Home Environmental advantages and challenges of nanocellulose reinforced starch-based packaging
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Environmental advantages and challenges of nanocellulose reinforced starch-based packaging

  • Isabella Cícera Dias Miranda , Jorge Alberto López and Maria Lucila Hernández-Macedo ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 26, 2023
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Physical Sciences Reviews
From the journal Physical Sciences Reviews Volume 9 Issue 7

Abstract

Sustainable packaging development with lower environmental impact is urgent due to the petroleum-based plastic accumulation. Thereby, nanocellulose arouses the interest of several industrial sectors as renewable sources material and its mechanical properties for packaging manufacture. Biopolymers such as starch have been an alternative in packaging preparation, although its low mechanical and water resistance represents a challenge for its application. An alternative to improve these starch characteristics is nanocellulose incorporation. Thus, this chapter proposes obtaining nanocellulose from renewable sources, and its environmental advantage to replace plastics. Furthermore, types of nanocellulose, methods for obtaining, and the main physicochemical characteristics of nanocellulose are discussed since this polymer versatility allows its application in several industrial sectors, especially in packaging development. Finally, this review presents the incorporation nanocellulose-based nanocomposites in matrices, aiming to obtain formulations containing active agents to improve mechanical strength and water resistance and packaged product quality.

Keywords: bionanocamposites; biopolymers; nanocellulose; packaging; starch
Corresponding author: Maria Lucila Hernández-Macedo, Industrial Biotechnology Graduation, Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research and Technology Institute - ITP, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju, SE, Brazil, E-mail:

Funding source: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)

Award Identifier / Grant number: 305462/2021-0

Funding source: Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES)

Award Identifier / Grant number: 001

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: The authors thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq (Grant: 305462/2021–0), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) (Grant:001) and FAPITEC/SE for financial support and fellowship.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

1. Di Bartolo, A, Infurna, G, Dintcheva, NT. A review of bioplastics and their adoption in the circular economy. Polymers 2021;13:1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081229.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

2. Rai, P, Mehrotra, S, Priya, S, Gnansounou, E, Sharma, SK. Recent advances in the sustainable design and applications of biodegradable polymers. Bioresour Technol 2021;325:124739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124739.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

3. Aziz, T, Farid, A, Haq, F, Kiran, M, Ullah, A, Zhang, K, et al.. A Review on the modification of cellulose and its applications. Polymers 2022;14:3206. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14153206.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

4. Kargarzadeh, H, Ioelovich, M, Ahmad, I, Thomas, S, Dufresne, A. Methods for extraction of nanocellulose from various sources. In: Kargarzadeh, H, Ahmad, I, Thomas, S, Dufresne, A, editors. Handbook of nanocellulose and cellulose nanocomposites. Germany: Wiley VCH; 2017. Chapter 1.10.1002/9783527689972.ch1Search in Google Scholar

5. Etale, A, Onyianta, AJ, Turner, SR, Eichhorn, SJ. Cellulose: a review of water interactions, applications in composites, and water treatment. Chem Rev 2023;123:2016–48. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00477.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

6. Teo, HL, Wahab, RA. Towards eco-friendly deconstruction of agro-industrial biomass and preparation of renewable celulose nanomaterials: a review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020;15:1414–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.076.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Dhali, K, Ghasemlou, M, Daver, F, Cass, P, Adhikari. A review of nanocellulose as new material toward environmental sustainability. Sci Total Environ 2021;25:775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145871.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Nagarajan, KJ, Ramanujam, NR, Sanjay, MR, Siengchin, S, Rajan, BS, Sathick Basha, K, et al.. A comprehensive review on cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibers: pretreatment, preparation, and characterization. Polym Compos 2021;42:1588–630. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25929.Search in Google Scholar

9. Gond, RK, Gupta, MK, Jawaid, M. Extraction of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse and its characterization for potential applications. Polym Compos 2021;42:5400–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26232.Search in Google Scholar

10. Khalid, MY, Arif, ZU, Sheikh, MF, Nasir, MA. Mechanical characterization of glass and jute fiber-based hybrid composites fabricated through compression molding technique. Int J Material Form 2021;14:1085–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-021-01624-w.Search in Google Scholar

11. Benini, KCCC, Voorwald, HJC, Cioffi, MOH, Milanese, AC, Ornaghi, ALJr. Characterization of a new lignocellulosic fiber from Brazil: Imperata brasiliensis (Brazilian satintail) as an alternative source for nanocellulose extraction. J Nat Fibers 2017;14:112–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2016.1167647.Search in Google Scholar

12. Nazrin, A, Sapuan, MS, Zuhri, MYM, Ilyas, RA, Syafiq, R, Sherwani, SFK. Nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS), polylactic acid (PLA), and polybutylene succinate (PBS) for food packaging applications. Front Chem 2020;8:213.10.3389/fchem.2020.00213Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

13. Kaur, P, Sharma, N, Munagala, M, Rajkhowa, R, Aallardyce, B, Shastri, Y, et al.. Nanocellulose: resources, physio-chemical properties, current uses and future applications. Front Nanotechnol 2021;3:747329.10.3389/fnano.2021.747329Search in Google Scholar

14. Arif, ZU, Khalid, MY, Sheikh, MF, Zolfagharian, A, Bodaghi, M. Biopolymeric sustainable materials and their emerging applications. J Environ Chem Eng 2022;10:108159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108159.Search in Google Scholar

15. Khalid, MY, Arif, ZU. Novel biopolymer-based sustainable composites for food packaging applications: a narrative review. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022;33:100892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100892.Search in Google Scholar

16. Abdalkarim, SYH, Chen, L-M, Yu, H-Y, Li, F, Chen, X, Zhou, Y, et al.. Versatile nanocellulose-based nanohybrids: a promising-new class for active packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021;182:1915–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.169.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

17. Khalid, MY, Al Rashid, A, Arif, ZU, Ahmed, W, Arsha, H. Recent advances in nanocellulose-based different biomaterials: types, properties, and emerging applications. J Mater Res Technol 2021;14:2601–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.128.Search in Google Scholar

18. Atiwesh, G, Mikhael, A, Parrish, CC, Banoub, J, Le, TAT. Environmental impact of bioplastis use: a review. Heliyon 2021;7:e07918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07918.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

19. Yates, J, Deeney, M, Rolker, HB, White, H, Kalamatianou, S, Kadiyala, S. A systematic scoping review of environmental, food security and health impacts of food system plastics. Nat Food 2021;2:80–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00221-z.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

20. Zhang, Y, Duan, C, Bokka, SH, He, Z, Ni, Y. Molded fiber and pulp products as green and sustainable alternatives to plastics: a mini review. J Bioresour Bioprod 2022;7:14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2021.10.003.Search in Google Scholar

21. Freitas, LC, Barbosa, JR, Costa, ALC, Bezerra, FWF, Pinto, RHH, Carvalho Junior, RN. From waste to sustainable industry: how can agro-industrial wastes help in the development of new products? Resour Conserv Recycl 2021;169:105466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105466.Search in Google Scholar

22. Zubair, M, Arshad, M, Ullah, A. Nanocellulose: a sustainable and renewable material for water and wasterwater treatment. In: Kalia, S, editor. Natural polymers-based green adsorbents for water treatment. Chennai, India: Elsevier; 2021. Chapter 4.10.1016/B978-0-12-820541-9.00009-0Search in Google Scholar

23. Wang, Q, Yao, Q, Liu, J, Sun, J, Zhu, Q, Chen, H. Processing nanocelulose to bulk materials: a review. Cellulose 2019;26:7585–617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02642-3.Search in Google Scholar

24. Raghav, N, Sharma, MR, Kennedy, JF. Nanocellulose: a mini-review on types and use in drug delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym Technol Appl 2021;2:100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2020.100031.Search in Google Scholar

25. Chen, Q, Liu, Y, Chen, G. A comparative study on the starch-based biocomposite films reinforced by nanocellulose prepared from different non-wood fibers. Cellulose 2019;26:2425–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02254-x.Search in Google Scholar

26. Thakur, V, Guleria, A, Kumar, S, Sharma, S, Singh, K. Recent advances in nanocellulose processing, functionalization and applications: a review. Mater Adv 2021;2:1872–95. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1MA00049G.Search in Google Scholar

27. Tahir, D, Karim, MRA, Hu, H, Naseem, S, Rehan, M, Ahmad, M, et al.. Sources, chemical functionalization, and commercial applications of nanocellulose and nanocellulose-based composites: a review. Polymers 2022;14:4468. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214468.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

28. Norizan, MN, Shazleen, SS, Alias, AH, Sabaruddin, FA, Asyraf, MRM, Zainudin, ES, et al.. Nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for sustainable applications: a review. Nanomaterials 2022;12:3483. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193483.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

29. Owonubi, SJ, Agwuncha, SC, Malima, NM, Shombe, GB, Makhatha, EM, Revaprasadu, N. Non-woody biomass as sources of nanocellulose particles: a review of extraction procedures. Front Energy Res 2021;9:608825. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.608825.Search in Google Scholar

30. Trache, D, Tarchoun, AF, Derradji, M, Hamidon, TS, Masruchin, N, Brosse, N, et al.. Nanocellulose: from fundamentals to advanced applications. Front Chem 2020;8:392. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00392.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

31. Vincent, S, Kandasubramanian, B. Cellulose nanocrystals from agricultural resources: extraction and functionalization. Eur Polym J 2021;160:110789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110789.Search in Google Scholar

32. Blanco, A, Monte, MC, Campano, C, Balea, A, Merayo, N, Negro, C. Nanocellulose for industrial use: cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and bacterial cellulose (BC). In: Hussain, CM, editor. Handbook of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications. Chennai, India: Elsevier; 2018. Chapter 5.10.1016/B978-0-12-813351-4.00005-5Search in Google Scholar

33. Pradhan, D, Jaiswal, AK, Jaiswal, S. Emerging technologies for the production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. Carbohydr Polym 2022;285:119258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119258.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

34. Joseph, B, Sagarika, VK, Sabu, C, Kalarikkal, N, Thomas, S. Cellulose nanocomposites: fabrication and biomedical applications. J Bioresour Bioprod 2020;5:223–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2020.10.001.Search in Google Scholar

35. Raza, M, Abu-Jdayil, B. Cellulose nanocrystals from lignocellulosic feedstock: a review of production technology and surface chemistry modification. Cellulose 2022;29:685–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04371-y.Search in Google Scholar

36. Barja, F. Bacterial nanocellulose production and biomedical applications. J Biomed Res 2021;35:310–7. https://doi.org/10.7555/JBR.35.20210036.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

37. Sharma, C, Bhardwaj, NK. Bacterial nanocellulose: present status, biomedical applications and future perspectives. Mater Sci Eng C 2019;104:109963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.109963.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

38. Choi, SM, Shin, EJ. The nanofication and functionalization of bacterial cellulose and its applications. Nanomaterials 2020;10:406. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10030406.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

39. Moriana, R, Vilaplana, F, Ek, M. Cellulose nanocrystals from forest residues as reinforcing agents for composites: a study from macro- to nano-dimensions. Carbohydr Polym 2016;139:139–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.020.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

40. Yu, S, Sun, J, Shi, Y, Wang, Q, Wu, J, Liu, J. Nanocellulose from various biomass wastes: its preparation and potential usages towards the high value-added products. Environ Sci Ecotech 2021;5:100077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2020.100077.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

41. Pascoli, DU, Dichiara, A, Roumeli, E, Gustafson, R, Bura, R. Lignocellulosic nanomaterials production from wheat straw via peracetic acid pretreatment and their application in plastic composites. Carbohydr Polym 2022;295:119857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119857.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

42. Gupta, GK, Shukla. Lignocellulosic biomass for the synthesis of nanocellulose and its eco-friendly advanced applications. Front Chem 2020;8:601256. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.601256.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

43. Oun, AA, Shankar, S, Rhim, JW. Multifunctional nanocellulose/metal and metal oxide nanoparticle hybrid nanomaterials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020;60:435–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1536966.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

44. Menezes, DB, Diz, FM, Ferreira, LFR, Corrales, Y, Baudrit, JRV, Costa, LP, et al.. Starch-based biocomposite membrane reinforced by orange bagasse cellulose nanofibers extracted from ionic liquid treatment. Cellulose 2021;28:4137–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03814-w.Search in Google Scholar

45. Meng, F, Wang, G, Du, X, Wang, Z, Xu, S, Zhang, Y. Extraction and Characterization of cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals from liquefied banana pseudo-stem residue. Compos B Eng 2019;160:341–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.048.Search in Google Scholar

46. Tao, P, Wu, Z, Xing, C, Zhang, Q, Wei, Z, Nie, S. Effect of enzymatic treatment on the termal stability of cellulose nanofibrils. Cellulose 2019;26:7717–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02634-3.Search in Google Scholar

47. Perzon, A, Jorgensen, B, Ulvskov, P. Sustainable production of celullose nanofiber gels and paper from sugar beet waste using enzymatic pre-treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2020;230:115181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115581.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

48. Guo, Y, Zhang, Y, Zheng, D, Li, M, Yue, J. Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose crystals via acid hydrolysis from agricultural waste-tea stalk. Int J Biol Macromol 2020;163:927–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.009.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

49. Santos, RM, Neto, WPF, Silvério, HA, Martins, DF, Dantas, NO, Pasquini, D. Cellulose nanocrystals from pineapple leaf, a new approach for the reuse of this agro-waste. Ind Crops Prod 2013;50:707–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.049.Search in Google Scholar

50. Ma, Y, Chai, X, Bao, H, Huang, Y, Dong, W. Study on nanocellulose isolated from waste from chilli stems processing as dietary fiber in biscuits. PLoS One 2023;18:e0281142. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281142.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

51. Hastuti, N, Kanomata, K, Kitaoka, T. Hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of pulps from oil palm empty fruit bunches to produce cellulose nanocrystals. J Polym Environ 2018;26:3698–709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1248-x.Search in Google Scholar

52. Gao, H, Sun, Q, Han, Z, Li, J, Liao, B, Hu, L, et al.. Comparison of bacterial nanocellulose produced by diferentt strains under static and agitated culture conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2020;227:115323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115323.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

53. Silva, SMF, Ribeiro, HL, Mattos, ALA, Borges, MF, Rosa, MF, Azeredo, HMC. Films from cashew byproducts: cashew gum and bacterial cellulose from cashew apple juice. J Food Sci Technol 2021;58:1979–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04709-7.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

54. Kaczmarek, M, Jedrzejczak, M, Ludwicka. Comparative analysis of bacterial cellulose membranes synthesized by chosen Komagataeibacter strains and their application potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23:3391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063391.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

55. Albuquerque, RMB, Meira, HM, Silva, IDL, Silva, CJG, Almeida, FCGA, Amorim, JDP, et al.. Production of a bacterial cellulose/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blend activated with clove essential oil for food packaging. Polym Polym Compos 2021;29:259–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967391120912098.Search in Google Scholar

56. Noremylia, MB, Zaki, MZ, Ismail, Z. Recent advancement in isolation, processing, characterization and applications of emerging nanocellulose: a review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022;206:954–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.064.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

57. Ghasemlou, M, Daver, F, Ivanova, EP, Habibi, Y, Adhikari, B. Surface modifications of nanocellulose: from synthesis to high-performance nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 2021;119:101418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101418.Search in Google Scholar

58. Hosakun, W, Tsalagkas, D, Csóka, L. Nanocellulose-based composites for environmental applications: a review. In: Deans, M, editor. Innovation in nano-polysaccharides for eco-sustainability. Chennai, India: Elsevier; 2022. Chapter 15.10.1016/B978-0-12-823439-6.00007-6Search in Google Scholar

59. Ahankari, SS, Subhedar, AR, Bhadauria, SS, Dufresne, A. Nanocellulose in food packaging: a review. Carbohydr Polym 2021;255:117479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117479.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

60. Piccinno, F, Hischier, R, Seeger, S, Som, C. Predicting the environmental impact of a future nanocellulose production at industrial scale: application of the life cycle assessment scale-up framework. J Clean Prod 2018;174:283–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.22.Search in Google Scholar

61. Mu, R, Hong, X, Ni, Y, Li, Y, Pang, J, Wang, Q, et al.. Recent trends and applications of cellulose nanocrystals in food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019;93:134–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.09.013.Search in Google Scholar

62. Al-Obadi, M, Ayad, H, Pokharel, S, Ayari, MA. Perspectives on food waste management: prevention and social innovations. Sustain Prod Consum 2022;31:190–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.02.012.Search in Google Scholar

63. Milanez, DH, Amaral, RM, Faria, LIL, Gregolin, JAR. Assessing nanocellulose developments using science and technology indicators. Mater Res 2013;16:635–41. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392013005000033.Search in Google Scholar

64. Salgado, PR, Di Giorgio, L, Musso, YS, Mauri, NA. Recent developments in smart food packaging focused on biobased and biodegradable polymers. Front Sustain Food Syst 2021;5:630393. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.630393.Search in Google Scholar

65. Azeredo, HMC, Rosa, MF, Mattoso, LHC. Nanocellulose in bio-based food packaging applications. Ind Crop Prod 2017;97:664–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.03.013.Search in Google Scholar

66. Fotie, G, Limbo, S, Piergiovanni, L. Manufacturing of food packaging based on nanocellulose: current advances and challenges. Nanomaterials 2020;10:1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091726.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

67. Shen, R, Xue, S, Xu, Y, Liu, Q, Feng, Z, Ren, H, et al.. Research progress and development demand of nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites. Polymers 2020;12:2113. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12092113.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

68. Perumal, AB, Nambiar, RB, Moses, JA, Anandharamakrishnan, C. Anandharamakrishnana. Nanocellulose: recent trends and applications in the food industry. Food Hydrocolloids 2022;127:107484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107484.Search in Google Scholar

69. Noorbakhsh-Soltani, SM, Zerafat, MM, Sabbaghi, S. A comparative study of gelatin and starch-based nano-composite films modified by nano-cellulose and chitosan for food packaging applications. Carbohydr Polym 2018;189:48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.012.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

70. Trivedi, R, Prajapati, P. Nanocellulose in packaging industry. In: Oraon, R, Rawtani, D, Singh, P, Hussain, CM, editors. Nanocellulose materials. New Delhi, India: Elsevier; 2022. Chapter 3.10.1016/B978-0-12-823963-6.00012-0Search in Google Scholar

71. Chakrabarty, A, Teramoto, Y. Recent advances in nanocellulose composites with polymers: a guide for choosing partners and how to incorporate them. Polymers 2018;10:517. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10050517.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

72. Peng, N, Huang, D, Gong, C, Wang, Y, Zhou, J, Chang, C. Controlled arrangement of nanocellulose in polymeric matrix: from reinforcement to functionality. ACS Nano 2020;14:16169–79. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c08906.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

73. Martínez-Barrera, G, Garduño-Jaimes, IZ, Vigueras-Santiago, E, Cruz-Olivares, J, González-Rivas, N, Gencel, O. Green composites from sustainable cellulose nanofibrils. In: Thomas, S, Balakrishnan, P, editors. Green composites. Singapore: Springer; 2021.10.1007/978-981-15-9643-8_5Search in Google Scholar

74. Lee, K-Y, Aitomäki, Y, Berglund, LC, Oksman, K, Bismarck, A. On the use of nanocellulose as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. Compos Sci Technol 2014;105:15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.08.032.Search in Google Scholar

75. Ding, Z, Chang, X, Fu, X, Kong, H, Yu, Y, Xu, H, et al.. Fabrication and characterization of pullulan-based composite films incorporated with bacterial cellulose and ferulic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2022;219:121–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.236.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

76. De, S, James, B, Ji, J, Wasti, S, Zhang, S, Kore, S, et al.. Biomass-derived composites for various applications. Adv Bioenergy 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aibe.2023.01.001. In press.Search in Google Scholar

77. Anjos, HA, Luna, S, Hernández-Macedo, ML, López, JA. Antimicrobial and antioxidant active food packaging: technological and scientific prospection. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2020;14:99–111. https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208313666191004113756.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

78. Firouz, MS, Mohi-Alden, K, Omid, M. A critical review on intelligent and active packaging in the food industry: research and development. Food Res Int 2021;141:110113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110113.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

79. Atta, OM, Manan, S, Shahzad, A, Ul-Islam, M, Ullah, MW, Yang, G. Biobased materials for active food packaging: a review. Food Hydrocolloids 2022;125:107419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107419.Search in Google Scholar

80. Cherian, RM, Tharayil, A, Varghese, RT, Antony, T, Kargarzadeh, H, Chirayil, CJ, et al.. A review on the emerging applications of nano-cellulose as advanced coatings. Carbohydr Polym 2022;288:119123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119123.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

81. Darwish, MSA, Mostafa, MH, Al-Harbi, LM. Polymeric nanocomposites for environmental and industrial applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23:1023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031023.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

82. Zinge, C, Kandasubramanian, B. Nanocellulose based biodegradable polymers. Eur Polym J 2020;133:109758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109758.Search in Google Scholar

83. Pirsa, S, Sani, IK, Mirtalebi, SS. Nano-biocomposite based color sensors: investigation of structure, function, and applications in intelligent food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022;32:100789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100789.Search in Google Scholar

84. Farooq, A, Patoary, MK, Zhang, M, Mussana, H, Li, M, Naeem, MA, et al.. Cellulose from sources to nanocellulose and an overview of synthesis and properties of nanocellulose/zinc oxide nanocomposite materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2020;154:1050–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.163.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

85. Lee, CH, Lee, SH, Padzil, FNM, Ainun, ZMA, Norrrahim, MNF, Chin, KL. Biocomposites and nanocomposites. In: Sachdeva, A, Singh, PK, Rhee, HW, editors. composite materials. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2021.10.1201/9781003080633-2Search in Google Scholar

86. Pande, VV, Sanklecha, VM. Bionanocomposite: a review. Austin J Nanomed Nanotechnol 2017;5:1045.Search in Google Scholar

87. Arora, B, Bhatia, R, Attri, P. Bionanocomposites: green materials for a sustainable future. In: Hussain, CM, Mishra, AK, editors. New polymer nanocomposites for environmental remediation. India: Elsevier; 2018.10.1016/B978-0-12-811033-1.00027-5Search in Google Scholar

88. Khalid, MY, Arif, ZU, Al Rashid, A. Investigation of tensile and flexural behavior of green composites along with their impact response at different energies. Int J Precis Eng Manuf.-Green Tech 2022;9:1399–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-021-00385-w.Search in Google Scholar

89. Mohiuddin, M, Kumar, B, Haque, S. Biopolymer composites in photovoltaics and photodetectors. In: Sadasivuni, KK, Ponnamma, D, Kim, J, Cabibihan, JJ, AlMaadeed, MA, editors. Biopolymer composites in electronics. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2017. Chapter 17.10.1016/B978-0-12-809261-3.00017-6Search in Google Scholar

90. Lisitsyn, A, Semenova, A, Nasonova, V, Polishchuk, E, Revutskaya, N, Kozyrev, I, et al.. Approaches in animal proteins and natural polysaccharides application for food packaging: edible film production and quality estimation. Polymers 2021;13:1592. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13101592.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

91. Bashir, K, Aggarwal, M. Physicochemical, structural and functional properties of native and irradiated starch: a review. J Food Sci Technol 2019;56:513–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3530-2.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

92. Chung, HJ, Lee, SY, Kim, JH, Lee, JW, Byun, MW, Lim, ST. Pasting characteristics and in vitro digestibility of γ-irradiated RS4 waxy maize starches. J Cereal Sci 2010;52:53–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2010.03.002.Search in Google Scholar

93. Ilyas, RA, Sapuan, SM, Ibrahim, R, Abral, H, Ishak, MR, Zainudin, ES, et al.. Effect of sugar palm nanofibrillated cellulose concentrations on morphological, mechanical and physical properties of biodegradable films based on agro-waste sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) starch. J Mater Res Technol 2019;8:4819–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.08.028.Search in Google Scholar

94. Pattanashetti, NA, Heggannavar, GB, Kariduraganavar, MY. Smart biopolymers and their biomedical applications. Procedia Manuf 2017;12:263–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.08.030.Search in Google Scholar

95. Gopi, S, Amalraj, A, Jude, S, Thomas, S, Qipeng, G. Bionanocomposite films based on potato, tapioca starch and chitosan reinforced with cellulose nanofiber isolated from turmeric spent. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019;96:664–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2019.01.003.Search in Google Scholar

96. Wang, HJ, An, DS, Rhim, JW, Lee, DS. A multi-funcional biofilm used as an active insert in modified atmosphere packaging for fresh produce. Packag Technol Sci 2015;28:999–1010. https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2179.Search in Google Scholar

97. Martins, VG, Romani, VP, Martins, PC, Filipini, GS. Innovative packaging that saves food. In: Galanakis, CM, editor. Saving food. Chennai, India: Academic Press; 2019. Chapter 6.10.1016/B978-0-12-815357-4.00006-7Search in Google Scholar

98. Ghasemlou, M, Aliheidari, N, Fahmi, R, Aliabadi, SS, Keshavarz, B, Cran, MJ, et al.. Physical, mechanical and barrier properties of corn starch films incorporated with plant essential oils. Carbohydr Polym 2013;98:1117–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.026.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

99. Song, Y, Zhang, KF, Wang, ZR, Diao, FX, Yan, YN, Zhang, RJ. Coupled thermo-mechanical analysis for plastic thermoforming. Polym Eng Sci 2000;40:1736–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.11305.Search in Google Scholar

100. Dufresne, A. Cellulose nanomaterial reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017;29:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2017.01.004.Search in Google Scholar

101. Chen, W, Yu, H, Liu, Y, Chen, P, Zhang, M, Hai, Y. Individualization of cellulose nanofibers from wood using high-intensity ultrasonication combined with chemical pretreatments. Carbohydr Polym 2011;83:1804–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.10.040.Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2023-01-18
Accepted: 2023-03-30
Published Online: 2023-04-26

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Banana starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  4. Araucaria Araucana thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  5. Gluconic acid: strategies for microbial production using organic waste and applications
  6. Environmental advantages and challenges of nanocellulose reinforced starch-based packaging
  7. Effect of case-based learning, team-based learning and regular teaching methods on secondary school students’ self-concept in chemistry in Maara sub-county, Tharaka Nithi county, Kenya
  8. Nanocellulose: from biosources to nanofiber and their applications
  9. Phytochemicals from Annona muricata (Sour Sop) as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and spike receptor protein: a structure-based drug design studies and chemoinformatics analyses
  10. Identification of novel inhibitors of P13K/AKT pathways: an integrated in-silico study towards the development of a new therapeutic agent against ovarian cancer
  11. Circular plastics technologies: depolymerization of polymers into parent monomers
  12. Changing our outlook towards vulnerable women for societal resilience
https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0032
Keywords for this article
bionanocamposites; biopolymers; nanocellulose; packaging; starch

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Banana starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  4. Araucaria Araucana thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
  5. Gluconic acid: strategies for microbial production using organic waste and applications
  6. Environmental advantages and challenges of nanocellulose reinforced starch-based packaging
  7. Effect of case-based learning, team-based learning and regular teaching methods on secondary school students’ self-concept in chemistry in Maara sub-county, Tharaka Nithi county, Kenya
  8. Nanocellulose: from biosources to nanofiber and their applications
  9. Phytochemicals from Annona muricata (Sour Sop) as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and spike receptor protein: a structure-based drug design studies and chemoinformatics analyses
  10. Identification of novel inhibitors of P13K/AKT pathways: an integrated in-silico study towards the development of a new therapeutic agent against ovarian cancer
  11. Circular plastics technologies: depolymerization of polymers into parent monomers
  12. Changing our outlook towards vulnerable women for societal resilience
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 14.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/psr-2022-0032/html
Scroll to top button