Effects of graphene surface energy on the structure and mechanical properties of phenolic foams
-
Xia Luo
,
Kun Qian
Abstract
Graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) were used to investigate the effects of surface free energy (SFE) of nanoparticles on the cellular structure and mechanical properties of phenolic nanocomposite foams. The results showed that the SFE of nanoparticles is a key parameter in determining the interfacial action between fillers and matrix before foaming, which in turn determines the energy barrier of bubble nucleation during foaming process. It indicated that the higher interfacial energy of GO brought out the lower Gibbs free energy and smaller driving force for heterogeneous nucleation, leading to smaller cell size with more uniform distribution. According to the effect of SFE in foaming process, different mass fractions of GNPs and GO were used in phenolic foams to investigate the effects of heterogeneous nucleating agent on cell nucleation. As a result, phenolic foam with 0.6 wt% graphene oxide (GO-0.6/PF) exhibited the optimized mechanical properties and cell microstructure.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC-0304301, 2016YFB0303200), Cooperative Innovation Fund-Prospective Project of Jiangsu Province (BY2015019-33, BY2016022-07), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20160157), the Science and Technology Transformation Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BA 2016117, BA 2016170), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JUSRP51718A, JUSRP51505), the City Industry Key Technology Foresight and Common Science and Technology Projects of Lianyungang (CG1520), and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Persistent inhibition performance of amine polymers to inhibit clay swelling
- Evaluation of stearic acid modified industrial lime sludge waste as a filler in high density polyethylene composites
- Effects of graphene surface energy on the structure and mechanical properties of phenolic foams
- Experimental and theoretical investigations of the high performance blends of PEEK/PEI
- Reciprocating friction and wear of polyimide composites filled with solid lubricants
- Dual pH-/temperature-responsive and fluorescent hydrogel for controlled drug delivery
- Thermoelectric behavior of PEDOT:PSS/CNT/graphene composites
- Investigating the properties of maleated poly(lactic acid) and its effect on poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanofiber composites
- Preparation of graphene and its application in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composites
- Preparation and assembly
- Electrospinning of poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone blends: investigation of the governing parameters and biocompatibility
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Persistent inhibition performance of amine polymers to inhibit clay swelling
- Evaluation of stearic acid modified industrial lime sludge waste as a filler in high density polyethylene composites
- Effects of graphene surface energy on the structure and mechanical properties of phenolic foams
- Experimental and theoretical investigations of the high performance blends of PEEK/PEI
- Reciprocating friction and wear of polyimide composites filled with solid lubricants
- Dual pH-/temperature-responsive and fluorescent hydrogel for controlled drug delivery
- Thermoelectric behavior of PEDOT:PSS/CNT/graphene composites
- Investigating the properties of maleated poly(lactic acid) and its effect on poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanofiber composites
- Preparation of graphene and its application in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composites
- Preparation and assembly
- Electrospinning of poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone blends: investigation of the governing parameters and biocompatibility
