Comprehensive multidimensional study of the self-assembly properties of a three residue substituted β3 oligoamide
Abstract
Substituted β3 oligoamides form a unique self-assembling system where each monomer folds into a helix containing approximately three β3 amino acids per turn, yielding a geometrically well-defined cylindrical building block that, when N-acylated, is able to self-assemble head-to-tail into nanorods that can reach several 100 μm length. It was shown in previous works that self-assembly can be achieved with a three residue long oligoamide as well that lacks any intramolecular H-bonds, yet it crystallizes in a helix-like conformation. The self-assembly properties of these small oligoamides are however elusive, suggesting a more complex system than the self-assembly of the H-bond stabilized helical monomers. Here we focus on the self-assembly behaviour of a three residue oligoamide, Ac-β3[LIA] where the letters denote the side chain of the analogous α amino acid. Ac-β3[LIA] can yield highly inhomogeneous suspensions in water with a broad range of large fibrous structures that seem to be very stable, yet occasionally fibre growth is only observed upon heating. The small size of the monomer suggests a highly dynamic equilibrium yet all previous attempts failed to clearly identify low molecular weight species. Therefore a special methodology was employed in this study to characterize the suspensions at different size ranges: SANS that is optimal to measure the small oligomers and cross sectional diameter of the assemblies, DLS that is sensitive to the large populations and therefore the length of the superstructures, and NMR that is sensitive to monomeric and small oligomeric form, in conjunction with IR spectroscopy to probe the folding and AFM to image the morphology of the assemblies. Temperature ramping was used to perturb the system to probe the dynamicity of the self-assembly. It was found that the anomalous self-assembly behaviour of Ac-β3[LIA] is caused by its two stable conformations, a helix-building “horseshoe” fold and a linear conformer. The latter is exclusively found in monomeric form in solution whereas the horseshoe fold is stable in solid phase and in fibrous assemblies. Small oligomers were absent. Thus the self-assembly of Ac-β3[LIA] is arrested by the activation energy need of the conformation change; fibre growth might be triggered by conditions that allow increased conformational freedom of the monomers. This observation may be used to develop strategies for controlled switchable self-assembly.
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- Invited paper
- Gender gap in science in Africa: experience of African women in mathematics association
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Preface
- Bioinspired and biobased chemistry & materials (N.I.C.E. 2020): onsite and online hybrid conference
- Conference papers
- Vapor bubble induced electric current generation
- Photochemistry of phthalocyanine based on spin angular momenta: a kinetic study of fluorescent probes for ascorbic acid
- Study of the influence of autoclave sterilization on the properties of citrate functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles
- What defines biomimetic and bioinspired science and engineering?
- Orthogonal chemistry in the design of rare-earth metal oxyhydrides
- Highly conjugated carbazole-based monomers for the control of nanotubular surface structures by soft template electropolymerization
- Exploring the pH-dependent kinetics, thermodynamics and photochemistry of a flavylium-based pseudorotaxane
- Comprehensive multidimensional study of the self-assembly properties of a three residue substituted β3 oligoamide
- Invited paper
- Gender gap in science in Africa: experience of African women in mathematics association