Chen, Y, Chang, PR, Muir, AD, Falk, G. Starch-based nanocomposites reinforced with flax cellulose nanocrystals. Express Polym Lett 2008;2:502–10. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2008.60.Search in Google Scholar

61. Anglès, MN, Dufresne, A. Plasticized starch/tunicin whiskers nanocomposite materials. 2. Mechanical behavior. Macromolecules 2001;34:2921–31. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma001555h.Search in Google Scholar

62. Lu, Y, Weng, L, Cao, X. Biocomposites of plasticized starch reinforced with cellulose crystallites from cottonseed linter. Macromol Biosci 2005;5:1101–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.200500094.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

63. Kvien, I, Sugiyama, J, Votrubec, M, Oksman, K. Characterization of starch based nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 2007;42:8163–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1699-2.Search in Google Scholar

64. Ilyas, RA, Sapuan, SM, Ishak, MR, Zainudin, ES. Development and characterization of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose reinforced sugar palm starch bionanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2018;202:186–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.002.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

65. Asrofi, M, Abral, H, Kasim, A, Pratoto, A, Mahardika, M, Hafizulhaq, F. Mechanical properties of a water hyacinth nanofiber cellulose reinforced thermoplastic starch bionanocomposite: effect of ultrasonic vibration during processing. Fibers 2018;6:40. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib6020040.Search in Google Scholar

66. Moshood, TD, Nawanir, G, Mahmud, F, Mohamad, F, Ahmad, H, Abdulghani, A. Sustainability of biodegradable plastics: new problem or solution to solve the global plastic pollution? Curr Res Green Sustainable Chem 2022;5:100273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2022.100273.Search in Google Scholar

67. Bangar, SP, Whiteside, WS, Ashogbon, AO, Kumar, M. Recent advances in thermoplastic starches for food packaging: a review. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021;30:100743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100743.Search in Google Scholar

68. Gamage, A, Liyanapathiranage, A, Manamperi, A, Gunathilake, C, Mani, S, Merah, O, et al.. Applications of starch biopolymers for a sustainable modern agriculture. Sustainability 2022;14:6085. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU14106085.Search in Google Scholar

69. Norrrahim, MNF, Ariffin, H, Hassan, MA, Ibrahim, NA, Yunus, WMZW, Nishida, H. Utilisation of superheated steam in oil palm biomass pretreatment process for reduced chemical use and enhanced cellulose nanofibre production. Int J Nanotechnol 2019;16:668–79. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2019.107360.Search in Google Scholar

70. Ilyas, R, Sapuan, S, Kadier, A, Kalil, MS, Ibrahim, R, Atikah, M, et al.. Properties and characterization of PLA, PHA, and other types of biopolymer composites. In: Advanced processing, properties, and applications of starch and other bio-based polymers. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2020:111–38 pp.10.1016/B978-0-12-819661-8.00008-1Search in Google Scholar

71. Niaounakis, M. Introduction. In: Biopolymers: processing and products. Oxford, GB, UK: William Andrew; 2015:1–77 pp.10.1016/B978-0-323-26698-7.00001-5Search in Google Scholar

72. Rujnić-Sokele, M, Pilipović, A. Challenges and opportunities of biodegradable plastics: a mini review. Waste Manag Res 2017;35:132–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X16683272.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

73. Moshood, TD, Nawanir, G, Mahmud, F, Mohamad, F, Ahmad, H, Abdulghani, A, et al.. Green product innovation: a means towards achieving global sustainable product within biodegradable plastic industry. J Clean Prod 2022;363:132506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132506.Search in Google Scholar

74. Dogan, N, McHugh, TH. Effects of microcrystalline cellulose on functional properties of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose microcomposite films. J Food Sci 2007;72:16–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00237.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

75. Bideau, B, Bras, J, Saini, S, Daneault, C, Loranger, E. Mechanical and antibacterial properties of a nanocellulose-polypyrrole multilayer composite. Mater Sci Eng C 2016;69:977–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.005.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

76. Ilyas, RA, Sapuan, SM, Ishak, MR, Zainudin, ES. Sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose reinforced sugar palm starch composite: degradation and water-barrier properties. In: Proceedings of the IOP conference series: materials science and engineering; 2018, vol 368.10.1088/1757-899X/368/1/012006Search in Google Scholar

77. Šubarić, D, Babić, J, LaLić, A, Ačkar, Đ, Kopjar, M. Isolation and characterisation of starch from different barley and oat varieties. Czech J Food Sci 2011;29:354–60. https://doi.org/10.17221/297/2010-cjfs.Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2022-04-11
Accepted: 2023-01-27
Published Online: 2023-03-14

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Modern analytical approach in biopolymer characterization
  4. Development of nanocellulose fiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites: a review
  5. Recent developments in sago starch thermoplastic bio-composites
  6. Mechanical degradation of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend bionanocomposites in aqueous environments
  7. Computational design of the novel building blocks for the metal-organic frameworks based on the organic ligand protected Cu4 cluster
  8. Highly functional nanocellulose-reinforced thermoplastic starch-based nanocomposites
  9. Spectral peak areas do not vary according to spectral averaging scheme used in functional MRS experiments at 3 T with interleaved visual stimulation
  10. Triterpenoids of antibacterial extracts from the leaves of Bersama abyssinica Fresen (Francoaceae)
  11. Immediate effects of atrazine application on soil organic carbon and selected macronutrients and amelioration by sawdust biochar pretreatment
  12. Process configuration of combined ozonolysis and anaerobic digestion for wastewater treatment
  13. Concentration levels and risk assessment of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residue in selected cereals and legumes sold in Anambra State, south-eastern Nigeria
  14. XRD and cytotoxicity assay of submitted nanomaterial industrial samples in the Philippines
  15. Comparative study of the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light irradiation using Bi24O31Br11-anchored carbonaceous and silicates catalyst support
  16. Xanthoangelol, geranilated chalcone compound, isolation from pudau leaves (Artocarpus kemando Miq.) as antibacterial and anticancer
  17. Barley thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  18. Integration of chemo- and bio-catalysis to intensify bioprocesses
  19. Fabrication of starch-based packaging materials
  20. Potato thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  21. Review on sago thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  22. Wheat thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  23. Synergistic effect in bimetallic gold catalysts: recent trends and prospects
  24. Simultaneous removal of methylene blue, copper Cu(II), and cadmium Cd(II) from synthetic wastewater using fennel-based adsorbents
  25. The investigation of the physical properties of an electrical porcelain insulator manufactured from locally sourced materials
  26. Concentration evaluation and risk assessment of pesticide residues in selected vegetables sold in major markets of Port Harcourt South-South Nigeria
  27. Detection of iodine in aqueous extract of plants through modified Mohr’s method
  28. Exploration of bioactive compounds from Mangifera indica (Mango) as probable inhibitors of thymidylate synthase and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-Κb) in colorectal cancer management
  29. A new sphingoid derivative from Acacia hockii De Wild (Fabaceae) with antimicrobial and insecticidal properties
  30. Protection of wood against bio-attack and research of new effective and environmental friendly fungicides
  31. Computational investigation of Arbutus serratifolia Salisb molecules as new potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
  32. Exploring the solvation of water molecules around radioactive elements in nuclear waste water treatment
https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0025
Keywords for this article
barley-based starch; nanocellulose; nanocomposite; thermoplastic starch

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Modern analytical approach in biopolymer characterization
  4. Development of nanocellulose fiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites: a review
  5. Recent developments in sago starch thermoplastic bio-composites
  6. Mechanical degradation of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend bionanocomposites in aqueous environments
  7. Computational design of the novel building blocks for the metal-organic frameworks based on the organic ligand protected Cu4 cluster
  8. Highly functional nanocellulose-reinforced thermoplastic starch-based nanocomposites
  9. Spectral peak areas do not vary according to spectral averaging scheme used in functional MRS experiments at 3 T with interleaved visual stimulation
  10. Triterpenoids of antibacterial extracts from the leaves of Bersama abyssinica Fresen (Francoaceae)
  11. Immediate effects of atrazine application on soil organic carbon and selected macronutrients and amelioration by sawdust biochar pretreatment
  12. Process configuration of combined ozonolysis and anaerobic digestion for wastewater treatment
  13. Concentration levels and risk assessment of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residue in selected cereals and legumes sold in Anambra State, south-eastern Nigeria
  14. XRD and cytotoxicity assay of submitted nanomaterial industrial samples in the Philippines
  15. Comparative study of the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light irradiation using Bi24O31Br11-anchored carbonaceous and silicates catalyst support
  16. Xanthoangelol, geranilated chalcone compound, isolation from pudau leaves (Artocarpus kemando Miq.) as antibacterial and anticancer
  17. Barley thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  18. Integration of chemo- and bio-catalysis to intensify bioprocesses
  19. Fabrication of starch-based packaging materials
  20. Potato thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  21. Review on sago thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  22. Wheat thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  23. Synergistic effect in bimetallic gold catalysts: recent trends and prospects
  24. Simultaneous removal of methylene blue, copper Cu(II), and cadmium Cd(II) from synthetic wastewater using fennel-based adsorbents
  25. The investigation of the physical properties of an electrical porcelain insulator manufactured from locally sourced materials
  26. Concentration evaluation and risk assessment of pesticide residues in selected vegetables sold in major markets of Port Harcourt South-South Nigeria
  27. Detection of iodine in aqueous extract of plants through modified Mohr’s method
  28. Exploration of bioactive compounds from Mangifera indica (Mango) as probable inhibitors of thymidylate synthase and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-Κb) in colorectal cancer management
  29. A new sphingoid derivative from Acacia hockii De Wild (Fabaceae) with antimicrobial and insecticidal properties
  30. Protection of wood against bio-attack and research of new effective and environmental friendly fungicides
  31. Computational investigation of Arbutus serratifolia Salisb molecules as new potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
  32. Exploring the solvation of water molecules around radioactive elements in nuclear waste water treatment
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 23.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/psr-2022-0025/html
Scroll to top button