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Citric acid: fermentative production using organic wastes as feedstocks

  • Birhan Aynalem , Himani Negi , Yigrem Alemu , Nirmala Sehrawat and Amit Kumar EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 26, 2023
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Physical Sciences Reviews
From the journal Physical Sciences Reviews Volume 9 Issue 9

Abstract

Citric acid is the most important organic acid produced in tonnage and is used extensively in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries due to its low cost and high efficiency compared to other acidulates. Citric acid is produced by fungi, bacteria and yeasts under solid-state and submerged state fermentations. Aspergillus niger is one of the most dominant producer of citric acid. Different fruit wastes and agricultural residues are employed as surplus resources for microbial production of citric acid. In this review, the microbial sources and different organic wastes involved in citric acid production have been discussed. Furthermore, the recovery, purification and application of citric acid in different human utilities have also been reviewed.

Keywords: citric acids; organic wastes; submerged fermentation; solid-state fermentation; microorganisms
Corresponding author: Amit Kumar, Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the editors Amit Kumar and Vikas Kumar for their guidance and review of this article before its publication.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

  3. Research funding: None.

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Received: 2023-05-28
Accepted: 2023-09-04
Published Online: 2023-09-26

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0158
Keywords for this article
citric acids; organic wastes; submerged fermentation; solid-state fermentation; microorganisms

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Circular plastics technologies: open loop recycling of waste plastics into new chemicals
  4. Biopolymeric conjugation with synthetic fibers and applications
  5. Antibody biopolymer conjugate
  6. Intensification of biocatalytic processes by using alternative reaction media
  7. Biopolymeric conjugation with food additives
  8. Bioprocess intensification with model-assisted DoE-strategies for the production of biopharmaceuticals
  9. Synthesis of biopolymer-polypeptide conjugates and their potential therapeutic interests
  10. Future perspectives of biopolymeric industry
  11. Process intensification in biopharmaceutical process development and production – an industrial perspective
  12. Citric acid: fermentative production using organic wastes as feedstocks
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