Home Linguistics & Semiotics Cross-dialectal analysis of English pitch range in male voices and its influence on aesthetic judgments of speech
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Cross-dialectal analysis of English pitch range in male voices and its influence on aesthetic judgments of speech

  • Kamil Malarski EMAIL logo and Mateusz Jekiel
Published/Copyright: June 8, 2018

Abstract

This study focuses on the differences in pitch register and pitch span across five accents of English, and investigates their potential effects on judgements of speech. We recorded two male middle-aged speakers for each of the following accents of English: Brighton, Manchester, Perth, New Jersey and Edmonton. Then, we modified pitch register in selected spontaneous speech recordings by raising the overall pitch in the recordings by 5 Hz and 15 Hz using Praat. The entire material was then randomized and prepared for an online survey. A group of 50 respondents (30 female, 20 male) who were non-native speakers of English were asked in a blind study to evaluate both the unmodified and modified recordings on a 7-point Likert scale in terms of their perceived attractiveness, friendliness, prestige and self-confidence. Overall, it has been found that pitch span can be a telling cue when evaluating perceived friendliness for both gender groups, while pitch register can affect male listeners in evaluating attractiveness and self-confidence. Finally, it seems that there is a an upper limit for what listeners can aesthetically accept in terms of pitch register, as the recordings with highest registers were disfavored by our respondents.


Kamil Malarski, Faculty of English, Collegium Novum, Adam Mickiewicz University, al. Niepodległości 4, Poznań, Poland

References

Adams, C. 1969. “A survey of Australian English intonation”. Phonetica 20. 81–130.10.1159/000259277Search in Google Scholar

Agnew, M. 2008. Here is the (Australian) news: A voice training handbook for the Australian newscaster. Brisbane: Boolarong Press.Search in Google Scholar

Bąk, H. 2016. Emotional prosody processing for non-native English speakers. Towards an integrative emotion paradigm. Berlin: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-44042-2Search in Google Scholar

Beckman, M. E. 1997. “Speech models and speech synthesis”. In: van Santen, J. P. H., R. W. Sproat, J. P. Olive and J. Hirschberg (eds.), Progress in speech synthesis.New York: Springer. 185–210.10.1007/978-1-4612-1894-4_15Search in Google Scholar

Boersma, P. and D. Weenink. 2013. Praat: doing phonetics by computer [Computer programme]. Version 5.3.56, retrieved 15 Sep 2013 from http://www.praat.org/.Search in Google Scholar

Bruce, G. 1990. “Alignment and composition of tonal accents: comments on Silverman and Pierrehumbert’s Paper”. In: Kingston, J. and M. Beckman (eds.), Papers in laboratory phonology I: Between the grammar and the physics of speech. Cambridge: CUP. 107–114.10.1017/CBO9780511627736.006Search in Google Scholar

Burgess, O. 1973. “Intonation patterns in Australian English”. Language and Speech 16 (4). 314–326.10.1177/002383097301600402Search in Google Scholar

Brinton, L. J. 2000. The structure of Modern English: A linguistic introduction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/z.94Search in Google Scholar

Chen, A., T. Rietveld and C. Gussenhoven. 2001. “Language-specific effects of pitch range on the perception of universal intonational meaning”. Paper presented at Eurospeech 2001: 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Aalborg, Denmark.10.21437/Eurospeech.2001-362Search in Google Scholar

Clopper, C. and R. Smiljanic. 2006. “Regional prosodic variation in American English: Midland vs. South”. Paper presented at NWAV 35, Columbus, OH.Search in Google Scholar

Collins, B. and I. Mees. 2013. Practical phonetics and phonology. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203080023Search in Google Scholar

Coupland, N. and H. Bishop. 2007. “Ideologised values for British accents”. Journal of Sociolinguistics 11(1). 74-93.10.1111/j.1467-9841.2007.00311.xSearch in Google Scholar

Cruttenden, A. 1994. Intonation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Cruttenden, A. 2001. “Mancunian intonation and intonational representation”. Phonetica 58. 53–80.10.1159/000028488Search in Google Scholar

Cruttenden, A. 2014. Gimson’s pronunciation of English. (8th ed.) London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203784969Search in Google Scholar

Crystal, D. 1969. Prosodic systems and intonation in English. London: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Crystal, D. and R. Quirk. 1964. Systems of prosodic and paralinguistic features in English. The Hague: Mouton.10.1515/9783112414989Search in Google Scholar

Dolson, M. 1994. “The pitch of speech as a function of linguistic community”. Music Perception 11(3). 321-331.10.2307/40285626Search in Google Scholar

Fletcher, J. and D. Loakes. 2010. “Interpreting rising intonation in Australian English”. Paper presented at The Fifth International Conference on Speech Prosody, Chicago, IL.10.21437/SpeechProsody.2010-220Search in Google Scholar

Grabe, E., B. Rosner, J. García-Albea and X. Zhou. 2003. “Perception of English intonation by English, Spanish, and Chinese listeners”. Language and Speech 46(4). 375–401.10.1177/00238309030460040201Search in Google Scholar

Grabe, E. 2004. “Intonational variation in urban dialects of English spoken in the British Isles”. In: Gilles, P. and Peters, J. (eds.), Regional variation in intonation. Tübingen: Niemeyer. 9–31.Search in Google Scholar

Grabe, E., G. Kochanski and J. Coleman. 2008. “The intonation of native accent varieties in the British Isles: Potential for miscommunication?”. In: Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, K. and J. Przedlacka (eds.), English pronunciation models: A changing scene. Bern: Peter Lang. 311–338.Search in Google Scholar

Greene, R. 2006. “Pitch accent use in Appalachian English”. Paper presented at Third Annual QP Fest, Stanford, CA.Search in Google Scholar

Gussenhoven, C. and A. Chen. 2000. “Universal and language-specific effects in the perception of question intonation”. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing. 91–94.10.21437/ICSLP.2000-216Search in Google Scholar

Gussenhoven, C. 2004. The phonology of tone and intonation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511616983Search in Google Scholar

Guy, G., B. Horvath, J. Vonwiller, E. Daisley and I. Rogers. 1986. “An intonational change in progress in Australian English”. Language and Society 15(1). 23–52.10.1017/S0047404500011635Search in Google Scholar

Kitamura, C. 2014. “Infant-directed speech: social and linguistic pathways in tonal and non-tonal languages”. In: Winskel, H. and P. Padakannaya (eds.), South and Southeast Asian psycholinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 36–44.Search in Google Scholar

Ladd, R. 1996. Intonational phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Liberman, M. 2014. Uptalk in Devon. <http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=13982>. Last accessed 21 Jan 2017.Search in Google Scholar

Liberman, M. and J. Pierrehumbert. 1984. “Intonational invariance under changes in pitch range and length”. In: Aronoff, M., R. Oehrle, F. Kelley and B.W. Stephens, (eds), Language sound structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 157–233.Search in Google Scholar

Malarski, K. 2013. “Intonation in the perception of Brummie”. In: Waniek-Klimczak, E. and L. R. Shockey (eds.), Teaching and researching English accents in native and non-native speakers. Berlin: Springer Verlag. 207–217.10.1007/978-3-642-24019-5_15Search in Google Scholar

McLarty, J. 2016a. “Intonation variation over time in the American South”. Paper presented at Northwest Phon{etics;ology} 2, Eugene, OR.Search in Google Scholar

McLarty, J. 2016b. “The perception of prosodic prominence in African American English by naïve listeners”. Paper presented at New Ways of Analyzing Variation 45, Vancouver, BCSearch in Google Scholar

Mennen, I., F. Schaeffler and G. Docherty. 2007. “Pitching it differently: a comparison of the pitch ranges of German and English speakers”. Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. 1769–1772.Search in Google Scholar

Nadeu, M. and P. Prieto. 2011. “Pitch range, gestural information, and perceived politeness in Catalan”. Journal of Pragmatics 43(3). 841–854.10.1016/j.pragma.2010.09.015Search in Google Scholar

Newmark, K., N. Walker and J. Stanford. 2015. “English prosody and Native American ethnic identity”. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 21(2). 147–155.Search in Google Scholar

Ohala, J. 1983. “Cross-language use of pitch: An ethological view”. Phonetica 40. 1–18.10.1159/000261678Search in Google Scholar

Podesva, R. 2006. “Intonational variation and social meaning: Categorical and phonetic aspects”. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 12(2). 189–202.Search in Google Scholar

Rietveld, T. and P. Vermillion. 2003. “Cues for perceived pitch register”. Phonetica 60(4). 261–272.10.1159/000076376Search in Google Scholar

Russell, J. 1980. “A circumplex model of affect”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(6). 1161–1178.10.1037/h0077714Search in Google Scholar

Sando, Y. 2009. “Upspeak across Canadian English accents: Acoustic and sociophonetic evidence”. Proceedings of the 2009 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association.Search in Google Scholar

Shokeir, V. 2007. “Uptalk in Southern Ontario English”. Paper presented at NWAV36, Philadelphia, PA.Search in Google Scholar

Tarone, E. 1973. “Aspects of intonation in Black English”. American Speech 48 (1/2). 29–36.10.2307/3087890Search in Google Scholar

Van Bezooijen, R. “Sociocultural aspects of pitch differences between Japanese and Dutch Women”. Language and Speech 38. 253-265.10.1177/002383099503800303Search in Google Scholar

Warren, P. 2016. Uptalk: The phenomenon of rising intonation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781316403570Search in Google Scholar

Wolfram, W. and E. Thomas. 2002. The development of African American English: Evidence from an isolated community. Oxford, UK and Malden, MA: Blackwell.10.1002/9780470690178Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2018-6-8
Published in Print: 2018-6-26

© 2018 Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland

Downloaded on 13.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/psicl-2018-0010/html
Scroll to top button