Effects of different ratios of soft and rigid segment on the properties of soil and sand fixing materials of polyacrylate

Lifang Chen; Yu Luo; Jiaxin Xu; Qinchuan He; Yiqun Wang

doi:10.1515/polyeng-2024-0074

Article

Effects of different ratios of soft and rigid segment on the properties of soil and sand fixing materials of polyacrylate

, , , and

Published/Copyright: November 27, 2024

Published by

Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Submit Manuscript Author Information

From the journal Journal of Polymer Engineering Volume 45 Issue 1

Abstract

Four polyacrylate materials with different mass ratios of soft and rigid segment were made by semi-continuous pre-emulsified seed emulsion polymerization. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) were used as soft and rigid segments, and acrylic acid (AA) was used as the functional segment. The composite emulsifiers were composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10). In this study, we successfully fabricated polyacrylate (PA). The morphology of the latex particles was spherical, with a diameter of ∼200 nm. With the increase of BA content, the glass transition temperature (T_g) of PA decreased. The PA curing agent could significantly improve the soil’s mechanical property and water resistance. The compressive strength of PA-1 solidified soil increased to 2.67 MPa, which 187 % higher than the pure soil sample (PA-0). Meanwhile, PA-1 solidified soil would not break down after being immersed in water for 30 days. This indicated that PA emulsion had an efficient solidification ability and a good water resistance, which was beneficial to sand fixation and slope protection.

Keywords: polymer; fixation materials of soil and sand; curing agent; polyacrylate

Corresponding authors: Qinchuan He, College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; and State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China, E-mail: heqinchuan@cdut.edu.cn; and Yiqun Wang, College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China, E-mail: wangyiqun17@cdut.edu.cn

Funding source: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project

Award Identifier / Grant number: SKLGP2022Z019

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Informed consent: Not applicable.
Author contributions: Lifang Chen: writing-original draft preparation; writing – review and editing; conceptualization. This author played an important role in both the manuscript writing and the manuscript revision, so this author is listed as the first author. Yu Luo: conceptualization; writing-original draft preparation. Jiaxin Xu: formal analysis; methodology; data curation. Qinchuan He: data curation; Yiqun Wang: writing – review and editing. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: The authors of this work acknowledge funding supported by State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project (SKLGP2022Z019).
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding authors.

References

1. Liu, J.; Shi, B.; Jiang, H.; Huang, H.; Wang, G.; Kamai, T. Research on the Stabilization Treatment of Clay Slope Topsoil by Organic Polymer Soil Stabilizer. Eng. Geolo. 2011, 117 (1–2), 114–120; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.10.011.Search in Google Scholar

2. Miao, F.; Wu, Y.; Toroke, A.; Li, Y.; Xue, Y. Centrifugal Model Test on a Riverine Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Induced by Rainfall and Water Level Fluctuation. Geosci. Front. 2022, 13 (3), 196–209; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2022.101378.Search in Google Scholar

3. Huang, W.; Geng, X.; Liu, Z.; Zhou, C. Molecular Dynamics Study of Polymeric Stabilizers as Soil Improvement Materials. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2022, 806, 139985; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139985.Search in Google Scholar

4. Cheng, J.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, H.; Cui, Z.; Cao, C. Sand-fixation Plantation Type Affects Soil Phosphorus Transformation Microbial Community in a Revegetation Area of Horqin Sandy Land, Northeast China. Ecologic. Eng. 2022, 180, 106644; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106644.Search in Google Scholar

5. Feng, L.; Jia, Z.; Li, Q. The Dynamic Monitoring of Aeolian Desertification Land Distribution and its Response to Climate Change in Northern China. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6 (1), 39563; https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39563.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

6. Wang, X.; Zhang, C.; Hasi, E.; Dong, Z. Has the Three Norths Forest Shelterbelt Program Solved the Desertification and Dust Storm Problems in Arid and Semiarid China. J. Arid Environ. 2010, 74, 13–22; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.08.001.Search in Google Scholar

7. Xue, Z.; Qin, Z.; Li, H.; Ding, G.; Meng, X. Evaluation of Aeolian Desertification from 1975 to 2010 and its Causes in Northwest Shanxi Province, China. Global Planet. Change 2013, 107, 102–108; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.05.001.Search in Google Scholar

8. Wang, T.; Zhu, Z.; Wu, W. Sandy Desertification in the North of China. Sci. China Earth Sci. 2002, 45, 23–34; https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02878385.Search in Google Scholar

9. Lan, S.; Zhang, Q.; Wu, L.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, D.; Hu, C. Artificially Accelerating the Reversal of Desertification: Cyanobacterial Inoculation Facilitates the Succession of Vegetation Communities. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (1), 307–315; https://doi.org/10.1021/es403785j.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

10. Lin, Y.; Xiong, T.; Zhang, B.; Wang, H. Effect of Fence Techniques in Levelling Sand Accumulation Around Sand Breaks-Case Study in Shapotou District. J. Desert Res. 1984, 4, 16–21.Search in Google Scholar

11. Gao, F.; Gao, Y.; Gao, Q.; Yan, X. Effects of Salix Psammophila Checkboard of Physical and Characteristics of Sandy Soil. J. Inn. Mong. Agric. Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 2006, 27, 39–42.Search in Google Scholar

12. Li, X.; Liu, L.; Gong, J. Influence of Pebble Mulch on Soil Erosion by Wind and Trapping Capacity for Windblown Sediment. Soil Tillage Res. 2001, 59, 137–142; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-1987(01)00158-1.Search in Google Scholar

13. Tan, L.; Zhang, W.; Bian, K.; Yang, G.; Zhong, S. Effect of Gravel Mulch on Soil and Water Conversation-A Case Study in the Northern Edge of Hobq Desert. Res. Soil.Water. Conserv. 2014, 24, 172–178.Search in Google Scholar

14. Wang, W.; Wang, T.; Fan, J.; Zhang, W.; Qu, J.; Neville, A.; Lin, P. Effect of Nylon Net Fence on Preventing Blown Sand at Top of Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang. J. Desert Res. 2005, 25, 640–648.Search in Google Scholar

15. Qu, J.; Yu, W.; Qin, X. Wind-protecting Efficiency of HDPE Functional Sand-Fixing Barriers. J. Desert Res. 2014, 34, 1185–1193.Search in Google Scholar

16. Lu, R.; Liu, X.; Lin, J. A Preliminary Study on the Role of Typical Sand-Fixing Plants on Sub-root Soil Improvement in Qinghai Lake Area. J. Soil. Water. Conserv. 2015, 29 (4), 177–181.Search in Google Scholar

17. Liu, H.; Yuan, H.; Guo, C.; Xu, X.; Wang, D.; Li, X.; Liu, K. Windbreak Efficiency of Two Types of Simulated Shrub Forest Equally Planted in Field. J. Desert Res. 2015, 35, 8–13.Search in Google Scholar

18. Sun, T.; Liu, H.; Zhu, G. Timeliness of Reducing Wind and Stabilizing Sand Functions of Three Mechanical Sand Barriers in Arid Region. Res. Soil.Water. Conserv. 2012, 26, 13–16.Search in Google Scholar

19. Lai, J.; Zhang, K.; Wang, W. Progress and Prospects of Research on Chemical Sand Fixation Materials. Chin. Desert 2017, 37 (4), 644–658.Search in Google Scholar

20. Lu, R.; Liu, X.; Lin, J. Effects of Typical Sand-Fixing Plant on Soil Improvement in Qinhai Lake Area. Res. Soil.Water. Conserv. 2015, 39, 177–181.Search in Google Scholar

21. Fan, H.; Gao, J.; Wu, P. Current Status and Outlook of Soil Curing Agent Research. J. Northwest Agri. Forest. Univ.: Nat.Sci.Ed. 2006, 34 (2), 141–146.Search in Google Scholar

22. Ghadir, P.; Ranjbar, N. Clayey Soil Stabilization Using Geopolymer and Portland Cement. Constr. Build. Mater. 2018, 188, 361–371; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.207.Search in Google Scholar

23. Naderinia, B.; Naeini, S.; Izadi, E. Unconfined Compressive Strength of Clayey Soils Stabilized with Waterborne Polymer. KSCE J. Civil. Eng. 2012, 16 (6), 943–949; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-1388-9.Search in Google Scholar

24. Ding, Q.; Xu, X.; Chen, Y. The Research Advances of Chemical Sand-Fixing Materials. Wuhan Univ. Technol. 1980, 1, 33–37.Search in Google Scholar

25. Zhou, J.; Chen, X.; Duan, H.; Ma, J. Fluor Silicone Modified Polyacrylate Emulsifier-free Latex: Synthesis, Properties, and Plication in Fabric Finishing. Fibers Polym. 2017, 18 (04), 625–632; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6361-2.Search in Google Scholar

26. Zhou, J.; Chen, X.; Duan, H.; Ma, J.; Ma, Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Sio2 Modified Fluorine-Containing Polyacrylate Emulsifier-free Emulsion. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 331, 504–511; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.01.098.Search in Google Scholar

27. Sun, J.; He, M.; Zhao, W.; Dan, Y.; Jiang, L. Endowing Water-Based Polyacrylics Adhesives with Enhanced Water-Resistant Capability by Integrating with Tannic Acid. React. Funct. Polym. 2021, 163, 104890; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104890.Search in Google Scholar

28. Bao, Y.; Ma, J.; Zhang, X.; Shi, C. Recent Advances in the Modification of Polyacrylate Latexes. J. Mater. Sci. 2015, 50, 6839–6863; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9311-7.Search in Google Scholar

29. Ohara, T.; Sato, T.; Shimizu, N.; Prescher, G.; Greim, H. Acrylic Acid and Derivatives; Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry: Weinheim, 2020; pp 1–21.10.1002/14356007.a01_161.pub4Search in Google Scholar

30. Wang, B.; Wang, F.; Kong, Y.; Wu, Z.; Wang, R. M.; Song, P.; He, Y. Polyurea-crosslinked Cationic Acrylate Copolymer for Antibacterial Coating. Colloids Surf., A 2018, 549, 122–129; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.04.012.Search in Google Scholar

31. Alexandra, O.; Elina, N.; Emily, D.; Dubé, M. Synthesis of Poly (Isobutyl Acrylate/n-Butylacrylate/methyl Methacrylate)/CNC Nanocomposites for Adhesive Applications via In Situ Semi-batch Emulsion Polymerization. Polym. Compos. 2019, 40 (4), 1365–1377; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24869.Search in Google Scholar

32. Jiang, Z.; Jiang, Z.; Shi, Y.; Meng, Y. Preparation and Characteristics of Acrylic Acid/styrene Composite Plasma Polymerized Membranes. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2010, 256 (21), 6473–6479; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.04.037.Search in Google Scholar

33. Porcher, W.; Chazelle, S.; Boulineau, A.; Mariage, N.; Alper, J.; Van, T.; Bridel, J.; Haon, C. Understanding Polyacrylic Acid and Lithium Polyacrylate Binder Behavior in Silicon-Based Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries. Electrochem. Soc. 2017, 164, 3633–3640; https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0821714jes.Search in Google Scholar

34. Li, P.; Nian, F.; Zhang, M.; Shen, M.; Dai, Y.; Pang, H.; Liao, B. Siloxane-modified Polyacrylate Low-Residual Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive with High Peeling Strength. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42975; https://doi.org/10.1002/app.42975.Search in Google Scholar

35. Bre, L.; Zheng, Y.; Pego, A.; Wang, W. Taking Tissue Adhesives to the Future: From Traditional Synthetic to New Biomimetic Approaches. Biomater. Sci. 2013, 1, 239–253; https://doi.org/10.1039/c2bm00121g.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

36. Xing, Q.; Dong, X.; Zhang, H. Preparation and Properties of Water-Resistant Polyacrylate Soil Curing Agent. Appl. Chem. Ind. 2022, 51 (10), 2875–2879.Search in Google Scholar

37. Chen, L.; Wu, F. Preparation and Characterization of Pure Polyacrylate Polymer Colloid through Emulsion Polymerization Using a Novel Initiator. Colloids Surf., A 2011, 392 (1), 300–304; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.10.008.Search in Google Scholar

38. Liu, J.; Cao, C.; Gao, T.; Yu, T. Synthesis of Heat-Resistant Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin by High-Temperature Radical Polymerization. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2015, 31 (11), 40–43.Search in Google Scholar

39. Jovanovic, R.; McKenna, T.; Dube, M. Empirical Modeling of Butyl Acrylate/vinyl Acetate/acrylic Acid Emulsion-Based Pressure Sensitive Adhesives. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2004, 289, 467–474; https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.200300355.Search in Google Scholar

40. Liu, J. Research of Organic Silicone-Modified Acrylates Composite Latexes and Latex Paints Based on Silylated Polymer Emulsion for Architectural Exterior Wall Applications; South China Normal University: Guangzhou, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

41. Yang, H.; Liu, M.; Wang, N.; Li, L.; Kong, Y.; Yang, S.; Lei, Z. Preparation and Water Erosion Resistance Properties of Tara Gum-G-Poly (Acrylic Acid-Co-Methyl Methacrylate) Emulsion. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2023, 242, 124645; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124645.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

42. Liu, J.; Shi, B.; Jiang, H.; Bae, S.; He, H. Improvement of Water-Stability of Clay Aggregates Admixed with Aqueous Polymer Soil Stabilizers. Catena 2009, 77 (3), 175–179; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2008.12.016.Search in Google Scholar

43. Chen, J.; Qiao, M.; Gao, N.; Wu, J.; Shan, J.; Zhu, B.; Ran, Q. Acrylate Based Post-acting Polymers as Novel Viscosity Modifying Admixtures for Concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2021, 312, 125414; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125414.Search in Google Scholar

44. Sevcik, R.; Machotova, J.; Zárybnická, L.; Mácová, P.; Viani, A. Aqueous Polyacrylate Latex Nano Dispersions Used as Consolidation Agents to Improve Mechanical Properties of prague sandstone. J. Cult. Herit. 2023 (62), 412–421; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2023.06.021.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2024-04-10

Accepted: 2024-09-18

Published Online: 2024-11-27

Published in Print: 2025-01-29

You are currently not able to access this content.

Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2024-0074

Keywords for this article

polymer; fixation materials of soil and sand; curing agent; polyacrylate