Bioactive compounds profile and extraction yields in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) by-products: a comparative analysis using ethanol, methanol and acetone
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Milena Jiménez-Gutiérrez
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Sebastián Camacho-Marín
Abstract
Coffee beverages are consumed worldwide and produce considerable quantities of by-products from industrial processing every year. The present study identified 20 bioactive compounds in fresh coffee (Coffea arabica L.) husk and mucilage extracts from industrial processing. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-TQ/MS) was used for the profile of phytochemicals. Using ethanol (EtOH) as a green solvent, the extraction efficiency was compared with acetone and methanol (MeOH). Higher concentrations of Hydroxybenzoic Compounds (HBC) were found in husk than in mucilage and can be efficiently extracted with EtOH at 70, 80 and 90 %, with no significant differences with MeOH and acetone. Vanillic acid can be efficiently extracted from husk when 80 and 90 % EtOH is used. Rutin, an important non-anthocyanin Flavonoid Compound (FC) due to its health benefits, can be extracted at all concentrations of EtOH with equal results compared to acetone and MeOH. Ethanol seems to be a promissory ¨green¨ solvent for extracting phenolic compounds, achieving similar extraction yields when compared to acetone and MeOH. The coffee husk and mucilage extracts could be used in the food, pharmaceutical and other industries.
Funding source: Promotora Costarricense de Innovación e Investigación (PII) del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones (MICITT)
Award Identifier / Grant number: Nr. FI-037B-19
Acknowledgments
The author Milena Jiménez-Gutiérrez is highly thankful to the assistants Natalia Arauz, Samantha Arguedas, Katherine Fallas, Leidy Chacón and Cristian Porras for their support in the project.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: PE and AIM designed research and supervision. MJG, SCM and AMG conducted research. MJG, AIM, SCM, MV and PE analyzed data. MJG, AIM, MV and PE writing. MJG, SCM, AMG, AIM, MV and PE review & editing. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: The authors did not use Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools to prepare this manuscript.
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Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interests.
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Research funding: This research was funded by Promotora Costarricense de Innovación e Investigación (PII) del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones (MICITT) by means of the project titled ¨Valorización de los desechos del procesamiento del café para el control de hongos en granos y semillas¨, Nr. FI-037B-19 and with support of the Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas (CIGRAS) under Project number 734-C0527.
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Data availability: Data will be provide if they are requested.
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Supplementary Material
This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0318).
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